diff --git a/docs/frontend-i18n.md b/docs/frontend-i18n.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a9f832f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/frontend-i18n.md
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+## CyberStrikeAI 前端国际化方案
+
+本文档说明 CyberStrikeAI Web 前端（`web/templates/index.html` + `web/static/js/*.js`）的国际化设计与开发规范，确保在不引入打包工具和不改动后端路由的前提下，实现可扩展、低返工的多语言支持。
+
+当前目标：
+
+- **支持中英文切换（zh-CN / en-US）**
+- 后续可方便扩展更多语言（如 ja-JP、ko-KR 等）
+
+---
+
+## 一、总体设计原则
+
+- **前端主导的客户端国际化**：所有 UI 文案在浏览器端根据当前语言动态渲染，后端 Go 仅负责结构和数据，不参与语言分发。
+- **单一 HTML 模板**：继续使用一份 `index.html` 模板，不为不同语言复制模板文件。
+- **文案与逻辑分离**：所有可见文本通过「键值表」管理（多语言 JSON），HTML / JS 只写 key，不直接写中文/英文常量。
+- **渐进式改造**：先覆盖 header / 登录 / 侧边栏 / 系统设置等关键区域，其他页面按模块逐步迁移，避免一次性大改动。
+- **可回退默认语言**：即使目标语言未完全翻译，也能回退到默认中文，不出现原始 key。
+
+---
+
+## 二、技术选型与目录结构
+
+### 2.1 技术选型
+
+- **i18n 引擎**：使用 [i18next](https://www.i18next.com/) 的浏览器 UMD 版本（通过 CDN 引入），无需打包器。
+- **资源格式**：每种语言一份 JSON 文件，采用「域 + 语义」的层级 key 方案，例如：
+  - `common.ok`
+  - `nav.dashboard`
+  - `header.apiDocs`
+  - `settings.robot.wecom.token`
+
+### 2.2 目录结构
+
+- `web/templates/index.html`  
+  - 页面骨架 + 所有静态文案位置，将逐步改为 `data-i18n` 标记。
+- `web/static/js/i18n.js`  
+  - 前端 i18n 初始化与 DOM 应用逻辑（本方案新增）。
+- `web/static/i18n/`（新增目录）
+  - `zh-CN.json`：中文文案（默认语言）
+  - `en-US.json`：英文文案
+  - 未来可新增：`ja-JP.json`、`ko-KR.json` 等。
+
+---
+
+## 三、文案组织规范
+
+### 3.1 Key 命名约定
+
+- 采用「**模块.语义**」形式，最多 2–3 级，确保可读性：
+  - 导航：`nav.dashboard`、`nav.chat`、`nav.settings`
+  - 头部：`header.title`、`header.apiDocs`、`header.logout`
+  - 登录：`login.title`、`login.subtitle`、`login.passwordLabel`、`login.submit`
+  - 仪表盘：`dashboard.title`、`dashboard.refresh`、`dashboard.runningTasks`
+  - 系统设置：`settings.title`、`settings.nav.basic`、`settings.nav.robot`、`settings.apply`
+  - 机器人配置：`settings.robot.wecom.enabled`、`settings.robot.wecom.token` 等。
+- 尽量按「界面区域」而不是「文件名」划分域，便于非开发人员理解。
+
+### 3.2 JSON 示例
+
+`web/static/i18n/zh-CN.json` 示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "common": {
+    "ok": "确定",
+    "cancel": "取消"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "dashboard": "仪表盘",
+    "chat": "对话",
+    "infoCollect": "信息收集",
+    "tasks": "任务管理",
+    "vulnerabilities": "漏洞管理",
+    "settings": "系统设置"
+  },
+  "header": {
+    "title": "CyberStrikeAI",
+    "apiDocs": "API 文档",
+    "logout": "退出登录",
+    "language": "界面语言"
+  },
+  "login": {
+    "title": "登录 CyberStrikeAI",
+    "subtitle": "请输入配置中的访问密码",
+    "passwordLabel": "密码",
+    "passwordPlaceholder": "输入登录密码",
+    "submit": "登录"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+英文文件 `en-US.json` 保持相同 key，不同 value：
+
+```json
+{
+  "common": {
+    "ok": "OK",
+    "cancel": "Cancel"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "dashboard": "Dashboard",
+    "chat": "Chat",
+    "infoCollect": "Recon",
+    "tasks": "Tasks",
+    "vulnerabilities": "Vulnerabilities",
+    "settings": "Settings"
+  },
+  "header": {
+    "title": "CyberStrikeAI",
+    "apiDocs": "API Docs",
+    "logout": "Sign out",
+    "language": "Interface language"
+  },
+  "login": {
+    "title": "Sign in to CyberStrikeAI",
+    "subtitle": "Enter the access password from config",
+    "passwordLabel": "Password",
+    "passwordPlaceholder": "Enter password",
+    "submit": "Sign in"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> 约定：**新增界面时，必须先定义 i18n key，再在 HTML/JS 中使用 key**，禁止直接写死中文/英文。
+
+---
+
+## 四、HTML 标记规范（data-i18n）
+
+### 4.1 基本规则
+
+- 使用 `data-i18n` 将元素文本与某个 key 绑定：
+
+```html
+<span data-i18n="nav.dashboard">仪表盘</span>
+```
+
+- 默认行为：脚本会替换元素的 `textContent`。
+- 同时翻译属性时，额外使用 `data-i18n-attr`，逗号分隔多个属性名：
+
+```html
+<button
+  class="openapi-doc-btn"
+  onclick="window.open('/api-docs', '_blank')"
+  data-i18n="header.apiDocs"
+  data-i18n-attr="title"
+  title="API 文档">
+  <span data-i18n="header.apiDocs">API 文档</span>
+</button>
+```
+
+### 4.2 默认文本的作用
+
+- HTML 内的中文默认值作为「**无 JS / 初始化前**」的占位内容：
+  - 页面在 JS 尚未加载完成时不会出现空白或 key。
+  - JS 初始化后会用当前语言覆盖这些文本。
+
+---
+
+## 五、JavaScript 中的文案规范
+
+### 5.1 全局翻译函数 `t()`
+
+由 `i18n.js` 暴露以下全局函数：
+
+- `window.t(key: string): string`  
+  - 返回当前语言下的翻译文本，若缺失则回退到默认语言，再不行则返回 key 本身。
+- `window.changeLanguage(lang: string): Promise<void>`  
+  - 切换语言并刷新页面文案（不会刷新整页）。
+
+示例（以 `web/static/js/settings.js` 为例）：
+
+```js
+// 之前
+alert('加载配置失败: ' + error.message);
+
+// 之后
+alert(t('settings.loadConfigFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
+```
+
+> 规范：**JS 内所有面向用户的提示、按钮文字、对话框标题都应通过 `t()` 获取**，不直接写死中文/英文。
+
+### 5.2 渐进迁移建议
+
+- 优先改造：
+  - 频繁弹出的错误提示 / 成功提示；
+  - 登录相关、系统设置相关文案。
+- 低优先级：
+  - 仅面向运维人员的调试提示，可以暂时保留英文/中文常量。
+
+---
+
+## 六、i18n 初始化与语言切换实现
+
+### 6.1 语言选择策略
+
+- 默认语言：`zh-CN`。
+- 优先级（从高到低）：
+  1. `localStorage` 中的用户选择（key：`csai_lang`）。
+  2. 浏览器 `navigator.language`（`zh` 开头 → `zh-CN`，否则 `en-US`）。
+  3. 默认 `zh-CN`。
+
+### 6.2 初始化流程（`i18n.js`）
+
+1. 读取初始语言。
+2. 初始化 i18next：
+   - `lng` 为当前语言；
+   - `fallbackLng` 为 `zh-CN`；
+   - 资源先留空，采用按需加载。
+3. 通过 `fetch` 拉取 `/static/i18n/{lng}.json` 并 `i18next.addResources`。
+4. 更新：
+   - `<html lang="...">` 属性；
+   - 所有带 `data-i18n` / `data-i18n-attr` 的元素。
+5. 暴露 `window.t` 与 `window.changeLanguage`。
+
+### 6.3 DOM 应用逻辑
+
+伪代码：
+
+```js
+function applyTranslations(root = document) {
+  const elements = root.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]');
+  elements.forEach(el => {
+    const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n');
+    if (!key) return;
+    const text = i18next.t(key);
+    if (text) {
+      el.textContent = text;
+    }
+
+    const attrList = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-attr');
+    if (attrList) {
+      attrList.split(',').map(s => s.trim()).forEach(attr => {
+        if (!attr) return;
+        const val = i18next.t(key);
+        if (val) el.setAttribute(attr, val);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
+```
+
+> 对于由 JS 动态插入的元素，需要在插入后再次调用 `applyTranslations(新容器)`。
+
+---
+
+## 七、语言切换 UI 规范
+
+### 7.1 位置与形态
+
+- 位置：`index.html` header 右侧 `API 文档` 按钮附近（靠近用户头像）。
+- 交互形式：
+  - 一个紧凑的语言切换组件，例如：
+    - `🌐` 图标 + 当前语言文本（`中文` / `English`）的下拉按钮；
+    - 下拉内容列出所有可用语言。
+
+### 7.2 示例结构
+
+```html
+<div class="lang-switcher">
+  <button class="btn-secondary lang-switcher-btn" onclick="toggleLangDropdown()" data-i18n="header.language">
+    <span class="lang-switcher-icon">🌐</span>
+    <span id="current-lang-label">中文</span>
+  </button>
+  <div id="lang-dropdown" class="lang-dropdown" style="display: none;">
+    <div class="lang-option" data-lang="zh-CN" onclick="onLanguageSelect('zh-CN')">中文</div>
+    <div class="lang-option" data-lang="en-US" onclick="onLanguageSelect('en-US')">English</div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+对应 JS（在 `i18n.js` 中）：
+
+```js
+function onLanguageSelect(lang) {
+  changeLanguage(lang).then(updateLangLabel).catch(console.error);
+  closeLangDropdown();
+}
+
+function updateLangLabel() {
+  const labelEl = document.getElementById('current-lang-label');
+  if (!labelEl) return;
+  const lang = i18next.language || 'zh-CN';
+  labelEl.textContent = lang.startsWith('zh') ? '中文' : 'English';
+}
+```
+
+> 规范：**语言切换只更新文案，不刷新整页，也不修改 URL hash**。
+
+---
+
+## 八、开发流程建议
+
+### 8.1 新增 / 修改界面的流程
+
+1. 设计界面时，先列出所有文案。
+2. 在对应语言 JSON 中补充/修改 key 与翻译。
+3. 在 HTML 中使用 `data-i18n`，在 JS 中使用 `t('...')`。
+4. 在浏览器中切换中英文，确认两种语言显示都正确。
+
+### 8.2 渐进式改造顺序（推荐）
+
+1. **阶段 1（已规划）**
+   - 引入 i18next 与 `i18n.js`。
+   - 新建 `zh-CN.json` / `en-US.json`（先覆盖 header / 登录 / 左侧导航）。
+   - 实现 header 区域语言切换组件。
+2. **阶段 2**（已完成）
+   - 系统设置页面（包括机器人配置页面）全部文案 i18n 化。
+   - `settings.js` 中的提示与错误信息改用 `t()`。
+3. **阶段 3**（进行中）
+   - 仪表盘、任务管理、漏洞管理、MCP、Skills、Roles 等页面按模块逐步迁移。
+4. **阶段 4**
+   - 清理 JS / HTML 中残留的硬编码中文，统一通过 i18n。
+
+---
+
+## 九、后续扩展新语言
+
+当需要新增语言时：
+
+1. 在 `web/static/i18n/` 中新增 `{lang}.json`，复制现有英文/中文文件结构，补充对应翻译。
+2. 在语言切换下拉中添加对应选项，例如：
+   - `data-lang="ja-JP"` / 文本 `日本語`
+3. 无需修改 `i18n.js` 或现有 HTML/JS 逻辑，即可支持新语言。
+
+---
+
+## 十、注意事项与坑点
+
+- **不要复制多份 HTML 模板** 来做多语言，那样维护成本极高，本方案统一由前端 i18n 控制。
+- **避免 key 直接用中文/英文句子**，统一采用「模块.语义」短 key，便于 diff 与搜索。
+- 避免在 CSS 中写死文本（如 `content: "xxx"`），如确有需要，应通过 JS 设置并走 i18n。
+- 对于后端返回的可本地化错误文本（未来可能支持），优先由后端根据 `Accept-Language` 返回对应语言，前端只负责展示。
+
diff --git a/web/static/css/style.css b/web/static/css/style.css
index ad0aa81d..1921d298 100644
--- a/web/static/css/style.css
+++ b/web/static/css/style.css
@@ -529,6 +529,60 @@ header {
     gap: 12px;
 }
 
+.lang-switcher {
+    position: relative;
+}
+
+.lang-switcher-btn {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 6px;
+    padding: 6px 10px;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    background: var(--bg-primary);
+    color: var(--text-primary);
+    cursor: pointer;
+    font-size: 0.8125rem;
+    font-weight: 400;
+    transition: all 0.2s ease;
+}
+
+.lang-switcher-btn:hover {
+    background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+    border-color: var(--accent-color);
+    color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.lang-switcher-icon {
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+}
+
+.lang-dropdown {
+    position: absolute;
+    right: 0;
+    top: calc(100% + 6px);
+    min-width: 120px;
+    background: var(--bg-primary);
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.16);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    padding: 4px 0;
+    z-index: 100;
+}
+
+.lang-option {
+    padding: 6px 12px;
+    font-size: 0.8125rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.lang-option:hover {
+    background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+    color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
 .header-actions button {
     display: inline-flex;
     align-items: center;
@@ -1748,6 +1802,7 @@ header {
 
 .chat-input-container textarea::placeholder {
     color: var(--text-muted);
+    opacity: 0.85;
 }
 
 .chat-input-container .send-btn {
diff --git a/web/static/i18n/en-US.json b/web/static/i18n/en-US.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f807062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/static/i18n/en-US.json
@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "ok": "OK",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "loading": "Loading…",
+    "search": "Search",
+    "clearSearch": "Clear search",
+    "noData": "No data",
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "copy": "Copy",
+    "copied": "Copied",
+    "copyFailed": "Copy failed"
+  },
+  "header": {
+    "title": "CyberStrikeAI",
+    "apiDocs": "API Docs",
+    "logout": "Sign out",
+    "language": "Interface language",
+    "backToDashboard": "Back to dashboard",
+    "userMenu": "User menu",
+    "version": "Current version",
+    "toggleSidebar": "Collapse/expand sidebar"
+  },
+  "login": {
+    "title": "Sign in to CyberStrikeAI",
+    "subtitle": "Enter the access password from config",
+    "passwordLabel": "Password",
+    "passwordPlaceholder": "Enter password",
+    "submit": "Sign in"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "dashboard": "Dashboard",
+    "chat": "Chat",
+    "infoCollect": "Recon",
+    "tasks": "Tasks",
+    "vulnerabilities": "Vulnerabilities",
+    "mcp": "MCP",
+    "mcpMonitor": "MCP Monitor",
+    "mcpManagement": "MCP Management",
+    "knowledge": "Knowledge",
+    "knowledgeRetrievalLogs": "Retrieval history",
+    "knowledgeManagement": "Knowledge management",
+    "skills": "Skills",
+    "skillsMonitor": "Skills monitor",
+    "skillsManagement": "Skills management",
+    "roles": "Roles",
+    "rolesManagement": "Roles management",
+    "settings": "System settings"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "Dashboard",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "refreshData": "Refresh data",
+    "runningTasks": "Running tasks",
+    "vulnTotal": "Total vulnerabilities",
+    "toolCalls": "Tool invocations",
+    "successRate": "Tool success rate",
+    "clickToViewTasks": "Click to view tasks",
+    "clickToViewVuln": "Click to view vulnerabilities",
+    "clickToViewMCP": "Click to view MCP monitor",
+    "severityDistribution": "Vulnerability severity distribution",
+    "severityCritical": "Critical",
+    "severityHigh": "High",
+    "severityMedium": "Medium",
+    "severityLow": "Low",
+    "severityInfo": "Info",
+    "runOverview": "Run overview",
+    "batchQueues": "Batch task queues",
+    "pending": "Pending",
+    "executing": "Running",
+    "completed": "Completed",
+    "toolInvocations": "Tool invocations",
+    "callsUnit": "calls",
+    "toolsUnit": "tools",
+    "knowledgeLabel": "Knowledge",
+    "knowledgeItems": "items",
+    "categoriesUnit": "categories",
+    "skillsLabel": "Skills",
+    "skillUnit": "Skills",
+    "quickLinks": "Quick links",
+    "toolsExecCount": "Tool execution count",
+    "ctaTitle": "Start your security journey",
+    "ctaSub": "Describe your target in chat, AI will assist with scanning and vulnerability analysis",
+    "goToChat": "Go to chat",
+    "noTasks": "No tasks",
+    "totalCount": "{{count}} total",
+    "notEnabled": "Disabled",
+    "enabled": "Enabled",
+    "toConfigure": "To configure",
+    "toUse": "To use",
+    "active": "Active",
+    "highFreq": "High frequency",
+    "noCallData": "No call data"
+  },
+  "chat": {
+    "newChat": "New chat",
+    "searchHistory": "Search history...",
+    "conversationGroups": "Conversation groups",
+    "addGroup": "New group",
+    "recentConversations": "Recent conversations",
+    "batchManage": "Batch manage",
+    "attackChain": "Attack chain",
+    "viewAttackChain": "View attack chain",
+    "selectRole": "Select role",
+    "defaultRole": "Default",
+    "inputPlaceholder": "Enter target or command... (type @ to select tools | Shift+Enter newline, Enter send)",
+    "selectFile": "Select file",
+    "uploadFile": "Upload file (multi-select or drag & drop)",
+    "send": "Send",
+    "searchInGroup": "Search in group...",
+    "loadingTools": "Loading tools...",
+    "noMatchTools": "No matching tools",
+    "penetrationTestDetail": "Penetration test details",
+    "expandDetail": "Expand details",
+    "noProcessDetail": "No process details (execution may be too fast or no detailed events)",
+    "copyMessageTitle": "Copy message",
+    "emptyGroupConversations": "This group has no conversations yet.",
+    "noMatchingConversationsInGroup": "No matching conversations found.",
+    "renameGroupPrompt": "Please enter new name:",
+    "deleteGroupConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete this group? Conversations in the group will not be deleted, but will be removed from the group.",
+    "deleteConversationConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete this conversation?",
+    "renameFailed": "Rename failed",
+    "viewAttackChainSelectConv": "Please select a conversation to view attack chain",
+    "viewAttackChainCurrentConv": "View attack chain of current conversation",
+    "executeFailed": "Execution failed",
+    "callOpenAIFailed": "Call OpenAI failed",
+    "systemReadyMessage": "System is ready. Please enter your test requirements, and the system will automatically perform the corresponding security tests.",
+    "addNewGroup": "+ New group"
+  },
+  "tasks": {
+    "title": "Task management",
+    "newTask": "New task",
+    "autoRefresh": "Auto refresh",
+    "historyHint": "Tip: Completed task history available. Check \"Show history\" to view.",
+    "statusRunning": "Running",
+    "statusCancelling": "Cancelling",
+    "statusFailed": "Failed",
+    "statusTimeout": "Timeout",
+    "statusCancelled": "Cancelled",
+    "statusCompleted": "Completed",
+    "historyBadge": "History",
+    "duration": "Duration",
+    "completedAt": "Completed at",
+    "startedAt": "Started at",
+    "clickToCopy": "Click to copy",
+    "unnamedTask": "Unnamed task",
+    "unknown": "Unknown",
+    "unknownTime": "Unknown time",
+    "clearHistoryConfirm": "Clear all task history?",
+    "cancelTaskFailed": "Cancel task failed",
+    "copiedToast": "Copied!",
+    "cancelling": "Cancelling...",
+    "enterTaskPrompt": "Enter at least one task",
+    "noValidTask": "No valid tasks",
+    "createBatchQueueFailed": "Failed to create batch task queue",
+    "noBatchQueues": "Currently there are no batch task queues",
+    "recentCompletedTasks": "Recently completed tasks (last 24 hours)",
+    "clearHistory": "Clear history",
+    "cancelTask": "Cancel task",
+    "viewConversation": "View conversation",
+    "conversationIdLabel": "Conversation ID",
+    "statusPending": "Pending",
+    "statusPaused": "Paused",
+    "confirmCancelTasks": "Cancel {{n}} selected task(s)?",
+    "batchCancelResultPartial": "Batch cancel: {{success}} succeeded, {{fail}} failed",
+    "batchCancelResultSuccess": "Successfully cancelled {{n}} task(s)",
+    "taskCount": "{{count}} task(s)",
+    "queueIdLabel": "Queue ID",
+    "createdTimeLabel": "Created at",
+    "totalLabel": "Total",
+    "pendingLabel": "Pending",
+    "runningLabel": "Running",
+    "completedLabel": "Completed",
+    "failedLabel": "Failed",
+    "cancelledLabel": "Cancelled",
+    "loadingTasks": "Loading...",
+    "loadFailedRetry": "Load failed",
+    "loadTaskListFailed": "Failed to load task list",
+    "getQueueDetailFailed": "Failed to load queue details",
+    "startBatchQueueFailed": "Failed to start batch queue",
+    "pauseQueueFailed": "Failed to pause queue",
+    "pauseQueueConfirm": "Pause this batch queue? The current task will be stopped; remaining tasks will stay pending.",
+    "deleteQueueConfirm": "Delete this batch queue? This cannot be undone.",
+    "deleteQueueFailed": "Failed to delete batch queue",
+    "batchQueueTitle": "Batch task queue",
+    "resumeExecute": "Resume",
+    "taskIncomplete": "Task information incomplete",
+    "cannotGetTaskMessageInput": "Cannot get task message input",
+    "taskMessageRequired": "Task message is required",
+    "saveTaskFailed": "Failed to save task",
+    "queueInfoMissing": "Queue information not found",
+    "addTaskFailed": "Failed to add task",
+    "confirmDeleteTask": "Delete this task?\n\nTask: {{message}}\n\nThis cannot be undone.",
+    "deleteTaskFailed": "Failed to delete task",
+    "paginationShow": "{{start}}-{{end}} of {{total}}",
+    "paginationPerPage": "Per page",
+    "paginationFirst": "First",
+    "paginationPrev": "Previous",
+    "paginationNext": "Next",
+    "paginationLast": "Last",
+    "paginationPage": "Page {{current}} / {{total}}",
+    "deleteQueue": "Delete queue",
+    "retry": "Retry",
+    "noMatchingTasks": "No matching tasks",
+    "updateTaskFailed": "Failed to update task",
+    "durationSeconds": "s",
+    "durationMinutes": "m",
+    "durationHours": "h"
+  },
+  "infoCollect": {
+    "enterFofaQuery": "Enter FOFA query syntax",
+    "querying": "Querying...",
+    "queryFailed": "Query failed",
+    "enterNaturalLanguage": "Enter natural language description",
+    "cancelParse": "Cancel parse",
+    "clickToCancelParse": "Click to cancel AI parse",
+    "parseToFofa": "Parse natural language to FOFA query",
+    "parseResultEmpty": "Parse result empty: Please add/modify FOFA query in popup",
+    "queryPlaceholder": "e.g. app=\"Apache\" && country=\"CN\"",
+    "selectAll": "Select all/none",
+    "selectRow": "Select row",
+    "copyTarget": "Copy target",
+    "sendToChat": "Send to chat (editable; Ctrl/Cmd+click to send directly)",
+    "noTargetToCopy": "No target to copy",
+    "targetCopied": "Target copied",
+    "manualCopyHint": "Copy failed, please copy manually: ",
+    "cannotInferTarget": "Cannot infer scan target from row (include host/ip/port/domain in fields)",
+    "noSendMessage": "sendMessage() not found, please refresh and retry",
+    "filledToInput": "Filled to chat input, edit and send",
+    "noExportResult": "No results to export",
+    "xlsxNotLoaded": "XLSX library not loaded, please refresh and retry",
+    "noResults": "No results",
+    "selectRowsFirst": "Select rows to scan first",
+    "noScanTarget": "No scan targets inferred from selection (include host/ip/port/domain in fields)",
+    "batchScanFailed": "Batch scan failed",
+    "batchQueueCreated": "Batch scan queue created",
+    "field": "Field",
+    "parsePending": "AI parsing...",
+    "parsePendingClickCancel": "AI parsing... (click button to cancel)",
+    "parseSlow": "AI parse is taking a while, still processing…",
+    "parseDone": "AI parse complete",
+    "parseCancelled": "AI parse cancelled",
+    "parseFailed": "AI parse failed: ",
+    "parseResultTitle": "AI parse result",
+    "naturalLanguageLabel": "Natural language",
+    "fofaQueryEditable": "FOFA query (editable)",
+    "confirmBeforeQuery": "Confirm syntax and scope before running the query.",
+    "reminder": "Reminder",
+    "explanation": "Explanation",
+    "actions": "Actions",
+    "batchScanTitle": "FOFA batch scan",
+    "queueCreatedSkipped": "Queue created ({{n}} rows skipped, no target)",
+    "createQueueFailed": "Failed to create batch queue",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "none": "None",
+    "truncated": "truncated",
+    "resultsMeta": "Total {{total}} · This page {{count}} · page={{page}} · size={{size}}",
+    "parseModalCancel": "Cancel",
+    "parseModalApply": "Fill into query",
+    "parseModalApplyRun": "Fill and query"
+  },
+  "vulnerability": {
+    "title": "Vulnerability management",
+    "addVuln": "Add vulnerability",
+    "editVuln": "Edit vulnerability",
+    "loadFailed": "Failed to load vulnerabilities",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Delete this vulnerability?"
+  },
+  "mcp": {
+    "monitorTitle": "MCP Status Monitor",
+    "execStats": "Execution stats",
+    "latestExecutions": "Latest executions",
+    "toolSearch": "Tool search",
+    "toolSearchPlaceholder": "Enter tool name...",
+    "statusFilter": "Status filter",
+    "filterAll": "All",
+    "selectedCount": "{{count}} selected",
+    "selectAll": "Select all",
+    "deselectAll": "Deselect all",
+    "deleteSelected": "Batch delete",
+    "deleteExecConfirm": "Delete this execution record?",
+    "batchDeleteFailed": "Batch delete failed",
+    "managementTitle": "MCP Management",
+    "addExternal": "Add external MCP",
+    "toolConfig": "MCP tool config",
+    "saveToolConfig": "Save tool config",
+    "externalConfig": "External MCP config",
+    "loadingTools": "Loading tools...",
+    "loadToolsTimeout": "Tools load timeout. External MCP may be slow. Click Refresh to retry or check connection.",
+    "loadToolsFailed": "Failed to load tools",
+    "noTools": "No tools",
+    "externalBadge": "External",
+    "externalFrom": "External ({{name}})",
+    "externalToolFrom": "External MCP - Source: {{name}}",
+    "noDescription": "No description",
+    "paginationInfo": "{{start}}-{{end}} of {{total}} tools",
+    "perPage": "Per page:",
+    "firstPage": "First",
+    "prevPage": "Previous",
+    "nextPage": "Next",
+    "lastPage": "Last",
+    "pageInfo": "Page {{page}} of {{total}}",
+    "currentPageEnabled": "Enabled on current page",
+    "totalEnabled": "Total enabled",
+    "toolsConfigSaved": "Tool configuration saved!",
+    "saveToolsConfigFailed": "Failed to save tool config",
+    "getConfigFailed": "Failed to get config",
+    "noExternalMCP": "No external MCP configured",
+    "clickToAddExternal": "Click \"Add external MCP\" to configure",
+    "connected": "Connected",
+    "connecting": "Connecting...",
+    "connectionFailed": "Connection failed",
+    "disabled": "Disabled",
+    "disconnected": "Disconnected",
+    "stopConnection": "Stop connection",
+    "startConnection": "Start connection",
+    "stop": "Stop",
+    "start": "Start",
+    "editConfig": "Edit config",
+    "deleteConfig": "Delete config",
+    "transportMode": "Transport",
+    "toolCount": "Tool count",
+    "description": "Description",
+    "timeout": "Timeout",
+    "command": "Command",
+    "addExternalMCP": "Add external MCP",
+    "editExternalMCP": "Edit external MCP",
+    "jsonEmpty": "JSON cannot be empty",
+    "jsonError": "JSON format error",
+    "configMustBeObject": "Config error: Must be JSON object with name as key",
+    "configNeedOne": "Config error: At least one config item required",
+    "configNameEmpty": "Config error: Name cannot be empty",
+    "configMustBeObj": "Config error: \"{{name}}\" must be object",
+    "configNeedCommand": "Config error: \"{{name}}\" needs command (stdio) or url (http/sse)",
+    "configStdioNeedCommand": "Config error: \"{{name}}\" stdio mode needs command",
+    "configHttpNeedUrl": "Config error: \"{{name}}\" http mode needs url",
+    "configSseNeedUrl": "Config error: \"{{name}}\" sse mode needs url",
+    "saveSuccess": "Saved",
+    "deleteSuccess": "Deleted",
+    "deleteExternalConfirm": "Delete external MCP \"{{name}}\"?",
+    "operationFailed": "Operation failed",
+    "connectionFailedCheck": "Connection failed. Check config and network.",
+    "connectionTimeout": "Connection timeout. Check config and network.",
+    "totalCount": "Total",
+    "enabledCount": "Enabled",
+    "disabledCount": "Disabled",
+    "connectedCount": "Connected"
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "title": "System settings",
+    "nav": {
+      "basic": "Basic",
+      "robots": "Bots",
+      "terminal": "Terminal",
+      "security": "Security"
+    },
+    "robots": {
+      "title": "Bot settings",
+      "description": "Configure WeCom, DingTalk and Lark bots so you can chat with CyberStrikeAI on your phone without opening the web UI.",
+      "wecom": {
+        "title": "WeCom",
+        "enabled": "Enable WeCom bot"
+      },
+      "dingtalk": {
+        "title": "DingTalk",
+        "enabled": "Enable DingTalk bot"
+      },
+      "lark": {
+        "title": "Lark",
+        "enabled": "Enable Lark bot"
+      }
+    },
+    "apply": {
+      "button": "Apply configuration",
+      "loadFailed": "Failed to load configuration",
+      "fillRequired": "Please fill in all required fields (marked with *)",
+      "applyFailed": "Failed to apply configuration",
+      "applySuccess": "Configuration applied successfully!"
+    },
+    "security": {
+      "changePassword": "Change password",
+      "fillPasswordHint": "Fill current and new password correctly. New password at least 8 characters, must match twice.",
+      "changePasswordFailed": "Failed to change password",
+      "passwordUpdated": "Password updated. Please sign in again with new password."
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "sessionExpired": "Session expired, please sign in again",
+    "unauthorized": "Unauthorized",
+    "enterPassword": "Please enter password",
+    "loginFailedCheck": "Sign-in failed, please check the password",
+    "loginFailedRetry": "Sign-in failed, please try again later",
+    "loggedOut": "Signed out"
+  },
+  "knowledge": {
+    "title": "Knowledge management",
+    "retrievalLogs": "Retrieval history",
+    "totalItems": "Total items",
+    "categories": "Categories",
+    "addKnowledge": "Add knowledge",
+    "rebuildIndex": "Rebuild index",
+    "rebuildIndexConfirm": "Rebuild index?",
+    "deleteItemConfirm": "Delete this knowledge item?",
+    "notEnabledTitle": "Knowledge base function not enabled",
+    "notEnabledHint": "Please go to system settings to enable knowledge retrieval.",
+    "goToSettings": "Go to settings"
+  },
+  "roles": {
+    "title": "Role management",
+    "createRole": "Create role",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "Search roles...",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Delete this role?"
+  },
+  "skills": {
+    "title": "Skills management",
+    "monitorTitle": "Skills monitor",
+    "createSkill": "Create Skill",
+    "callStats": "Call stats",
+    "addSkill": "Add Skill",
+    "editSkill": "Edit Skill",
+    "loadListFailed": "Failed to load skills list",
+    "noSkills": "No skills. Click \"Create Skill\" to add first.",
+    "noMatch": "No matching skills",
+    "searchFailed": "Search failed",
+    "refreshed": "Refreshed",
+    "loadDetailFailed": "Failed to load skill details",
+    "viewFailed": "Failed to view skill",
+    "saving": "Saving...",
+    "saveFailed": "Failed to save skill",
+    "deleteFailed": "Failed to delete skill",
+    "loadStatsFailed": "Failed to load skills monitor data",
+    "clearStatsConfirm": "Clear all Skills statistics? This cannot be undone.",
+    "statsCleared": "Skills statistics cleared",
+    "clearStatsFailed": "Failed to clear statistics"
+  },
+  "apiDocs": {
+    "curlCopied": "curl command copied to clipboard!"
+  },
+  "chatGroup": {
+    "search": "Search",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "clearSearch": "Clear search",
+    "searchInGroupPlaceholder": "Search in group...",
+    "attackChain": "Attack chain",
+    "viewAttackChain": "View attack chain",
+    "selectRole": "Select role",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "selectFile": "Select file",
+    "uploadFile": "Upload file (multi-select or drag & drop)",
+    "send": "Send",
+    "rolePanelTitle": "Select role",
+    "copyMessage": "Copy message",
+    "remove": "Remove"
+  },
+  "mcpMonitor": {
+    "deselectAll": "Deselect all",
+    "statusPending": "Pending",
+    "statusCompleted": "Completed",
+    "statusRunning": "Running",
+    "statusFailed": "Failed",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "noStatsData": "No statistical data",
+    "noExecutions": "No execution records",
+    "noRecordsWithFilter": "No records with current filter",
+    "paginationInfo": "Show {{start}}-{{end}} of {{total}} records",
+    "perPageLabel": "Per page",
+    "loadStatsError": "Failed to load statistics",
+    "loadExecutionsError": "Failed to load execution records",
+    "totalCalls": "Total calls",
+    "successFailed": "Success {{success}} / Failed {{failed}}",
+    "successRate": "Success rate",
+    "statsFromAllTools": "From all tool calls",
+    "lastCall": "Last call",
+    "lastRefreshTime": "Last refresh",
+    "noCallsYet": "No calls yet",
+    "unknownTool": "Unknown tool",
+    "successFailedRate": "Success {{success}} / Failed {{failed}} · {{rate}}% success rate",
+    "columnTool": "Tool",
+    "columnStatus": "Status",
+    "columnStartTime": "Start time",
+    "columnDuration": "Duration",
+    "columnActions": "Actions",
+    "viewDetail": "View details",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "deleteExecTitle": "Delete this execution record",
+    "deleteExecConfirmSingle": "Are you sure you want to delete this execution record? This cannot be undone.",
+    "deleteExecFailed": "Failed to delete execution record",
+    "execDeleted": "Execution record deleted",
+    "selectExecFirst": "Please select execution record(s) to delete first",
+    "batchDeleteConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete the selected {{count}} execution record(s)? This cannot be undone.",
+    "batchDeleteSuccess": "Successfully deleted {{count}} execution record(s)",
+    "unknown": "Unknown",
+    "durationSeconds": "{{n}} sec",
+    "durationMinutes": "{{minutes}} min {{seconds}} sec",
+    "durationMinutesOnly": "{{minutes}} min",
+    "durationHours": "{{hours}} hr {{minutes}} min",
+    "durationHoursOnly": "{{hours}} hr"
+  },
+  "knowledgePage": {
+    "totalContent": "Total content",
+    "categoryFilter": "Category filter",
+    "all": "All",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "Search knowledge...",
+    "loading": "Loading..."
+  },
+  "retrievalLogs": {
+    "totalRetrievals": "Total retrievals",
+    "successRetrievals": "Success",
+    "successRate": "Success rate",
+    "retrievedItems": "Items retrieved",
+    "conversationId": "Conversation ID",
+    "messageId": "Message ID",
+    "filter": "Filter",
+    "optionalConversation": "Optional: filter by conversation",
+    "optionalMessage": "Optional: filter by message",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "noRecords": "No retrieval records yet",
+    "noQuery": "No query content",
+    "itemsUnit": "items",
+    "hasResults": "Has results",
+    "noResults": "No results",
+    "clickToCopy": "Click to copy",
+    "retrievalResult": "Retrieval result",
+    "foundCount": "Found {{count}} related knowledge item(s)",
+    "foundUnknown": "Found related knowledge (count unknown)",
+    "noMatch": "No matching knowledge items",
+    "retrievedItemsLabel": "Retrieved knowledge items:",
+    "viewDetails": "View details",
+    "loadError": "Failed to load retrieval logs",
+    "detailError": "Unable to get retrieval details",
+    "deleteError": "Failed to delete retrieval log",
+    "detailsTitle": "Retrieval details",
+    "queryInfo": "Query info",
+    "queryContent": "Query content:",
+    "retrievalInfo": "Retrieval info",
+    "riskType": "Risk type",
+    "retrievalTime": "Retrieval time",
+    "noItemDetails": "No knowledge item details found",
+    "noContentPreview": "No content preview",
+    "untitled": "Untitled",
+    "uncategorized": "Uncategorized",
+    "relatedInfo": "Related info",
+    "itemsCount": "{{count}} knowledge item(s)",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Delete this retrieval record?"
+  },
+  "infoCollectPage": {
+    "title": "Recon",
+    "reset": "Reset",
+    "confirm": "OK",
+    "fofaQuerySyntax": "FOFA query syntax",
+    "naturalLanguage": "Natural language (AI parses to FOFA)",
+    "returnCount": "Return count",
+    "pageNum": "Page",
+    "returnFields": "Return fields (comma-separated)",
+    "queryResults": "Query results",
+    "selectedRows": "{{count}} selected",
+    "selectedRowsZero": "0 selected",
+    "columns": "Columns",
+    "exportCsv": "Export CSV",
+    "exportJson": "Export JSON",
+    "exportXlsx": "Export XLSX",
+    "batchScan": "Batch scan",
+    "showColumns": "Show columns",
+    "columnsPanelAll": "Select all",
+    "columnsPanelNone": "Deselect all",
+    "columnsPanelClose": "Close",
+    "formHint": "See FOFA docs for query syntax; supports && / || / ().",
+    "parseBtn": "AI parse",
+    "parseHint": "Result will open in a popup for editing before running the query.",
+    "minFields": "Min fields",
+    "webCommon": "Web common",
+    "intelEnhanced": "Intel enhanced",
+    "presetApache": "Apache + China",
+    "presetLogin": "Login page + China",
+    "presetDomain": "By domain",
+    "presetIp": "By IP",
+    "nlPlaceholder": "e.g. Apache sites in Missouri, US, title contains Home",
+    "showHideColumns": "Show/hide columns",
+    "exportCsvTitle": "Export results as CSV (UTF-8)",
+    "exportJsonTitle": "Export results as JSON",
+    "exportXlsxTitle": "Export results as Excel",
+    "batchScanTitle": "Create batch task queue from selected rows"
+  },
+  "vulnerabilityPage": {
+    "statTotal": "Total",
+    "filter": "Filter",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "vulnId": "Vuln ID",
+    "conversationId": "Conversation ID",
+    "severity": "Severity",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "statusOpen": "Open",
+    "statusConfirmed": "Confirmed",
+    "statusFixed": "Fixed",
+    "statusFalsePositive": "False positive",
+    "searchVulnId": "Search vuln ID",
+    "filterConversation": "Filter by conversation",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "noRecords": "No vulnerability records"
+  },
+  "tasksPage": {
+    "statusFilter": "Status filter",
+    "statusPending": "Pending",
+    "statusPaused": "Paused",
+    "statusCancelled": "Cancelled",
+    "searchQueuePlaceholder": "Search queue ID, title or created time",
+    "searchKeywordPlaceholder": "Enter keyword..."
+  },
+  "skillsPage": {
+    "clearStats": "Clear stats",
+    "clearStatsTitle": "Clear all statistics",
+    "skillsCallStats": "Skills call stats",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "Search Skills...",
+    "loading": "Loading..."
+  },
+  "settingsBasic": {
+    "basicTitle": "Basic settings",
+    "openaiConfig": "OpenAI config",
+    "fofaConfig": "FOFA config",
+    "agentConfig": "Agent config",
+    "knowledgeConfig": "Knowledge base config",
+    "baseUrl": "Base URL",
+    "apiKey": "API Key",
+    "model": "Model",
+    "openaiBaseUrlPlaceholder": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+    "openaiApiKeyPlaceholder": "Enter OpenAI API Key",
+    "modelPlaceholder": "gpt-4",
+    "fofaBaseUrlPlaceholder": "https://fofa.info/api/v1/search/all (optional)",
+    "fofaBaseUrlHint": "Leave empty for default.",
+    "email": "Email",
+    "fofaEmailPlaceholder": "Enter FOFA email",
+    "fofaApiKeyPlaceholder": "Enter FOFA API Key",
+    "fofaApiKeyHint": "Stored in server config (config.yaml) only.",
+    "maxIterations": "Max iterations",
+    "iterationsPlaceholder": "30",
+    "enableKnowledge": "Enable knowledge retrieval",
+    "knowledgeBasePath": "Knowledge base path",
+    "knowledgeBasePathPlaceholder": "knowledge_base",
+    "knowledgeBasePathHint": "Relative to config file directory",
+    "embeddingConfig": "Embedding config",
+    "provider": "Provider",
+    "embeddingBaseUrlPlaceholder": "Leave empty to use OpenAI base_url",
+    "embeddingApiKeyPlaceholder": "Leave empty to use OpenAI api_key",
+    "modelName": "Model name",
+    "embeddingModelPlaceholder": "text-embedding-v4",
+    "retrievalConfig": "Retrieval config",
+    "topK": "Top-K results",
+    "topKPlaceholder": "5",
+    "topKHint": "Number of top-K results to return",
+    "similarityThreshold": "Similarity threshold",
+    "similarityPlaceholder": "0.7",
+    "similarityHint": "Results below this value are filtered (0-1)",
+    "hybridWeight": "Hybrid weight",
+    "hybridPlaceholder": "0.7",
+    "hybridHint": "Vector weight (0-1); 1.0 = vector only, 0.0 = keyword only",
+    "indexConfig": "Index config",
+    "chunkSize": "Chunk size",
+    "chunkSizePlaceholder": "512",
+    "chunkSizeHint": "Max tokens per chunk (default 512)",
+    "chunkOverlap": "Chunk overlap",
+    "chunkOverlapPlaceholder": "50",
+    "chunkOverlapHint": "Overlap tokens between chunks (default 50)",
+    "maxChunksPerItem": "Max chunks per item",
+    "maxChunksPlaceholder": "0",
+    "maxChunksHint": "Max chunks per knowledge item (0 = no limit)",
+    "maxRpm": "Max RPM",
+    "maxRpmPlaceholder": "0",
+    "maxRpmHint": "Max requests per minute (0 = no limit)",
+    "rateLimitDelay": "Rate limit delay (ms)",
+    "rateLimitPlaceholder": "300",
+    "rateLimitHint": "Delay between requests (ms); 0 = no limit",
+    "maxRetries": "Max retries",
+    "maxRetriesPlaceholder": "3",
+    "maxRetriesHint": "Retries on rate limit or server error",
+    "retryDelay": "Retry delay (ms)",
+    "retryDelayPlaceholder": "1000",
+    "retryDelayHint": "Delay between retries (ms)"
+  },
+  "settingsTerminal": {
+    "title": "Terminal",
+    "description": "Run commands on the server for ops and debugging. Commands run on the server; avoid sensitive or destructive operations.",
+    "terminalTab": "Terminal {{n}}",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "newTerminal": "New terminal"
+  },
+  "settingsSecurity": {
+    "changePasswordTitle": "Change password",
+    "changePasswordDesc": "After changing password, sign in again with the new password.",
+    "currentPassword": "Current password",
+    "currentPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter current password",
+    "newPassword": "New password",
+    "newPasswordPlaceholder": "New password (at least 8 characters)",
+    "confirmPassword": "Confirm new password",
+    "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter new password again",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "changePasswordBtn": "Change password"
+  },
+  "settingsRobotsExtra": {
+    "botCommandsTitle": "Bot commands",
+    "botCommandsDesc": "You can send these commands in chat (Chinese and English supported):"
+  },
+  "mcpDetailModal": {
+    "title": "Tool call details",
+    "execInfo": "Execution info",
+    "tool": "Tool",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "time": "Time",
+    "executionId": "Execution ID",
+    "requestParams": "Request params",
+    "copyJson": "Copy JSON",
+    "responseResult": "Response",
+    "copyContent": "Copy content",
+    "correctInfo": "Correct info",
+    "errorInfo": "Error info",
+    "copyError": "Copy error"
+  },
+  "attackChainModal": {
+    "title": "Attack chain",
+    "regenerate": "Regenerate",
+    "regenerateTitle": "Regenerate attack chain (include latest conversation)",
+    "exportPng": "Export PNG",
+    "exportSvg": "Export SVG",
+    "refreshTitle": "Refresh current attack chain",
+    "nodesEdges": "Nodes: {{nodes}} | Edges: {{edges}}",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "Search nodes...",
+    "allTypes": "All types",
+    "target": "Target",
+    "action": "Action",
+    "vulnerability": "Vulnerability",
+    "allRisks": "All risks",
+    "highRisk": "High (80-100)",
+    "mediumHighRisk": "Medium-high (60-79)",
+    "mediumRisk": "Medium (40-59)",
+    "lowRisk": "Low (0-39)",
+    "resetFilter": "Reset filter",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "riskLevel": "Risk level",
+    "lineMeaning": "Line meaning",
+    "blueLine": "Blue: action finds vulnerability",
+    "redLine": "Red: enables/contributes",
+    "grayLine": "Gray: logical order",
+    "nodeDetails": "Node details",
+    "closeDetails": "Close details"
+  },
+  "externalMcpModal": {
+    "configJson": "Config JSON",
+    "formatLabel": "Format:",
+    "formatDesc": "JSON object; key = config name, value = config. Use Start/Stop buttons to control state.",
+    "formatJson": "Format JSON",
+    "loadExample": "Load example"
+  },
+  "skillModal": {
+    "addSkill": "Add Skill",
+    "editSkill": "Edit Skill",
+    "skillName": "Skill name",
+    "skillNamePlaceholder": "e.g. sql-injection-testing",
+    "skillNameHint": "Letters, numbers, hyphens and underscores only",
+    "description": "Description",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "Short description",
+    "contentLabel": "Content (Markdown)",
+    "contentPlaceholder": "Enter skill content in Markdown...",
+    "contentHint": "YAML front matter supported (optional)"
+  },
+  "knowledgeItemModal": {
+    "addKnowledge": "Add knowledge",
+    "editKnowledge": "Edit knowledge",
+    "category": "Category (risk type)",
+    "categoryPlaceholder": "e.g. SQL injection",
+    "title": "Title",
+    "titlePlaceholder": "Knowledge item title",
+    "contentLabel": "Content (Markdown)",
+    "contentPlaceholder": "Enter content in Markdown..."
+  },
+  "batchManageModal": {
+    "title": "Manage conversations · {{count}} total",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "Search history",
+    "conversationName": "Conversation name",
+    "lastTime": "Last activity",
+    "action": "Action",
+    "selectAll": "Select all",
+    "deleteSelected": "Delete selected",
+    "confirmDeleteNone": "Please select at least one conversation to delete",
+    "confirmDeleteN": "Delete {{count}} selected conversation(s)?",
+    "deleteFailed": "Delete failed",
+    "unnamedConversation": "Unnamed conversation"
+  },
+  "createGroupModal": {
+    "title": "Create group",
+    "description": "Group conversations for easier management.",
+    "selectIcon": "Click to choose icon",
+    "groupNamePlaceholder": "Enter group name",
+    "pickIcon": "Pick icon",
+    "customIcon": "Custom",
+    "confirmIcon": "OK",
+    "create": "Create",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "suggestionPenetrationTest": "Penetration Testing",
+    "suggestionCtf": "CTF",
+    "suggestionRedTeam": "Red Team",
+    "suggestionVulnerabilityMining": "Vulnerability Mining",
+    "nameExists": "Group name already exists, please use another name.",
+    "createFailed": "Create failed",
+    "unknownError": "Unknown error"
+  },
+  "contextMenu": {
+    "viewAttackChain": "View attack chain",
+    "rename": "Rename",
+    "pinConversation": "Pin conversation",
+    "unpinConversation": "Unpin",
+    "batchManage": "Batch manage",
+    "moveToGroup": "Move to group",
+    "deleteConversation": "Delete conversation",
+    "pinGroup": "Pin group",
+    "unpinGroup": "Unpin",
+    "deleteGroup": "Delete group"
+  },
+  "batchImportModal": {
+    "title": "New task",
+    "queueTitle": "Queue title",
+    "queueTitlePlaceholder": "Enter queue title (optional, for identification and filtering)",
+    "queueTitleHint": "Set a title for the batch task queue to make it easier to find and manage later.",
+    "role": "Role",
+    "defaultRole": "Default",
+    "roleHint": "Select a role; all tasks will be executed using that role's configuration (prompt and tools).",
+    "tasksList": "Task list (one task per line)",
+    "tasksListPlaceholder": "Enter task list, one per line",
+    "tasksListPlaceholderExample": "Enter task list, one per line, for example:\nScan open ports of 192.168.1.1\nCheck if https://example.com has SQL injection\nEnumerate subdomains of example.com",
+    "tasksListHint": "Enter one task command per line; the system will execute them in order. Empty lines are ignored.",
+    "tasksListHintFull": "Hint: Enter one task command per line; the system will execute these tasks in order. Empty lines are ignored.",
+    "createQueue": "Create queue"
+  },
+  "batchQueueDetailModal": {
+    "title": "Batch queue details",
+    "addTask": "Add task",
+    "startExecute": "Start",
+    "pauseQueue": "Pause queue",
+    "deleteQueue": "Delete queue",
+    "queueTitle": "Task title",
+    "role": "Role",
+    "defaultRole": "Default",
+    "queueId": "Queue ID",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "createdAt": "Created at",
+    "startedAt": "Started at",
+    "completedAt": "Completed at",
+    "taskTotal": "Total tasks",
+    "taskList": "Task list",
+    "startLabel": "Start",
+    "completeLabel": "Complete",
+    "errorLabel": "Error",
+    "resultLabel": "Result"
+  },
+  "editBatchTaskModal": {
+    "title": "Edit task",
+    "taskMessage": "Task message",
+    "taskMessagePlaceholder": "Enter task message"
+  },
+  "addBatchTaskModal": {
+    "title": "Add task",
+    "taskMessage": "Task message",
+    "taskMessagePlaceholder": "Enter task message",
+    "add": "Add"
+  },
+  "vulnerabilityModal": {
+    "conversationId": "Conversation ID",
+    "conversationIdPlaceholder": "Enter conversation ID",
+    "title": "Title",
+    "titlePlaceholder": "Vulnerability title",
+    "description": "Description",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "Detailed description",
+    "severity": "Severity",
+    "pleaseSelect": "Please select",
+    "severityCritical": "Critical",
+    "severityHigh": "High",
+    "severityMedium": "Medium",
+    "severityLow": "Low",
+    "severityInfo": "Info",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "statusOpen": "Open",
+    "statusConfirmed": "Confirmed",
+    "statusFixed": "Fixed",
+    "statusFalsePositive": "False positive",
+    "type": "Vulnerability type",
+    "typePlaceholder": "e.g. SQL injection, XSS, CSRF",
+    "target": "Target",
+    "targetPlaceholder": "Affected target (URL, IP, etc.)",
+    "proof": "Proof (POC)",
+    "proofPlaceholder": "Proof: request/response, screenshots, etc.",
+    "impact": "Impact",
+    "impactPlaceholder": "Impact description",
+    "recommendation": "Recommendation",
+    "recommendationPlaceholder": "Remediation"
+  },
+  "roleModal": {
+    "addRole": "Add role",
+    "editRole": "Edit role",
+    "roleName": "Role name",
+    "roleNamePlaceholder": "Enter role name",
+    "roleDescription": "Role description",
+    "roleDescriptionPlaceholder": "Enter role description",
+    "roleIcon": "Role icon",
+    "roleIconPlaceholder": "Enter emoji, e.g. 🏆",
+    "roleIconHint": "Emoji shown in role selector.",
+    "userPrompt": "User prompt",
+    "userPromptPlaceholder": "Appended before user message...",
+    "userPromptHint": "This prompt is appended before user message to guide AI. It does not change system prompt.",
+    "relatedTools": "Related tools (optional)",
+    "defaultRoleToolsTitle": "Default role uses all tools",
+    "defaultRoleToolsDesc": "Default role uses all tools enabled in MCP management.",
+    "searchToolsPlaceholder": "Search tools...",
+    "loadingTools": "Loading tools...",
+    "relatedToolsHint": "Select tools to link; empty = use all from MCP management.",
+    "relatedSkills": "Related Skills (optional)",
+    "searchSkillsPlaceholder": "Search skill...",
+    "loadingSkills": "Loading skills...",
+    "relatedSkillsHint": "Selected skills are injected into system prompt before task execution.",
+    "enableRole": "Enable this role"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/static/i18n/zh-CN.json b/web/static/i18n/zh-CN.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef253cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/static/i18n/zh-CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "ok": "确定",
+    "cancel": "取消",
+    "refresh": "刷新",
+    "close": "关闭",
+    "edit": "编辑",
+    "delete": "删除",
+    "save": "保存",
+    "loading": "加载中…",
+    "search": "搜索",
+    "clearSearch": "清除搜索",
+    "noData": "暂无数据",
+    "confirm": "确认",
+    "copy": "复制",
+    "copied": "已复制",
+    "copyFailed": "复制失败"
+  },
+  "header": {
+    "title": "CyberStrikeAI",
+    "apiDocs": "API 文档",
+    "logout": "退出登录",
+    "language": "界面语言",
+    "backToDashboard": "返回仪表盘",
+    "userMenu": "用户菜单",
+    "version": "当前版本",
+    "toggleSidebar": "折叠/展开侧边栏"
+  },
+  "login": {
+    "title": "登录 CyberStrikeAI",
+    "subtitle": "请输入配置中的访问密码",
+    "passwordLabel": "密码",
+    "passwordPlaceholder": "输入登录密码",
+    "submit": "登录"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "dashboard": "仪表盘",
+    "chat": "对话",
+    "infoCollect": "信息收集",
+    "tasks": "任务管理",
+    "vulnerabilities": "漏洞管理",
+    "mcp": "MCP",
+    "mcpMonitor": "MCP状态监控",
+    "mcpManagement": "MCP管理",
+    "knowledge": "知识",
+    "knowledgeRetrievalLogs": "检索历史",
+    "knowledgeManagement": "知识管理",
+    "skills": "Skills",
+    "skillsMonitor": "Skills状态监控",
+    "skillsManagement": "Skills管理",
+    "roles": "角色",
+    "rolesManagement": "角色管理",
+    "settings": "系统设置"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "仪表盘",
+    "refresh": "刷新",
+    "refreshData": "刷新数据",
+    "runningTasks": "运行中任务",
+    "vulnTotal": "漏洞总数",
+    "toolCalls": "工具调用次数",
+    "successRate": "工具执行成功率",
+    "clickToViewTasks": "点击查看任务管理",
+    "clickToViewVuln": "点击查看漏洞管理",
+    "clickToViewMCP": "点击查看 MCP 监控",
+    "severityDistribution": "漏洞严重程度分布",
+    "severityCritical": "严重",
+    "severityHigh": "高危",
+    "severityMedium": "中危",
+    "severityLow": "低危",
+    "severityInfo": "信息",
+    "runOverview": "运行概览",
+    "batchQueues": "批量任务队列",
+    "pending": "待执行",
+    "executing": "执行中",
+    "completed": "已完成",
+    "toolInvocations": "工具调用",
+    "callsUnit": "次调用",
+    "toolsUnit": "个工具",
+    "knowledgeLabel": "知识",
+    "knowledgeItems": "项知识",
+    "categoriesUnit": "个分类",
+    "skillsLabel": "Skills",
+    "skillUnit": "个 Skill",
+    "quickLinks": "快捷入口",
+    "toolsExecCount": "工具执行次数",
+    "ctaTitle": "开始你的安全之旅",
+    "ctaSub": "在对话中描述目标，AI 将协助执行扫描与漏洞分析",
+    "goToChat": "前往对话",
+    "noTasks": "暂无任务",
+    "totalCount": "共 {{count}} 个",
+    "notEnabled": "未启用",
+    "enabled": "已启用",
+    "toConfigure": "待配置",
+    "toUse": "待使用",
+    "active": "活跃",
+    "highFreq": "高频",
+    "noCallData": "暂无调用数据"
+  },
+  "chat": {
+    "newChat": "新对话",
+    "searchHistory": "搜索历史记录...",
+    "conversationGroups": "对话分组",
+    "addGroup": "新建分组",
+    "recentConversations": "最近对话",
+    "batchManage": "批量管理",
+    "attackChain": "攻击链",
+    "viewAttackChain": "查看攻击链",
+    "selectRole": "选择角色",
+    "defaultRole": "默认",
+    "inputPlaceholder": "输入测试目标或命令... (输入 @ 选择工具 | Shift+Enter 换行，Enter 发送)",
+    "selectFile": "选择文件",
+    "uploadFile": "上传文件（可多选或拖拽到此处）",
+    "send": "发送",
+    "searchInGroup": "搜索分组中的对话...",
+    "loadingTools": "正在加载工具...",
+    "noMatchTools": "没有匹配的工具",
+    "penetrationTestDetail": "渗透测试详情",
+    "expandDetail": "展开详情",
+    "noProcessDetail": "暂无过程详情（可能执行过快或未触发详细事件）",
+    "copyMessageTitle": "复制消息内容",
+    "emptyGroupConversations": "该分组暂无对话",
+    "noMatchingConversationsInGroup": "未找到匹配的对话",
+    "renameGroupPrompt": "请输入新名称：",
+    "deleteGroupConfirm": "确定要删除此分组吗？分组中的对话不会被删除，但会从分组中移除。",
+    "deleteConversationConfirm": "确定要删除此对话吗？",
+    "renameFailed": "重命名失败",
+    "viewAttackChainSelectConv": "请选择一个对话以查看攻击链",
+    "viewAttackChainCurrentConv": "查看当前对话的攻击链",
+    "executeFailed": "执行失败",
+    "callOpenAIFailed": "调用OpenAI失败",
+    "systemReadyMessage": "系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。",
+    "addNewGroup": "+ 新增分组"
+  },
+  "tasks": {
+    "title": "任务管理",
+    "newTask": "新建任务",
+    "autoRefresh": "自动刷新",
+    "historyHint": "提示：有已完成的任务历史，请勾选\"显示历史记录\"查看",
+    "statusRunning": "执行中",
+    "statusCancelling": "取消中",
+    "statusFailed": "执行失败",
+    "statusTimeout": "执行超时",
+    "statusCancelled": "已取消",
+    "statusCompleted": "已完成",
+    "historyBadge": "历史记录",
+    "duration": "执行时长",
+    "completedAt": "完成时间",
+    "startedAt": "开始时间",
+    "clickToCopy": "点击复制",
+    "unnamedTask": "未命名任务",
+    "unknown": "未知",
+    "unknownTime": "未知时间",
+    "clearHistoryConfirm": "确定要清空所有任务历史记录吗？",
+    "cancelTaskFailed": "取消任务失败",
+    "copiedToast": "已复制!",
+    "cancelling": "取消中...",
+    "enterTaskPrompt": "请输入至少一个任务",
+    "noValidTask": "没有有效的任务",
+    "createBatchQueueFailed": "创建批量任务队列失败",
+    "noBatchQueues": "当前没有批量任务队列",
+    "recentCompletedTasks": "最近完成的任务（最近24小时）",
+    "clearHistory": "清空历史",
+    "cancelTask": "取消任务",
+    "viewConversation": "查看对话",
+    "conversationIdLabel": "对话ID",
+    "statusPending": "待执行",
+    "statusPaused": "已暂停",
+    "confirmCancelTasks": "确定要取消 {{n}} 个任务吗？",
+    "batchCancelResultPartial": "批量取消完成：成功 {{success}} 个，失败 {{fail}} 个",
+    "batchCancelResultSuccess": "成功取消 {{n}} 个任务",
+    "taskCount": "共 {{count}} 个任务",
+    "queueIdLabel": "队列ID",
+    "createdTimeLabel": "创建时间",
+    "totalLabel": "总计",
+    "pendingLabel": "待执行",
+    "runningLabel": "执行中",
+    "completedLabel": "已完成",
+    "failedLabel": "失败",
+    "cancelledLabel": "已取消",
+    "loadingTasks": "加载中...",
+    "loadFailedRetry": "加载失败",
+    "loadTaskListFailed": "获取任务列表失败",
+    "getQueueDetailFailed": "获取队列详情失败",
+    "startBatchQueueFailed": "启动批量任务失败",
+    "pauseQueueFailed": "暂停批量任务失败",
+    "pauseQueueConfirm": "确定要暂停这个批量任务队列吗？当前正在执行的任务将被停止，后续任务将保留待执行状态。",
+    "deleteQueueConfirm": "确定要删除这个批量任务队列吗？此操作不可恢复。",
+    "deleteQueueFailed": "删除批量任务队列失败",
+    "batchQueueTitle": "批量任务队列",
+    "resumeExecute": "继续执行",
+    "taskIncomplete": "任务信息不完整",
+    "cannotGetTaskMessageInput": "无法获取任务消息输入框",
+    "taskMessageRequired": "任务消息不能为空",
+    "saveTaskFailed": "保存任务失败",
+    "queueInfoMissing": "队列信息不存在",
+    "addTaskFailed": "添加任务失败",
+    "confirmDeleteTask": "确定要删除这个任务吗？\n\n任务内容: {{message}}\n\n此操作不可恢复。",
+    "deleteTaskFailed": "删除任务失败",
+    "paginationShow": "显示 {{start}}-{{end}} / 共 {{total}} 条",
+    "paginationPerPage": "每页显示",
+    "paginationFirst": "首页",
+    "paginationPrev": "上一页",
+    "paginationNext": "下一页",
+    "paginationLast": "末页",
+    "paginationPage": "第 {{current}} / {{total}} 页",
+    "deleteQueue": "删除队列",
+    "retry": "重试",
+    "noMatchingTasks": "当前没有符合条件的任务",
+    "updateTaskFailed": "更新任务失败",
+    "durationSeconds": "秒",
+    "durationMinutes": "分",
+    "durationHours": "小时"
+  },
+  "infoCollect": {
+    "enterFofaQuery": "请输入 FOFA 查询语法",
+    "querying": "查询中...",
+    "queryFailed": "查询失败",
+    "enterNaturalLanguage": "请输入自然语言描述",
+    "cancelParse": "取消解析",
+    "clickToCancelParse": "点击取消 AI 解析",
+    "parseToFofa": "将自然语言解析为 FOFA 查询语法",
+    "parseResultEmpty": "解析结果为空：请在弹窗中补充/修改 FOFA 查询语法",
+    "queryPlaceholder": "例如：app=\"Apache\" && country=\"CN\"",
+    "selectAll": "全选/全不选",
+    "selectRow": "选择该行",
+    "copyTarget": "复制目标",
+    "sendToChat": "发送到对话（可编辑；Ctrl/⌘+点击可直接发送）",
+    "noTargetToCopy": "没有可复制的目标",
+    "targetCopied": "已复制目标",
+    "manualCopyHint": "复制失败，请手动复制：",
+    "cannotInferTarget": "无法从该行推断扫描目标（建议在 fields 中包含 host/ip/port/domain）",
+    "noSendMessage": "未找到 sendMessage()，请刷新页面后重试",
+    "filledToInput": "已填入对话输入框，可编辑后发送",
+    "noExportResult": "暂无可导出的结果",
+    "xlsxNotLoaded": "未加载 XLSX 库，请刷新页面后重试",
+    "noResults": "暂无结果",
+    "selectRowsFirst": "请先勾选需要扫描的行",
+    "noScanTarget": "未能从所选行推断任何可扫描目标（建议 fields 中包含 host/ip/port/domain）",
+    "batchScanFailed": "批量扫描失败",
+    "batchQueueCreated": "已创建批量扫描队列",
+    "field": "字段",
+    "parsePending": "AI 解析中...",
+    "parsePendingClickCancel": "AI 解析中...（点击按钮可取消）",
+    "parseSlow": "AI 解析耗时较长，仍在处理中…",
+    "parseDone": "AI 解析完成",
+    "parseCancelled": "已取消 AI 解析",
+    "parseFailed": "AI 解析失败：",
+    "parseResultTitle": "AI 解析结果",
+    "naturalLanguageLabel": "自然语言",
+    "fofaQueryEditable": "FOFA 查询语法（可编辑）",
+    "confirmBeforeQuery": "请人工确认语法与范围无误后再执行查询。",
+    "reminder": "提醒",
+    "explanation": "解析说明",
+    "actions": "操作",
+    "batchScanTitle": "FOFA 批量扫描",
+    "queueCreatedSkipped": "已创建队列（跳过 {{n}} 条无目标行）",
+    "createQueueFailed": "创建批量队列失败",
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "none": "无",
+    "truncated": "已截断",
+    "resultsMeta": "共 {{total}} 条 · 本页 {{count}} 条 · page={{page}} · size={{size}}",
+    "parseModalCancel": "取消",
+    "parseModalApply": "填入查询框",
+    "parseModalApplyRun": "填入并查询"
+  },
+  "vulnerability": {
+    "title": "漏洞管理",
+    "addVuln": "添加漏洞",
+    "editVuln": "编辑漏洞",
+    "loadFailed": "加载漏洞失败",
+    "deleteConfirm": "确定要删除此漏洞吗？"
+  },
+  "mcp": {
+    "monitorTitle": "MCP 状态监控",
+    "execStats": "执行统计",
+    "latestExecutions": "最新执行记录",
+    "toolSearch": "工具搜索",
+    "toolSearchPlaceholder": "输入工具名称...",
+    "statusFilter": "状态筛选",
+    "filterAll": "全部",
+    "selectedCount": "已选择 {{count}} 项",
+    "selectAll": "全选",
+    "deselectAll": "全不选",
+    "deleteSelected": "批量删除",
+    "deleteExecConfirm": "确定要删除此执行记录吗？",
+    "batchDeleteFailed": "批量删除执行记录失败",
+    "managementTitle": "MCP 管理",
+    "addExternal": "添加外部MCP",
+    "toolConfig": "MCP 工具配置",
+    "saveToolConfig": "保存工具配置",
+    "externalConfig": "外部 MCP 配置",
+    "loadingTools": "正在加载工具列表...",
+    "loadToolsTimeout": "加载工具列表超时，可能是外部MCP连接较慢。请点击\"刷新\"按钮重试，或检查外部MCP连接状态。",
+    "loadToolsFailed": "加载工具列表失败",
+    "noTools": "暂无工具",
+    "externalBadge": "外部",
+    "externalFrom": "外部 ({{name}})",
+    "externalToolFrom": "外部MCP工具 - 来源：{{name}}",
+    "noDescription": "无描述",
+    "paginationInfo": "显示 {{start}}-{{end}} / 共 {{total}} 个工具",
+    "perPage": "每页:",
+    "firstPage": "首页",
+    "prevPage": "上一页",
+    "nextPage": "下一页",
+    "lastPage": "末页",
+    "pageInfo": "第 {{page}} / {{total}} 页",
+    "currentPageEnabled": "当前页已启用",
+    "totalEnabled": "总计已启用",
+    "toolsConfigSaved": "工具配置已成功保存！",
+    "saveToolsConfigFailed": "保存工具配置失败",
+    "getConfigFailed": "获取配置失败",
+    "noExternalMCP": "暂无外部MCP配置",
+    "clickToAddExternal": "点击\"添加外部MCP\"按钮开始配置",
+    "connected": "已连接",
+    "connecting": "连接中...",
+    "connectionFailed": "连接失败",
+    "disabled": "已禁用",
+    "disconnected": "未连接",
+    "stopConnection": "停止连接",
+    "startConnection": "启动连接",
+    "stop": "停止",
+    "start": "启动",
+    "editConfig": "编辑配置",
+    "deleteConfig": "删除配置",
+    "transportMode": "传输模式",
+    "toolCount": "工具数量",
+    "description": "描述",
+    "timeout": "超时时间",
+    "command": "命令",
+    "addExternalMCP": "添加外部MCP",
+    "editExternalMCP": "编辑外部MCP",
+    "jsonEmpty": "JSON不能为空",
+    "jsonError": "JSON格式错误",
+    "configMustBeObject": "配置错误: 必须是JSON对象格式，key为配置名称，value为配置内容",
+    "configNeedOne": "配置错误: 至少需要一个配置项",
+    "configNameEmpty": "配置错误: 配置名称不能为空",
+    "configMustBeObj": "配置错误: \"{{name}}\" 的配置必须是对象",
+    "configNeedCommand": "配置错误: \"{{name}}\" 需要指定command（stdio模式）或url（http/sse模式）",
+    "configStdioNeedCommand": "配置错误: \"{{name}}\" stdio模式需要command字段",
+    "configHttpNeedUrl": "配置错误: \"{{name}}\" http模式需要url字段",
+    "configSseNeedUrl": "配置错误: \"{{name}}\" sse模式需要url字段",
+    "saveSuccess": "保存成功",
+    "deleteSuccess": "删除成功",
+    "deleteExternalConfirm": "确定要删除外部MCP \"{{name}}\" 吗？",
+    "operationFailed": "操作失败",
+    "connectionFailedCheck": "连接失败，请检查配置和网络连接",
+    "connectionTimeout": "连接超时，请检查配置和网络连接",
+    "totalCount": "总数",
+    "enabledCount": "已启用",
+    "disabledCount": "已停用",
+    "connectedCount": "已连接"
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "title": "系统设置",
+    "nav": {
+      "basic": "基本设置",
+      "robots": "机器人设置",
+      "terminal": "终端",
+      "security": "安全设置"
+    },
+    "robots": {
+      "title": "机器人设置",
+      "description": "配置企业微信、钉钉、飞书等机器人，在手机端直接与 CyberStrikeAI 对话，无需在服务器上打开网页。",
+      "wecom": {
+        "title": "企业微信",
+        "enabled": "启用企业微信机器人"
+      },
+      "dingtalk": {
+        "title": "钉钉",
+        "enabled": "启用钉钉机器人"
+      },
+      "lark": {
+        "title": "飞书 (Lark)",
+        "enabled": "启用飞书机器人"
+      }
+    },
+    "apply": {
+      "button": "应用配置",
+      "loadFailed": "加载配置失败",
+      "fillRequired": "请填写所有必填字段（标记为 * 的字段）",
+      "applyFailed": "应用配置失败",
+      "applySuccess": "配置已成功应用！"
+    },
+    "security": {
+      "changePassword": "修改密码",
+      "fillPasswordHint": "请正确填写当前密码和新密码，新密码至少 8 位且需要两次输入一致。",
+      "changePasswordFailed": "修改密码失败",
+      "passwordUpdated": "密码已更新，请使用新密码重新登录。"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "sessionExpired": "认证已过期，请重新登录",
+    "unauthorized": "未授权访问",
+    "enterPassword": "请输入密码",
+    "loginFailedCheck": "登录失败，请检查密码",
+    "loginFailedRetry": "登录失败，请稍后重试",
+    "loggedOut": "已退出登录"
+  },
+  "knowledge": {
+    "title": "知识管理",
+    "retrievalLogs": "检索历史",
+    "totalItems": "总知识项",
+    "categories": "分类数",
+    "addKnowledge": "添加知识",
+    "rebuildIndex": "重建索引",
+    "rebuildIndexConfirm": "确定要重建索引吗？",
+    "deleteItemConfirm": "确定要删除这个知识项吗？",
+    "notEnabledTitle": "知识库功能未启用",
+    "notEnabledHint": "请前往系统设置启用知识检索功能",
+    "goToSettings": "前往设置"
+  },
+  "roles": {
+    "title": "角色管理",
+    "createRole": "创建角色",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "搜索角色...",
+    "deleteConfirm": "确定要删除角色..."
+  },
+  "skills": {
+    "title": "Skills管理",
+    "monitorTitle": "Skills状态监控",
+    "createSkill": "创建Skill",
+    "callStats": "调用统计",
+    "addSkill": "添加Skill",
+    "editSkill": "编辑Skill",
+    "loadListFailed": "加载skills列表失败",
+    "noSkills": "暂无skills，点击\"创建Skill\"创建第一个skill",
+    "noMatch": "没有找到匹配的skills",
+    "searchFailed": "搜索失败",
+    "refreshed": "已刷新",
+    "loadDetailFailed": "加载skill详情失败",
+    "viewFailed": "查看skill失败",
+    "saving": "保存中...",
+    "saveFailed": "保存skill失败",
+    "deleteFailed": "删除skill失败",
+    "loadStatsFailed": "加载skills监控数据失败",
+    "clearStatsConfirm": "确定要清空所有Skills统计数据吗？此操作不可恢复。",
+    "statsCleared": "已清空所有Skills统计数据",
+    "clearStatsFailed": "清空统计数据失败"
+  },
+  "apiDocs": {
+    "curlCopied": "curl命令已复制到剪贴板！"
+  },
+  "chatGroup": {
+    "search": "搜索",
+    "edit": "编辑",
+    "delete": "删除",
+    "clearSearch": "清除搜索",
+    "searchInGroupPlaceholder": "搜索分组中的对话...",
+    "attackChain": "攻击链",
+    "viewAttackChain": "查看攻击链",
+    "selectRole": "选择角色",
+    "close": "关闭",
+    "selectFile": "选择文件",
+    "uploadFile": "上传文件（可多选或拖拽到此处）",
+    "send": "发送",
+    "rolePanelTitle": "选择角色",
+    "copyMessage": "复制消息内容",
+    "remove": "移除"
+  },
+  "mcpMonitor": {
+    "deselectAll": "取消全选",
+    "statusPending": "等待中",
+    "statusCompleted": "已完成",
+    "statusRunning": "执行中",
+    "statusFailed": "失败",
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "noStatsData": "暂无统计数据",
+    "noExecutions": "暂无执行记录",
+    "noRecordsWithFilter": "当前筛选条件下暂无记录",
+    "paginationInfo": "显示 {{start}}-{{end}} / 共 {{total}} 条记录",
+    "perPageLabel": "每页显示",
+    "loadStatsError": "无法加载统计信息",
+    "loadExecutionsError": "无法加载执行记录",
+    "totalCalls": "总调用次数",
+    "successFailed": "成功 {{success}} / 失败 {{failed}}",
+    "successRate": "成功率",
+    "statsFromAllTools": "统计自全部工具调用",
+    "lastCall": "最近一次调用",
+    "lastRefreshTime": "最后刷新时间",
+    "noCallsYet": "暂无调用",
+    "unknownTool": "未知工具",
+    "successFailedRate": "成功 {{success}} / 失败 {{failed}} · 成功率 {{rate}}%",
+    "columnTool": "工具",
+    "columnStatus": "状态",
+    "columnStartTime": "开始时间",
+    "columnDuration": "耗时",
+    "columnActions": "操作",
+    "viewDetail": "查看详情",
+    "delete": "删除",
+    "deleteExecTitle": "删除此执行记录",
+    "deleteExecConfirmSingle": "确定要删除此执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。",
+    "deleteExecFailed": "删除执行记录失败",
+    "execDeleted": "执行记录已删除",
+    "selectExecFirst": "请先选择要删除的执行记录",
+    "batchDeleteConfirm": "确定要删除选中的 {{count}} 条执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。",
+    "batchDeleteSuccess": "成功删除 {{count}} 条执行记录",
+    "unknown": "未知",
+    "durationSeconds": "{{n}} 秒",
+    "durationMinutes": "{{minutes}} 分 {{seconds}} 秒",
+    "durationMinutesOnly": "{{minutes}} 分",
+    "durationHours": "{{hours}} 小时 {{minutes}} 分",
+    "durationHoursOnly": "{{hours}} 小时"
+  },
+  "knowledgePage": {
+    "totalContent": "总内容",
+    "categoryFilter": "分类筛选",
+    "all": "全部",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "搜索知识...",
+    "loading": "加载中..."
+  },
+  "retrievalLogs": {
+    "totalRetrievals": "总检索次数",
+    "successRetrievals": "成功检索",
+    "successRate": "成功率",
+    "retrievedItems": "检索到知识项",
+    "conversationId": "对话ID",
+    "messageId": "消息ID",
+    "filter": "筛选",
+    "optionalConversation": "可选：筛选特定对话",
+    "optionalMessage": "可选：筛选特定消息",
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "noRecords": "暂无检索记录",
+    "noQuery": "无查询内容",
+    "itemsUnit": "项",
+    "hasResults": "有结果",
+    "noResults": "无结果",
+    "clickToCopy": "点击复制",
+    "retrievalResult": "检索结果",
+    "foundCount": "找到 {{count}} 个相关知识项",
+    "foundUnknown": "找到相关知识项（数量未知）",
+    "noMatch": "未找到匹配的知识项",
+    "retrievedItemsLabel": "检索到的知识项:",
+    "viewDetails": "查看详情",
+    "loadError": "加载检索日志失败",
+    "detailError": "无法获取检索详情",
+    "deleteError": "删除检索日志失败",
+    "detailsTitle": "检索详情",
+    "queryInfo": "查询信息",
+    "queryContent": "查询内容:",
+    "retrievalInfo": "检索信息",
+    "riskType": "风险类型",
+    "retrievalTime": "检索时间",
+    "noItemDetails": "未找到知识项详情",
+    "noContentPreview": "无内容预览",
+    "untitled": "未命名",
+    "uncategorized": "未分类",
+    "relatedInfo": "关联信息",
+    "itemsCount": "{{count}} 个知识项",
+    "deleteConfirm": "确定要删除这条检索记录吗？"
+  },
+  "infoCollectPage": {
+    "title": "信息收集",
+    "reset": "重置",
+    "confirm": "确定",
+    "fofaQuerySyntax": "FOFA 查询语法",
+    "naturalLanguage": "自然语言（AI 解析为 FOFA 语法）",
+    "returnCount": "返回数量",
+    "pageNum": "页码",
+    "returnFields": "返回字段名（逗号分隔）",
+    "queryResults": "查询结果",
+    "selectedRows": "已选择 {{count}} 条",
+    "selectedRowsZero": "已选择 0 条",
+    "columns": "列",
+    "exportCsv": "导出 CSV",
+    "exportJson": "导出 JSON",
+    "exportXlsx": "导出 XLSX",
+    "batchScan": "批量扫描",
+    "showColumns": "显示字段",
+    "columnsPanelAll": "全选",
+    "columnsPanelNone": "全不选",
+    "columnsPanelClose": "关闭",
+    "formHint": "查询语法参考 FOFA 文档，支持 && / || / () 等。",
+    "parseBtn": "AI 解析",
+    "parseHint": "解析后会弹窗展示 FOFA 语法（可编辑），确认无误后再填入查询框并执行查询。",
+    "minFields": "最小字段",
+    "webCommon": "Web 常用",
+    "intelEnhanced": "情报增强",
+    "presetApache": "Apache + 中国",
+    "presetLogin": "登录页 + 中国",
+    "presetDomain": "指定域名",
+    "presetIp": "指定 IP",
+    "nlPlaceholder": "例如：找美国 Missouri 的 Apache 站点，标题包含 Home",
+    "showHideColumns": "显示/隐藏字段",
+    "exportCsvTitle": "导出当前结果为 CSV（UTF-8，兼容中文）",
+    "exportJsonTitle": "导出当前结果为 JSON",
+    "exportXlsxTitle": "导出当前结果为 Excel",
+    "batchScanTitle": "将所选行创建为批量任务队列"
+  },
+  "vulnerabilityPage": {
+    "statTotal": "总漏洞数",
+    "filter": "筛选",
+    "clear": "清除",
+    "vulnId": "漏洞ID",
+    "conversationId": "会话ID",
+    "severity": "严重程度",
+    "status": "状态",
+    "statusOpen": "待处理",
+    "statusConfirmed": "已确认",
+    "statusFixed": "已修复",
+    "statusFalsePositive": "误报",
+    "searchVulnId": "搜索漏洞ID",
+    "filterConversation": "筛选特定会话",
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "noRecords": "暂无漏洞记录"
+  },
+  "tasksPage": {
+    "statusFilter": "状态筛选",
+    "statusPending": "待执行",
+    "statusPaused": "已暂停",
+    "statusCancelled": "已取消",
+    "searchQueuePlaceholder": "搜索队列ID、标题或创建时间",
+    "searchKeywordPlaceholder": "输入关键字搜索..."
+  },
+  "skillsPage": {
+    "clearStats": "清空统计",
+    "clearStatsTitle": "清空所有统计数据",
+    "skillsCallStats": "Skills调用统计",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "搜索Skills...",
+    "loading": "加载中..."
+  },
+  "settingsBasic": {
+    "basicTitle": "基本设置",
+    "openaiConfig": "OpenAI 配置",
+    "fofaConfig": "FOFA 配置",
+    "agentConfig": "Agent 配置",
+    "knowledgeConfig": "知识库配置",
+    "baseUrl": "Base URL",
+    "apiKey": "API Key",
+    "model": "模型",
+    "openaiBaseUrlPlaceholder": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+    "openaiApiKeyPlaceholder": "输入OpenAI API Key",
+    "modelPlaceholder": "gpt-4",
+    "fofaBaseUrlPlaceholder": "https://fofa.info/api/v1/search/all（可选）",
+    "fofaBaseUrlHint": "留空则使用默认地址。",
+    "email": "Email",
+    "fofaEmailPlaceholder": "输入 FOFA 账号邮箱",
+    "fofaApiKeyPlaceholder": "输入 FOFA API Key",
+    "fofaApiKeyHint": "仅保存在服务器配置中（`config.yaml`）。",
+    "maxIterations": "最大迭代次数",
+    "iterationsPlaceholder": "30",
+    "enableKnowledge": "启用知识检索功能",
+    "knowledgeBasePath": "知识库路径",
+    "knowledgeBasePathPlaceholder": "knowledge_base",
+    "knowledgeBasePathHint": "相对于配置文件所在目录的路径",
+    "embeddingConfig": "嵌入模型配置",
+    "provider": "提供商",
+    "embeddingBaseUrlPlaceholder": "留空则使用OpenAI配置的base_url",
+    "embeddingApiKeyPlaceholder": "留空则使用OpenAI配置的api_key",
+    "modelName": "模型名称",
+    "embeddingModelPlaceholder": "text-embedding-v4",
+    "retrievalConfig": "检索配置",
+    "topK": "Top-K 结果数量",
+    "topKPlaceholder": "5",
+    "topKHint": "检索返回的Top-K结果数量",
+    "similarityThreshold": "相似度阈值",
+    "similarityPlaceholder": "0.7",
+    "similarityHint": "相似度阈值（0-1），低于此值的结果将被过滤",
+    "hybridWeight": "混合检索权重",
+    "hybridPlaceholder": "0.7",
+    "hybridHint": "向量检索的权重（0-1），1.0表示纯向量检索，0.0表示纯关键词检索",
+    "indexConfig": "索引配置",
+    "chunkSize": "分块大小（Chunk Size）",
+    "chunkSizePlaceholder": "512",
+    "chunkSizeHint": "每个块的最大 token 数（默认 512），长文本会被分割成多个块",
+    "chunkOverlap": "分块重叠（Chunk Overlap）",
+    "chunkOverlapPlaceholder": "50",
+    "chunkOverlapHint": "块之间的重叠 token 数（默认 50），保持上下文连贯性",
+    "maxChunksPerItem": "单个知识项最大块数",
+    "maxChunksPlaceholder": "0",
+    "maxChunksHint": "单个知识项的最大块数量（0 表示不限制），防止单个文件消耗过多 API 配额",
+    "maxRpm": "每分钟最大请求数（Max RPM）",
+    "maxRpmPlaceholder": "0",
+    "maxRpmHint": "每分钟最大请求数（默认 0 表示不限制），如 OpenAI 默认 200 RPM",
+    "rateLimitDelay": "请求间隔延迟（毫秒）",
+    "rateLimitPlaceholder": "300",
+    "rateLimitHint": "请求间隔毫秒数（默认 300），用于避免 API 速率限制，设为 0 不限制",
+    "maxRetries": "最大重试次数",
+    "maxRetriesPlaceholder": "3",
+    "maxRetriesHint": "最大重试次数（默认 3），遇到速率限制或服务器错误时自动重试",
+    "retryDelay": "重试间隔（毫秒）",
+    "retryDelayPlaceholder": "1000",
+    "retryDelayHint": "重试间隔毫秒数（默认 1000），每次重试会递增延迟"
+  },
+  "settingsTerminal": {
+    "title": "终端",
+    "description": "在服务器上执行命令，便于运维与调试。命令在服务端执行，请勿执行敏感或破坏性操作。",
+    "terminalTab": "终端 {{n}}",
+    "close": "关闭",
+    "newTerminal": "新终端"
+  },
+  "settingsSecurity": {
+    "changePasswordTitle": "修改密码",
+    "changePasswordDesc": "修改登录密码后，需要使用新密码重新登录。",
+    "currentPassword": "当前密码",
+    "currentPasswordPlaceholder": "输入当前登录密码",
+    "newPassword": "新密码",
+    "newPasswordPlaceholder": "设置新密码（至少 8 位）",
+    "confirmPassword": "确认新密码",
+    "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "再次输入新密码",
+    "clear": "清空",
+    "changePasswordBtn": "修改密码"
+  },
+  "settingsRobotsExtra": {
+    "botCommandsTitle": "机器人命令说明",
+    "botCommandsDesc": "在对话中可发送以下命令（支持中英文）："
+  },
+  "mcpDetailModal": {
+    "title": "工具调用详情",
+    "execInfo": "执行信息",
+    "tool": "工具",
+    "status": "状态",
+    "time": "时间",
+    "executionId": "执行 ID",
+    "requestParams": "请求参数",
+    "copyJson": "复制 JSON",
+    "responseResult": "响应结果",
+    "copyContent": "复制内容",
+    "correctInfo": "正确信息",
+    "errorInfo": "错误信息",
+    "copyError": "复制错误"
+  },
+  "attackChainModal": {
+    "title": "攻击链可视化",
+    "regenerate": "重新生成",
+    "regenerateTitle": "重新生成攻击链（包含最新对话内容）",
+    "exportPng": "导出为PNG",
+    "exportSvg": "导出为SVG",
+    "refreshTitle": "刷新当前攻击链（不重新生成）",
+    "nodesEdges": "节点: {{nodes}} | 边: {{edges}}",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "搜索节点...",
+    "allTypes": "所有类型",
+    "target": "目标",
+    "action": "行动",
+    "vulnerability": "漏洞",
+    "allRisks": "所有风险",
+    "highRisk": "高风险 (80-100)",
+    "mediumHighRisk": "中高风险 (60-79)",
+    "mediumRisk": "中风险 (40-59)",
+    "lowRisk": "低风险 (0-39)",
+    "resetFilter": "重置筛选",
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "riskLevel": "风险等级",
+    "lineMeaning": "连接线含义",
+    "blueLine": "蓝色线：行动发现漏洞",
+    "redLine": "红色线：使能/促成关系",
+    "grayLine": "灰色线：逻辑顺序",
+    "nodeDetails": "节点详情",
+    "closeDetails": "关闭详情"
+  },
+  "externalMcpModal": {
+    "configJson": "配置JSON",
+    "formatLabel": "配置格式：",
+    "formatDesc": "JSON对象，key为配置名称，value为配置内容。状态通过\"启动/停止\"按钮控制，无需在JSON中配置。",
+    "formatJson": "格式化JSON",
+    "loadExample": "加载示例"
+  },
+  "skillModal": {
+    "addSkill": "添加Skill",
+    "editSkill": "编辑Skill",
+    "skillName": "Skill名称",
+    "skillNamePlaceholder": "例如: sql-injection-testing",
+    "skillNameHint": "只能包含字母、数字、连字符和下划线",
+    "description": "描述",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "Skill的简短描述",
+    "contentLabel": "内容（Markdown格式）",
+    "contentPlaceholder": "输入skill内容，支持Markdown格式...",
+    "contentHint": "支持YAML front matter格式（可选）"
+  },
+  "knowledgeItemModal": {
+    "addKnowledge": "添加知识",
+    "editKnowledge": "编辑知识",
+    "category": "分类（风险类型）",
+    "categoryPlaceholder": "例如：SQL注入",
+    "title": "标题",
+    "titlePlaceholder": "知识项标题",
+    "contentLabel": "内容（Markdown格式）",
+    "contentPlaceholder": "输入知识内容，支持Markdown格式..."
+  },
+  "batchManageModal": {
+    "title": "管理对话记录·共{{count}}条",
+    "searchPlaceholder": "搜索历史记录",
+    "conversationName": "对话名称",
+    "lastTime": "最近一次对话时间",
+    "action": "操作",
+    "selectAll": "全选",
+    "deleteSelected": "删除所选",
+    "confirmDeleteNone": "请先选择要删除的对话",
+    "confirmDeleteN": "确定要删除选中的 {{count}} 条对话吗？",
+    "deleteFailed": "删除失败",
+    "unnamedConversation": "未命名对话"
+  },
+  "createGroupModal": {
+    "title": "创建分组",
+    "description": "分组功能可将对话集中归类管理，让对话更加井然有序。",
+    "selectIcon": "点击选择图标",
+    "groupNamePlaceholder": "请输入分组名称",
+    "pickIcon": "选择图标",
+    "customIcon": "自定义",
+    "confirmIcon": "确定",
+    "create": "创建",
+    "cancel": "取消",
+    "suggestionPenetrationTest": "渗透测试",
+    "suggestionCtf": "CTF",
+    "suggestionRedTeam": "红队",
+    "suggestionVulnerabilityMining": "漏洞挖掘",
+    "nameExists": "分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称",
+    "createFailed": "创建失败",
+    "unknownError": "未知错误"
+  },
+  "contextMenu": {
+    "viewAttackChain": "查看攻击链",
+    "rename": "重命名",
+    "pinConversation": "置顶此对话",
+    "unpinConversation": "取消置顶",
+    "batchManage": "批量管理",
+    "moveToGroup": "移动到分组",
+    "deleteConversation": "删除此对话",
+    "pinGroup": "置顶此分组",
+    "unpinGroup": "取消置顶",
+    "deleteGroup": "删除此分组"
+  },
+  "batchImportModal": {
+    "title": "新建任务",
+    "queueTitle": "任务标题",
+    "queueTitlePlaceholder": "请输入任务标题（可选，用于标识和筛选）",
+    "queueTitleHint": "为批量任务队列设置一个标题，方便后续查找和管理。",
+    "role": "角色",
+    "defaultRole": "默认",
+    "roleHint": "选择一个角色，所有任务将使用该角色的配置（提示词和工具）执行。",
+    "tasksList": "任务列表（每行一个任务）",
+    "tasksListPlaceholder": "请输入任务列表，每行一个任务",
+    "tasksListPlaceholderExample": "请输入任务列表，每行一个任务，例如：\n扫描 192.168.1.1 的开放端口\n检查 https://example.com 是否存在SQL注入\n枚举 example.com 的子域名",
+    "tasksListHint": "每行输入一个任务指令，系统将依次执行这些任务。空行会被自动忽略。",
+    "tasksListHintFull": "提示：每行输入一个任务指令，系统将依次执行这些任务。空行会被自动忽略。",
+    "createQueue": "创建队列"
+  },
+  "batchQueueDetailModal": {
+    "title": "批量任务队列详情",
+    "addTask": "添加任务",
+    "startExecute": "开始执行",
+    "pauseQueue": "暂停队列",
+    "deleteQueue": "删除队列",
+    "queueTitle": "任务标题",
+    "role": "角色",
+    "defaultRole": "默认",
+    "queueId": "队列ID",
+    "status": "状态",
+    "createdAt": "创建时间",
+    "startedAt": "开始时间",
+    "completedAt": "完成时间",
+    "taskTotal": "任务总数",
+    "taskList": "任务列表",
+    "startLabel": "开始",
+    "completeLabel": "完成",
+    "errorLabel": "错误",
+    "resultLabel": "结果"
+  },
+  "editBatchTaskModal": {
+    "title": "编辑任务",
+    "taskMessage": "任务消息",
+    "taskMessagePlaceholder": "请输入任务消息"
+  },
+  "addBatchTaskModal": {
+    "title": "添加任务",
+    "taskMessage": "任务消息",
+    "taskMessagePlaceholder": "请输入任务消息",
+    "add": "添加"
+  },
+  "vulnerabilityModal": {
+    "conversationId": "会话ID",
+    "conversationIdPlaceholder": "输入会话ID",
+    "title": "标题",
+    "titlePlaceholder": "漏洞标题",
+    "description": "描述",
+    "descriptionPlaceholder": "漏洞详细描述",
+    "severity": "严重程度",
+    "pleaseSelect": "请选择",
+    "severityCritical": "严重",
+    "severityHigh": "高危",
+    "severityMedium": "中危",
+    "severityLow": "低危",
+    "severityInfo": "信息",
+    "status": "状态",
+    "statusOpen": "待处理",
+    "statusConfirmed": "已确认",
+    "statusFixed": "已修复",
+    "statusFalsePositive": "误报",
+    "type": "漏洞类型",
+    "typePlaceholder": "如：SQL注入、XSS、CSRF等",
+    "target": "目标",
+    "targetPlaceholder": "受影响的目标（URL、IP地址等）",
+    "proof": "证明（POC）",
+    "proofPlaceholder": "漏洞证明，如请求/响应、截图等",
+    "impact": "影响",
+    "impactPlaceholder": "漏洞影响说明",
+    "recommendation": "修复建议",
+    "recommendationPlaceholder": "修复建议"
+  },
+  "roleModal": {
+    "addRole": "添加角色",
+    "editRole": "编辑角色",
+    "roleName": "角色名称",
+    "roleNamePlaceholder": "输入角色名称",
+    "roleDescription": "角色描述",
+    "roleDescriptionPlaceholder": "输入角色描述",
+    "roleIcon": "角色图标",
+    "roleIconPlaceholder": "输入emoji图标，例如: 🏆",
+    "roleIconHint": "输入一个emoji作为角色的图标，将显示在角色选择器中。",
+    "userPrompt": "用户提示词",
+    "userPromptPlaceholder": "输入用户提示词，会在用户消息前追加此提示词...",
+    "userPromptHint": "此提示词会追加到用户消息前，用于指导AI的行为。注意：这不会修改系统提示词。",
+    "relatedTools": "关联的工具（可选）",
+    "defaultRoleToolsTitle": "默认角色使用所有工具",
+    "defaultRoleToolsDesc": "默认角色会自动使用MCP管理中启用的所有工具，无需单独配置。",
+    "searchToolsPlaceholder": "搜索工具...",
+    "loadingTools": "正在加载工具列表...",
+    "relatedToolsHint": "勾选要关联的工具，留空则使用MCP管理中的全部工具配置。",
+    "relatedSkills": "关联的Skills（可选）",
+    "searchSkillsPlaceholder": "搜索skill...",
+    "loadingSkills": "正在加载skills列表...",
+    "relatedSkillsHint": "勾选要关联的skills，这些skills的内容会在执行任务前注入到系统提示词中，帮助AI更好地理解相关专业知识。",
+    "enableRole": "启用此角色"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/static/js/auth.js b/web/static/js/auth.js
index ab0495f4..4d607b04 100644
--- a/web/static/js/auth.js
+++ b/web/static/js/auth.js
@@ -123,12 +123,20 @@ async function ensureAuthenticated() {
     return true;
 }
 
-function handleUnauthorized({ message = '认证已过期，请重新登录', silent = false } = {}) {
+function handleUnauthorized({ message = null, silent = false } = {}) {
     clearAuthStorage();
     authPromise = null;
     authPromiseResolvers = [];
+    let finalMessage = message;
+    if (!finalMessage) {
+        if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+            finalMessage = window.t('auth.sessionExpired');
+        } else {
+            finalMessage = '认证已过期，请重新登录';
+        }
+    }
     if (!silent) {
-        showLoginOverlay(message);
+        showLoginOverlay(finalMessage);
     } else {
         showLoginOverlay();
     }
@@ -147,7 +155,10 @@ async function apiFetch(url, options = {}) {
     const response = await fetch(url, opts);
     if (response.status === 401) {
         handleUnauthorized();
-        throw new Error('未授权访问');
+        const msg = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+            ? window.t('auth.unauthorized')
+            : '未授权访问';
+        throw new Error(msg);
     }
     return response;
 }
@@ -165,7 +176,10 @@ async function submitLogin(event) {
     const password = passwordInput.value.trim();
     if (!password) {
         if (errorBox) {
-            errorBox.textContent = '请输入密码';
+            const msgEmpty = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                ? window.t('auth.enterPassword')
+                : '请输入密码';
+            errorBox.textContent = msgEmpty;
             errorBox.style.display = 'block';
         }
         return;
@@ -186,7 +200,10 @@ async function submitLogin(event) {
         const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
         if (!response.ok || !result.token) {
             if (errorBox) {
-                errorBox.textContent = result.error || '登录失败，请检查密码';
+                const fallback = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                    ? window.t('auth.loginFailedCheck')
+                    : '登录失败，请检查密码';
+                errorBox.textContent = result.error || fallback;
                 errorBox.style.display = 'block';
             }
             return;
@@ -203,7 +220,10 @@ async function submitLogin(event) {
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('登录失败:', error);
         if (errorBox) {
-            errorBox.textContent = '登录失败，请稍后重试';
+            const fallback = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                ? window.t('auth.loginFailedRetry')
+                : '登录失败，请稍后重试';
+            errorBox.textContent = fallback;
             errorBox.style.display = 'block';
         }
     } finally {
@@ -375,7 +395,7 @@ async function logout() {
         // 无论如何都清除本地认证信息
         clearAuthStorage();
         hideLoginOverlay();
-        showLoginOverlay('已退出登录');
+        showLoginOverlay(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('auth.loggedOut') : '已退出登录');
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/web/static/js/chat.js b/web/static/js/chat.js
index 132053fd..10df6d75 100644
--- a/web/static/js/chat.js
+++ b/web/static/js/chat.js
@@ -44,10 +44,15 @@ function saveChatDraftDebounced(content) {
 // 保存输入框草稿到localStorage
 function saveChatDraft(content) {
     try {
-        if (content && content.trim().length > 0) {
+        const chatInput = document.getElementById('chat-input');
+        const placeholderText = chatInput ? (chatInput.getAttribute('placeholder') || '').trim() : '';
+        const trimmed = (content || '').trim();
+
+        // 不要把占位提示本身当作草稿保存
+        if (trimmed && (!placeholderText || trimmed !== placeholderText)) {
             localStorage.setItem(DRAFT_STORAGE_KEY, content);
         } else {
-            // 如果内容为空，清除保存的草稿
+            // 如果内容为空或等于占位提示，清除保存的草稿
             localStorage.removeItem(DRAFT_STORAGE_KEY);
         }
     } catch (error) {
@@ -63,17 +68,27 @@ function restoreChatDraft() {
         if (!chatInput) {
             return;
         }
-        
+        const placeholderText = (chatInput.getAttribute('placeholder') || '').trim();
+        // 若当前 value 与 placeholder 相同，说明提示被误当作内容，清空以便正确显示占位符
+        if (placeholderText && chatInput.value.trim() === placeholderText) {
+            chatInput.value = '';
+        }
         // 如果输入框已有内容，不恢复草稿（避免覆盖用户输入）
         if (chatInput.value && chatInput.value.trim().length > 0) {
             return;
         }
         
         const draft = localStorage.getItem(DRAFT_STORAGE_KEY);
-        if (draft && draft.trim().length > 0) {
+        const trimmedDraft = draft ? draft.trim() : '';
+
+        // 如果草稿内容和占位提示一样，则认为是无效草稿，不恢复
+        if (trimmedDraft && (!placeholderText || trimmedDraft !== placeholderText)) {
             chatInput.value = draft;
             // 调整输入框高度以适应内容
             adjustTextareaHeight(chatInput);
+        } else if (trimmedDraft && placeholderText && trimmedDraft === placeholderText) {
+            // 清理掉无效草稿，避免之后继续干扰
+            localStorage.removeItem(DRAFT_STORAGE_KEY);
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.warn('恢复草稿失败:', error);
@@ -263,7 +278,7 @@ function renderChatFileChips() {
         const remove = document.createElement('button');
         remove.type = 'button';
         remove.className = 'chat-file-chip-remove';
-        remove.title = '移除';
+        remove.title = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chatGroup.remove') : '移除';
         remove.innerHTML = '×';
         remove.setAttribute('aria-label', '移除 ' + a.fileName);
         remove.addEventListener('click', () => removeChatAttachment(i));
@@ -720,14 +735,14 @@ function renderMentionSuggestions({ showLoading = false } = {}) {
     const previousScrollTop = canPreserveScroll ? existingList.scrollTop : 0;
 
     if (showLoading) {
-        mentionSuggestionsEl.innerHTML = '<div class="mention-empty">正在加载工具...</div>';
+        mentionSuggestionsEl.innerHTML = '<div class="mention-empty">' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.loadingTools') : '正在加载工具...') + '</div>';
         mentionSuggestionsEl.style.display = 'block';
         delete mentionSuggestionsEl.dataset.lastMentionQuery;
         return;
     }
 
     if (!mentionFilteredTools.length) {
-        mentionSuggestionsEl.innerHTML = '<div class="mention-empty">没有匹配的工具</div>';
+        mentionSuggestionsEl.innerHTML = '<div class="mention-empty">' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.noMatchTools') : '没有匹配的工具') + '</div>';
         mentionSuggestionsEl.style.display = 'block';
         mentionSuggestionsEl.dataset.lastMentionQuery = currentQuery;
         return;
@@ -937,7 +952,8 @@ function initializeChatUI() {
 
     const messagesDiv = document.getElementById('chat-messages');
     if (messagesDiv && messagesDiv.childElementCount === 0) {
-        addMessage('assistant', '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。');
+        const readyMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.systemReadyMessage') : '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。';
+        addMessage('assistant', readyMsg);
     }
 
     addAttackChainButton(currentConversationId);
@@ -1040,12 +1056,23 @@ function addMessage(role, content, mcpExecutionIds = null, progressId = null, cr
         }
     };
     
+    // 助手消息中的已知中文错误前缀做国际化替换（后端固定返回中文）
+    let displayContent = content;
+    if (role === 'assistant' && typeof displayContent === 'string' && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+        if (displayContent.indexOf('执行失败: ') === 0) {
+            displayContent = window.t('chat.executeFailed') + ': ' + displayContent.slice('执行失败: '.length);
+        }
+        if (displayContent.indexOf('调用OpenAI失败:') !== -1) {
+            displayContent = displayContent.replace(/调用OpenAI失败:/g, window.t('chat.callOpenAIFailed') + ':');
+        }
+    }
+
     // 对于用户消息，直接转义HTML，不进行Markdown解析，以保留所有特殊字符
     if (role === 'user') {
         formattedContent = escapeHtml(content).replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
     } else if (typeof DOMPurify !== 'undefined') {
         // 直接解析Markdown（代码块会被包裹在<code>/<pre>中，DOMPurify会保留其文本内容）
-        let parsedContent = parseMarkdown(content);
+        let parsedContent = parseMarkdown(role === 'assistant' ? displayContent : content);
         if (!parsedContent) {
             parsedContent = content;
         }
@@ -1087,14 +1114,16 @@ function addMessage(role, content, mcpExecutionIds = null, progressId = null, cr
         
         formattedContent = DOMPurify.sanitize(parsedContent, defaultSanitizeConfig);
     } else if (typeof marked !== 'undefined') {
-        const parsedContent = parseMarkdown(content);
+        const rawForParse = role === 'assistant' ? displayContent : content;
+        const parsedContent = parseMarkdown(rawForParse);
         if (parsedContent) {
             formattedContent = parsedContent;
         } else {
-            formattedContent = escapeHtml(content).replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
+            formattedContent = escapeHtml(rawForParse).replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
         }
     } else {
-        formattedContent = escapeHtml(content).replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
+        const rawForEscape = role === 'assistant' ? displayContent : content;
+        formattedContent = escapeHtml(rawForEscape).replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
     }
     
     bubble.innerHTML = formattedContent;
@@ -1129,8 +1158,8 @@ function addMessage(role, content, mcpExecutionIds = null, progressId = null, cr
     if (role === 'assistant') {
         const copyBtn = document.createElement('button');
         copyBtn.className = 'message-copy-btn';
-        copyBtn.innerHTML = '<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/></svg><span>复制</span>';
-        copyBtn.title = '复制消息内容';
+        copyBtn.innerHTML = '<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/></svg><span>' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('common.copy') : '复制') + '</span>';
+        copyBtn.title = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.copyMessageTitle') : '复制消息内容';
         copyBtn.onclick = function(e) {
             e.stopPropagation();
             copyMessageToClipboard(messageDiv, this);
@@ -1169,7 +1198,7 @@ function addMessage(role, content, mcpExecutionIds = null, progressId = null, cr
         
         const mcpLabel = document.createElement('div');
         mcpLabel.className = 'mcp-call-label';
-        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 渗透测试详情';
+        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 ' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.penetrationTestDetail') : '渗透测试详情');
         mcpSection.appendChild(mcpLabel);
         
         const buttonsContainer = document.createElement('div');
@@ -1192,7 +1221,7 @@ function addMessage(role, content, mcpExecutionIds = null, progressId = null, cr
         if (progressId) {
             const progressDetailBtn = document.createElement('button');
             progressDetailBtn.className = 'mcp-detail-btn process-detail-btn';
-            progressDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>展开详情</span>';
+            progressDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.expandDetail') : '展开详情') + '</span>';
             progressDetailBtn.onclick = () => toggleProcessDetails(progressId, messageDiv.id);
             buttonsContainer.appendChild(progressDetailBtn);
             // 存储进度ID到消息元素
@@ -1259,7 +1288,7 @@ function copyMessageToClipboard(messageDiv, button) {
 function showCopySuccess(button) {
     if (button) {
         const originalText = button.innerHTML;
-        button.innerHTML = '<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20 6L9 17l-5-5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/></svg><span>已复制</span>';
+        button.innerHTML = '<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20 6L9 17l-5-5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none"/></svg><span>' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('common.copied') : '已复制') + '</span>';
         button.style.color = '#10b981';
         button.style.background = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1)';
         button.style.borderColor = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3)';
@@ -1301,11 +1330,11 @@ function renderProcessDetails(messageId, processDetails) {
     if (!mcpLabel && !buttonsContainer) {
         mcpLabel = document.createElement('div');
         mcpLabel.className = 'mcp-call-label';
-        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 渗透测试详情';
+        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 ' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.penetrationTestDetail') : '渗透测试详情');
         mcpSection.appendChild(mcpLabel);
-    } else if (mcpLabel && mcpLabel.textContent !== '📋 渗透测试详情') {
+    } else if (mcpLabel && mcpLabel.textContent !== ('📋 ' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.penetrationTestDetail') : '渗透测试详情'))) {
         // 如果标签存在但不是统一格式，更新它
-        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 渗透测试详情';
+        mcpLabel.textContent = '📋 ' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.penetrationTestDetail') : '渗透测试详情');
     }
     
     // 如果没有按钮容器，创建一个
@@ -1320,7 +1349,7 @@ function renderProcessDetails(messageId, processDetails) {
     if (!processDetailBtn) {
         processDetailBtn = document.createElement('button');
         processDetailBtn.className = 'mcp-detail-btn process-detail-btn';
-        processDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>展开详情</span>';
+        processDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.expandDetail') : '展开详情') + '</span>';
         processDetailBtn.onclick = () => toggleProcessDetails(null, messageId);
         buttonsContainer.appendChild(processDetailBtn);
     }
@@ -1360,7 +1389,7 @@ function renderProcessDetails(messageId, processDetails) {
     // 如果没有processDetails或为空，显示空状态
     if (!processDetails || processDetails.length === 0) {
         // 显示空状态提示
-        timeline.innerHTML = '<div class="progress-timeline-empty">暂无过程详情（可能执行过快或未触发详细事件）</div>';
+        timeline.innerHTML = '<div class="progress-timeline-empty">' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.noProcessDetail') : '暂无过程详情（可能执行过快或未触发详细事件）') + '</div>';
         // 默认折叠
         timeline.classList.remove('expanded');
         return;
@@ -1425,7 +1454,7 @@ function renderProcessDetails(messageId, processDetails) {
         // 更新按钮文本为"展开详情"
         const processDetailBtn = messageElement.querySelector('.process-detail-btn');
         if (processDetailBtn) {
-            processDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>展开详情</span>';
+            processDetailBtn.innerHTML = '<span>' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.expandDetail') : '展开详情') + '</span>';
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1679,7 +1708,8 @@ async function startNewConversation() {
     currentConversationId = null;
     currentConversationGroupId = null; // 新对话不属于任何分组
     document.getElementById('chat-messages').innerHTML = '';
-    addMessage('assistant', '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。');
+    const readyMsgNew = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.systemReadyMessage') : '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。';
+    addMessage('assistant', readyMsgNew);
     addAttackChainButton(null);
     updateActiveConversation();
     // 刷新分组列表，清除分组高亮
@@ -2087,7 +2117,8 @@ async function loadConversation(conversationId) {
                 }
             });
         } else {
-            addMessage('assistant', '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。');
+            const readyMsgEmpty = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.systemReadyMessage') : '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。';
+            addMessage('assistant', readyMsgEmpty);
         }
         
         // 滚动到底部
@@ -2127,7 +2158,8 @@ async function deleteConversation(conversationId, skipConfirm = false) {
         if (conversationId === currentConversationId) {
             currentConversationId = null;
             document.getElementById('chat-messages').innerHTML = '';
-            addMessage('assistant', '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。');
+            const readyMsgLoad = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.systemReadyMessage') : '系统已就绪。请输入您的测试需求，系统将自动执行相应的安全测试。';
+            addMessage('assistant', readyMsgLoad);
             addAttackChainButton(null);
         }
         
@@ -4171,13 +4203,13 @@ async function showConversationContextMenu(event) {
                 attackChainMenuItem.style.opacity = '1';
                 attackChainMenuItem.style.cursor = 'pointer';
                 attackChainMenuItem.onclick = showAttackChainFromContext;
-                attackChainMenuItem.title = '查看当前对话的攻击链';
+                attackChainMenuItem.title = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.viewAttackChainCurrentConv') : '查看当前对话的攻击链');
             }
         } else {
             attackChainMenuItem.style.opacity = '0.5';
             attackChainMenuItem.style.cursor = 'not-allowed';
             attackChainMenuItem.onclick = null;
-            attackChainMenuItem.title = '请选择一个对话以查看攻击链';
+            attackChainMenuItem.title = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.viewAttackChainSelectConv') : '请选择一个对话以查看攻击链');
         }
     }
     
@@ -4210,21 +4242,25 @@ async function showConversationContextMenu(event) {
             
             // 更新菜单文本
             const pinMenuText = document.getElementById('pin-conversation-menu-text');
-            if (pinMenuText) {
+            if (pinMenuText && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+                pinMenuText.textContent = isPinned ? window.t('contextMenu.unpinConversation') : window.t('contextMenu.pinConversation');
+            } else if (pinMenuText) {
                 pinMenuText.textContent = isPinned ? '取消置顶' : '置顶此对话';
             }
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('获取对话置顶状态失败:', error);
-            // 如果获取失败，使用默认文本
             const pinMenuText = document.getElementById('pin-conversation-menu-text');
-            if (pinMenuText) {
+            if (pinMenuText && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+                pinMenuText.textContent = window.t('contextMenu.pinConversation');
+            } else if (pinMenuText) {
                 pinMenuText.textContent = '置顶此对话';
             }
         }
     } else {
-        // 如果没有对话ID，使用默认文本
         const pinMenuText = document.getElementById('pin-conversation-menu-text');
-        if (pinMenuText) {
+        if (pinMenuText && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+            pinMenuText.textContent = window.t('contextMenu.pinConversation');
+        } else if (pinMenuText) {
             pinMenuText.textContent = '置顶此对话';
         }
     }
@@ -4333,14 +4369,17 @@ async function showGroupContextMenu(event, groupId) {
         
         // 更新菜单文本
         const pinMenuText = document.getElementById('pin-group-menu-text');
-        if (pinMenuText) {
+        if (pinMenuText && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+            pinMenuText.textContent = isPinned ? window.t('contextMenu.unpinGroup') : window.t('contextMenu.pinGroup');
+        } else if (pinMenuText) {
             pinMenuText.textContent = isPinned ? '取消置顶' : '置顶此分组';
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('获取分组置顶状态失败:', error);
-        // 如果获取失败，使用默认文本
         const pinMenuText = document.getElementById('pin-group-menu-text');
-        if (pinMenuText) {
+        if (pinMenuText && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+            pinMenuText.textContent = window.t('contextMenu.pinGroup');
+        } else if (pinMenuText) {
             pinMenuText.textContent = '置顶此分组';
         }
     }
@@ -4443,7 +4482,9 @@ async function renameConversation() {
         loadConversationsWithGroups();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('重命名对话失败:', error);
-        alert('重命名失败: ' + (error.message || '未知错误'));
+        const failedLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.renameFailed') : '重命名失败';
+        const unknownErr = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.unknownError') : '未知错误';
+        alert(failedLabel + ': ' + (error.message || unknownErr));
     }
 
     closeContextMenu();
@@ -4636,13 +4677,14 @@ async function showMoveToGroupSubmenu() {
     }
 
     // 始终显示"创建分组"选项
+    const addGroupLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.addNewGroup') : '+ 新增分组';
     const addItem = document.createElement('div');
     addItem.className = 'context-submenu-item add-group-item';
     addItem.innerHTML = `
         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
             <path d="M12 5v14M5 12h14" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
         </svg>
-        <span>+ 新增分组</span>
+        <span>${addGroupLabel}</span>
     `;
     addItem.onclick = () => {
         showCreateGroupModal(true);
@@ -4917,7 +4959,8 @@ function deleteConversationFromContext() {
     const convId = contextMenuConversationId;
     if (!convId) return;
 
-    if (confirm('确定要删除此对话吗？')) {
+    const confirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.deleteConversationConfirm') : '确定要删除此对话吗？';
+    if (confirm(confirmMsg)) {
         deleteConversation(convId, true); // 跳过内部确认，因为这里已经确认过了
     }
     closeContextMenu();
@@ -4944,6 +4987,15 @@ function closeContextMenu() {
 // 显示批量管理模态框
 let allConversationsForBatch = [];
 
+// 更新批量管理模态框标题（含条数），支持 i18n；count 为当前条数
+function updateBatchManageTitle(count) {
+    const titleEl = document.getElementById('batch-manage-title');
+    if (!titleEl || typeof window.t !== 'function') return;
+    const template = window.t('batchManageModal.title', { count: '__C__' });
+    const parts = template.split('__C__');
+    titleEl.innerHTML = (parts[0] || '') + '<span id="batch-manage-count">' + (count || 0) + '</span>' + (parts[1] || '');
+}
+
 async function showBatchManageModal() {
     try {
         const response = await apiFetch('/api/conversations?limit=1000');
@@ -4957,10 +5009,7 @@ async function showBatchManageModal() {
         }
 
         const modal = document.getElementById('batch-manage-modal');
-        const countEl = document.getElementById('batch-manage-count');
-        if (countEl) {
-            countEl.textContent = allConversationsForBatch.length;
-        }
+        updateBatchManageTitle(allConversationsForBatch.length);
 
         renderBatchConversations();
         if (modal) {
@@ -4971,10 +5020,7 @@ async function showBatchManageModal() {
         // 错误时使用空数组，不显示错误提示（更友好的用户体验）
         allConversationsForBatch = [];
         const modal = document.getElementById('batch-manage-modal');
-        const countEl = document.getElementById('batch-manage-count');
-        if (countEl) {
-            countEl.textContent = 0;
-        }
+        updateBatchManageTitle(0);
         if (modal) {
             renderBatchConversations();
             modal.style.display = 'flex';
@@ -5041,7 +5087,7 @@ function renderBatchConversations(filtered = null) {
 
         const name = document.createElement('div');
         name.className = 'batch-table-col-name';
-        const originalTitle = conv.title || '未命名对话';
+        const originalTitle = conv.title || (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('batchManageModal.unnamedConversation') : '未命名对话');
         // 使用安全截断函数，限制最大长度为45个字符（留出空间显示省略号）
         const truncatedTitle = safeTruncateText(originalTitle, 45);
         name.textContent = truncatedTitle;
@@ -5051,7 +5097,8 @@ function renderBatchConversations(filtered = null) {
         const time = document.createElement('div');
         time.className = 'batch-table-col-time';
         const dateObj = conv.updatedAt ? new Date(conv.updatedAt) : new Date();
-        time.textContent = dateObj.toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+        const locale = (typeof i18next !== 'undefined' && i18next.language) ? i18next.language : 'zh-CN';
+        time.textContent = dateObj.toLocaleString(locale, {
             year: 'numeric',
             month: '2-digit',
             day: '2-digit',
@@ -5105,11 +5152,12 @@ function toggleSelectAllBatch() {
 async function deleteSelectedConversations() {
     const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('.batch-conversation-checkbox:checked');
     if (checkboxes.length === 0) {
-        alert('请先选择要删除的对话');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('batchManageModal.confirmDeleteNone') : '请先选择要删除的对话');
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!confirm(`确定要删除选中的 ${checkboxes.length} 条对话吗？`)) {
+    const confirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('batchManageModal.confirmDeleteN', { count: checkboxes.length }) : '确定要删除选中的 ' + checkboxes.length + ' 条对话吗？';
+    if (!confirm(confirmMsg)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -5123,7 +5171,9 @@ async function deleteSelectedConversations() {
         loadConversationsWithGroups();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除失败:', error);
-        alert('删除失败: ' + (error.message || '未知错误'));
+        const failedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('batchManageModal.deleteFailed') : '删除失败';
+        const unknownErr = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.unknownError') : '未知错误';
+        alert(failedMsg + ': ' + (error.message || unknownErr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -5140,6 +5190,14 @@ function closeBatchManageModal() {
     allConversationsForBatch = [];
 }
 
+// 语言切换时刷新批量管理模态框标题（若当前正在显示）
+document.addEventListener('languagechange', function () {
+    const modal = document.getElementById('batch-manage-modal');
+    if (modal && modal.style.display === 'flex') {
+        updateBatchManageTitle(allConversationsForBatch.length);
+    }
+});
+
 // 显示创建分组模态框
 function showCreateGroupModal(andMoveConversation = false) {
     const modal = document.getElementById('create-group-modal');
@@ -5208,6 +5266,15 @@ function selectSuggestion(name) {
     }
 }
 
+// 按 i18n key 选择建议标签（用于国际化下填充当前语言的文案）
+function selectSuggestionByKey(i18nKey) {
+    const input = document.getElementById('create-group-name-input');
+    if (input && typeof window.t === 'function') {
+        input.value = window.t(i18nKey);
+        input.focus();
+    }
+}
+
 // 切换图标选择器显示状态
 function toggleGroupIconPicker() {
     const picker = document.getElementById('group-icon-picker');
@@ -5299,7 +5366,7 @@ async function createGroup(event) {
 
     const name = input.value.trim();
     if (!name) {
-        alert('请输入分组名称');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.groupNamePlaceholder') : '请输入分组名称');
         return;
     }
 
@@ -5320,7 +5387,7 @@ async function createGroup(event) {
         
         const nameExists = groups.some(g => g.name === name);
         if (nameExists) {
-            alert('分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
+            alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.nameExists') : '分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
             return;
         }
     } catch (error) {
@@ -5345,11 +5412,13 @@ async function createGroup(event) {
 
         if (!response.ok) {
             const error = await response.json();
+            const nameExistsMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.nameExists') : '分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称';
             if (error.error && error.error.includes('已存在')) {
-                alert('分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
+                alert(nameExistsMsg);
                 return;
             }
-            throw new Error(error.error || '创建失败');
+            const createFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.createFailed') : '创建失败';
+            throw new Error(error.error || createFailedMsg);
         }
 
         const newGroup = await response.json();
@@ -5375,7 +5444,9 @@ async function createGroup(event) {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('创建分组失败:', error);
-        alert('创建失败: ' + (error.message || '未知错误'));
+        const createFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.createFailed') : '创建失败';
+        const unknownErr = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.unknownError') : '未知错误';
+        alert(createFailedMsg + ': ' + (error.message || unknownErr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -5517,10 +5588,12 @@ async function loadGroupConversations(groupId, searchQuery = '') {
         list.innerHTML = '';
 
         if (groupConvs.length === 0) {
+            const emptyMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.emptyGroupConversations') : '该分组暂无对话';
+            const noMatchMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.noMatchingConversationsInGroup') : '未找到匹配的对话';
             if (searchQuery && searchQuery.trim()) {
-                list.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">未找到匹配的对话</div>';
+                list.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">' + (noMatchMsg || '未找到匹配的对话') + '</div>';
             } else {
-                list.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">该分组暂无对话</div>';
+                list.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">' + (emptyMsg || '该分组暂无对话') + '</div>';
             }
             return;
         }
@@ -5651,7 +5724,8 @@ async function editGroup() {
         const group = await response.json();
         if (!group) return;
 
-        const newName = prompt('请输入新名称:', group.name);
+        const renamePrompt = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.renameGroupPrompt') : '请输入新名称：';
+        const newName = prompt(renamePrompt, group.name);
         if (newName === null || !newName.trim()) return;
 
         const trimmedName = newName.trim();
@@ -5672,7 +5746,7 @@ async function editGroup() {
         
         const nameExists = groups.some(g => g.name === trimmedName && g.id !== currentGroupId);
         if (nameExists) {
-            alert('分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
+            alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.nameExists') : '分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5712,7 +5786,8 @@ async function editGroup() {
 async function deleteGroup() {
     if (!currentGroupId) return;
 
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除此分组吗？分组中的对话不会被删除，但会从分组中移除。')) {
+    const deleteConfirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.deleteGroupConfirm') : '确定要删除此分组吗？分组中的对话不会被删除，但会从分组中移除。';
+    if (!confirm(deleteConfirmMsg)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -5758,7 +5833,8 @@ async function renameGroupFromContext() {
         const group = await response.json();
         if (!group) return;
 
-        const newName = prompt('请输入新名称:', group.name);
+        const renamePrompt = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.renameGroupPrompt') : '请输入新名称：';
+        const newName = prompt(renamePrompt, group.name);
         if (newName === null || !newName.trim()) {
             closeGroupContextMenu();
             return;
@@ -5782,7 +5858,7 @@ async function renameGroupFromContext() {
         
         const nameExists = groups.some(g => g.name === trimmedName && g.id !== groupId);
         if (nameExists) {
-            alert('分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
+            alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.nameExists') : '分组名称已存在，请使用其他名称');
             return;
         }
 
@@ -5817,7 +5893,9 @@ async function renameGroupFromContext() {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('重命名分组失败:', error);
-        alert('重命名失败: ' + (error.message || '未知错误'));
+        const failedLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.renameFailed') : '重命名失败';
+        const unknownErr = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('createGroupModal.unknownError') : '未知错误';
+        alert(failedLabel + ': ' + (error.message || unknownErr));
     }
 
     closeGroupContextMenu();
@@ -5867,7 +5945,8 @@ async function deleteGroupFromContext() {
     const groupId = contextMenuGroupId;
     if (!groupId) return;
 
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除此分组吗？分组中的对话不会被删除，但会从分组中移除。')) {
+    const deleteConfirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.deleteGroupConfirm') : '确定要删除此分组吗？分组中的对话不会被删除，但会从分组中移除。';
+    if (!confirm(deleteConfirmMsg)) {
         closeGroupContextMenu();
         return;
     }
diff --git a/web/static/js/dashboard.js b/web/static/js/dashboard.js
index edf17fb1..9dbd1a1b 100644
--- a/web/static/js/dashboard.js
+++ b/web/static/js/dashboard.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
     setEl('dashboard-kpi-tools-calls', '…');
     setEl('dashboard-kpi-success-rate', '…');
     var chartPlaceholder = document.getElementById('dashboard-tools-pie-placeholder');
-    if (chartPlaceholder) { chartPlaceholder.style.removeProperty('display'); chartPlaceholder.textContent = '加载中…'; }
+    if (chartPlaceholder) { chartPlaceholder.style.removeProperty('display'); chartPlaceholder.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('common.loading') : '加载中…'); }
     var barChartEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-tools-bar-chart');
     if (barChartEl) { barChartEl.style.display = 'none'; barChartEl.innerHTML = ''; }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
             setEl('dashboard-batch-pending', String(pending));
             setEl('dashboard-batch-running', String(running));
             setEl('dashboard-batch-done', String(done));
-            setEl('dashboard-batch-total', total > 0 ? `共 ${total} 个` : '暂无任务');
+            setEl('dashboard-batch-total', total > 0 ? (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.totalCount', { count: total }) : `共 ${total} 个`) : (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.noTasks') : '暂无任务'));
             
             // 更新进度条
             if (total > 0) {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
         if (knowledgeRes && typeof knowledgeRes === 'object') {
             if (knowledgeRes.enabled === false) {
                 // 功能未启用：用状态标签展示，数值保持为 "-"
-                if (knowledgeStatusEl) knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = '未启用';
+                if (knowledgeStatusEl) knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.notEnabled') : '未启用');
                 if (knowledgeItemsEl) knowledgeItemsEl.textContent = '-';
                 if (knowledgeCategoriesEl) knowledgeCategoriesEl.textContent = '-';
             } else {
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
                 // 根据数据量给个轻量状态文案
                 if (knowledgeStatusEl) {
                     if (items > 0 || categories > 0) {
-                        knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = '已启用';
+                        knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.enabled') : '已启用');
                     } else {
-                        knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = '待配置';
+                        knowledgeStatusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.toConfigure') : '待配置');
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -172,15 +172,15 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
             const statusEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-skills-status');
             if (statusEl) {
                 if (totalCalls === 0) {
-                    statusEl.textContent = '待使用';
+                    statusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.toUse') : '待使用');
                     statusEl.style.background = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)';
                     statusEl.style.color = 'var(--text-secondary)';
                 } else if (totalCalls < 10) {
-                    statusEl.textContent = '活跃';
+                    statusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.active') : '活跃');
                     statusEl.style.background = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1)';
                     statusEl.style.color = '#10b981';
                 } else {
-                    statusEl.textContent = '高频';
+                    statusEl.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.highFreq') : '高频');
                     statusEl.style.background = 'rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1)';
                     statusEl.style.color = '#3b82f6';
                 }
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
         setEl('dashboard-kpi-tools-calls', '-');
         renderDashboardToolsBar(null);
         var ph = document.getElementById('dashboard-tools-pie-placeholder');
-        if (ph) { ph.style.removeProperty('display'); ph.textContent = '暂无调用数据'; }
+        if (ph) { ph.style.removeProperty('display'); ph.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.noCallData') : '暂无调用数据'); }
     }
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ function renderDashboardToolsBar(monitorRes) {
 
     if (!monitorRes || typeof monitorRes !== 'object') {
         placeholder.style.removeProperty('display');
-        placeholder.textContent = '暂无调用数据';
+        placeholder.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.noCallData') : '暂无调用数据');
         barChartEl.style.display = 'none';
         barChartEl.innerHTML = '';
         return;
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ function renderDashboardToolsBar(monitorRes) {
 
     if (entries.length === 0) {
         placeholder.style.removeProperty('display');
-        placeholder.textContent = '暂无调用数据';
+        placeholder.textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('dashboard.noCallData') : '暂无调用数据');
         barChartEl.style.display = 'none';
         barChartEl.innerHTML = '';
         return;
diff --git a/web/static/js/i18n.js b/web/static/js/i18n.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b75ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/static/js/i18n.js
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// 前端国际化初始化（基于 i18next 浏览器版本）
+(function () {
+    const DEFAULT_LANG = 'zh-CN';
+    const STORAGE_KEY = 'csai_lang';
+    const RESOURCES_PREFIX = '/static/i18n';
+
+    const loadedLangs = {};
+
+    function detectInitialLang() {
+        try {
+            const stored = localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+            if (stored) {
+                return stored;
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn('无法读取语言设置:', e);
+        }
+
+        const navLang = (navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage || '').toLowerCase();
+        if (navLang.startsWith('zh')) {
+            return 'zh-CN';
+        }
+        if (navLang.startsWith('en')) {
+            return 'en-US';
+        }
+        return DEFAULT_LANG;
+    }
+
+    async function loadLanguageResources(lang) {
+        if (loadedLangs[lang]) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            const resp = await fetch(RESOURCES_PREFIX + '/' + lang + '.json', {
+                cache: 'no-cache'
+            });
+            if (!resp.ok) {
+                console.warn('加载语言包失败:', lang, resp.status);
+                return;
+            }
+            const data = await resp.json();
+            if (typeof i18next !== 'undefined') {
+                i18next.addResourceBundle(lang, 'translation', data, true, true);
+            }
+            loadedLangs[lang] = true;
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error('加载语言包异常:', lang, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function applyTranslations(root) {
+        if (typeof i18next === 'undefined') return;
+        const container = root || document;
+        if (!container) return;
+
+        const elements = container.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]');
+        elements.forEach(function (el) {
+            const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n');
+            if (!key) return;
+            const skipText = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-skip-text') === 'true';
+            const isFormControl = (el.tagName === 'INPUT' || el.tagName === 'TEXTAREA');
+            const attrList = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-attr');
+            const text = i18next.t(key);
+
+            // 仅当未使用 data-i18n-attr 时才替换元素文本内容（否则会覆盖卡片内的数字、子节点等）
+            // input/textarea：永不设置 textContent（会变成 value），只更新属性
+            if (!attrList && !skipText && !isFormControl && text && typeof text === 'string') {
+                el.textContent = text;
+            }
+
+            if (attrList) {
+                attrList.split(',').map(function (s) { return s.trim(); }).forEach(function (attr) {
+                    if (!attr) return;
+                    if (text && typeof text === 'string') {
+                        el.setAttribute(attr, text);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+
+        // 对话输入框：若 value 与 placeholder 相同，清空 value 以便正确显示占位提示
+        try {
+            const chatInput = document.getElementById('chat-input');
+            if (chatInput && chatInput.tagName === 'TEXTAREA') {
+                const ph = (chatInput.getAttribute('placeholder') || '').trim();
+                if (ph && chatInput.value.trim() === ph) {
+                    chatInput.value = '';
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+
+        // 更新 html lang 属性
+        try {
+            if (document && document.documentElement) {
+                document.documentElement.lang = i18next.language || DEFAULT_LANG;
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    function updateLangLabel() {
+        const label = document.getElementById('current-lang-label');
+        if (!label || typeof i18next === 'undefined') return;
+        const lang = (i18next.language || DEFAULT_LANG).toLowerCase();
+        if (lang.indexOf('zh') === 0) {
+            label.textContent = '中文';
+        } else {
+            label.textContent = 'English';
+        }
+    }
+
+    function closeLangDropdown() {
+        const dropdown = document.getElementById('lang-dropdown');
+        if (dropdown) {
+            dropdown.style.display = 'none';
+        }
+    }
+
+    function handleGlobalClickForLangDropdown(ev) {
+        const dropdown = document.getElementById('lang-dropdown');
+        const btn = document.querySelector('.lang-switcher-btn');
+        if (!dropdown || dropdown.style.display !== 'block') return;
+        const target = ev.target;
+        if (btn && btn.contains(target)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!dropdown.contains(target)) {
+            closeLangDropdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    async function changeLanguage(lang) {
+        if (typeof i18next === 'undefined') return;
+        const current = i18next.language || DEFAULT_LANG;
+        if (lang === current) return;
+        await loadLanguageResources(lang);
+        await i18next.changeLanguage(lang);
+        try {
+            localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, lang);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn('无法保存语言设置:', e);
+        }
+        applyTranslations(document);
+        updateLangLabel();
+        try {
+            document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('languagechange', { detail: { lang: lang } }));
+        } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+
+    async function initI18n() {
+        if (typeof i18next === 'undefined') {
+            console.warn('i18next 未加载，跳过前端国际化初始化');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const initialLang = detectInitialLang();
+        await i18next.init({
+            lng: initialLang,
+            fallbackLng: DEFAULT_LANG,
+            debug: false,
+            resources: {}
+        });
+
+        await loadLanguageResources(initialLang);
+        applyTranslations(document);
+        updateLangLabel();
+
+        // 导出全局函数供其他脚本调用（支持插值参数，如 _t('key', { count: 2 })）
+        window.t = function (key, opts) {
+            if (typeof i18next === 'undefined') return key;
+            return i18next.t(key, opts);
+        };
+        window.changeLanguage = changeLanguage;
+        window.applyTranslations = applyTranslations;
+
+        // 语言切换下拉支持
+        window.toggleLangDropdown = function () {
+            const dropdown = document.getElementById('lang-dropdown');
+            if (!dropdown) return;
+            if (dropdown.style.display === 'block') {
+                dropdown.style.display = 'none';
+            } else {
+                dropdown.style.display = 'block';
+            }
+        };
+        window.onLanguageSelect = function (lang) {
+            changeLanguage(lang);
+            closeLangDropdown();
+        };
+
+        document.addEventListener('click', handleGlobalClickForLangDropdown);
+    }
+
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
+        // i18n 初始化在 DOM Ready 后执行
+        initI18n().catch(function (e) {
+            console.error('初始化国际化失败:', e);
+        });
+    });
+})();
+
diff --git a/web/static/js/info-collect.js b/web/static/js/info-collect.js
index 91fa26ff..a0d0cfa1 100644
--- a/web/static/js/info-collect.js
+++ b/web/static/js/info-collect.js
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // 信息收集页面（FOFA）
+function _t(key, opts) {
+    return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t(key, opts) : key;
+}
 
 const FOFA_FORM_STORAGE_KEY = 'info-collect-fofa-form';
 const FOFA_HIDDEN_FIELDS_STORAGE_KEY = 'info-collect-fofa-hidden-fields';
@@ -197,12 +200,12 @@ async function submitFofaSearch() {
     const full = !!els.full?.checked;
 
     if (!query) {
-        alert('请输入 FOFA 查询语法');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.enterFofaQuery'));
         return;
     }
 
     saveFofaFormToStorage({ query, size, page, fields, full });
-    setFofaMeta('查询中...');
+    setFofaMeta(_t('infoCollect.querying'));
     setFofaLoading(true);
 
     try {
@@ -219,9 +222,9 @@ async function submitFofaSearch() {
         renderFofaResults(result);
     } catch (e) {
         console.error('FOFA 查询失败:', e);
-        setFofaMeta('查询失败');
+        setFofaMeta(_t('infoCollect.queryFailed'));
         renderFofaResults({ query, fields: [], results: [], total: 0, page: 1, size: 0 });
-        alert('FOFA 查询失败: ' + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)));
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.queryFailed') + ': ' + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)));
     } finally {
         setFofaLoading(false);
     }
@@ -231,7 +234,7 @@ async function parseFofaNaturalLanguage() {
     const els = getFofaFormElements();
     const text = (els.nl?.value || '').trim();
     if (!text) {
-        alert('请输入自然语言描述');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.enterNaturalLanguage'));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -243,16 +246,16 @@ async function parseFofaNaturalLanguage() {
 
     // 先创建 controller，避免极快的重复点击触发并发请求
     fofaParseAbortController = new AbortController();
-    setFofaParseLoading(true, 'AI 解析中...');
+    setFofaParseLoading(true, _t('infoCollect.parsePending'));
 
     // 持续提示：直到请求完成/取消/失败才消失
-    fofaParseToastHandle = showInlineToast('AI 解析中...（点击按钮可取消）', { duration: 0, id: 'fofa-parse-pending' });
+    fofaParseToastHandle = showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.parsePendingClickCancel'), { duration: 0, id: 'fofa-parse-pending' });
 
     // 如果超过一小段时间还没返回，再强调“仍在进行中”，降低误判为失败的概率
     fofaParseSlowTimer = setTimeout(() => {
         const status = document.getElementById('fofa-nl-status');
         if (status) {
-            status.textContent = 'AI 解析耗时较长，仍在处理中…';
+            status.textContent = _t('infoCollect.parseSlow');
             status.style.display = 'block';
         }
     }, 1800);
@@ -269,15 +272,15 @@ async function parseFofaNaturalLanguage() {
             throw new Error(result.error || `请求失败: ${resp.status}`);
         }
         showFofaParseModal(text, result);
-        showInlineToast('AI 解析完成');
+        showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.parseDone'));
     } catch (e) {
         // AbortController 取消：不视为失败
         if (e && (e.name === 'AbortError' || String(e).includes('AbortError'))) {
-            showInlineToast('已取消 AI 解析');
+            showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.parseCancelled'));
             return;
         }
         console.error('FOFA 自然语言解析失败:', e);
-        showInlineToast('AI 解析失败：' + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)), { duration: 2800 });
+        showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.parseFailed') + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)), { duration: 2800 });
     }
     finally {
         fofaParseAbortController = null;
@@ -298,17 +301,17 @@ function setFofaParseLoading(loading, statusText) {
     const status = document.getElementById('fofa-nl-status');
     if (btn) {
         if (loading) {
-            if (!btn.dataset.originalText) btn.dataset.originalText = btn.textContent || 'AI 解析';
+            if (!btn.dataset.originalText) btn.dataset.originalText = btn.textContent || _t('infoCollectPage.parseBtn');
             btn.classList.add('btn-loading');
-            btn.textContent = '取消解析';
-            btn.title = '点击取消 AI 解析';
+            btn.textContent = _t('infoCollect.cancelParse');
+            btn.title = _t('infoCollect.clickToCancelParse');
             btn.dataset.loading = '1';
             btn.setAttribute('aria-busy', 'true');
             btn.disabled = false;
         } else {
             btn.classList.remove('btn-loading');
-            btn.textContent = btn.dataset.originalText || 'AI 解析';
-            btn.title = '将自然语言解析为 FOFA 查询语法';
+            btn.textContent = btn.dataset.originalText || _t('infoCollectPage.parseBtn');
+            btn.title = _t('infoCollect.parseToFofa');
             btn.disabled = false;
             delete btn.dataset.loading;
             btn.removeAttribute('aria-busy');
@@ -336,7 +339,7 @@ function showFofaParseModal(nlText, parsed) {
 
     const warningsHtml = warnings.length
         ? `<ul style="margin: 8px 0 0 18px;">${warnings.map(w => `<li>${escapeHtml(w)}</li>`).join('')}</ul>`
-        : `<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 8px;">无</div>`;
+        : '<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 8px;">' + _t('infoCollect.none') + '</div>';
 
     const modal = document.createElement('div');
     modal.id = 'fofa-parse-modal';
@@ -345,23 +348,23 @@ function showFofaParseModal(nlText, parsed) {
     modal.innerHTML = `
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 900px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>AI 解析结果</h2>
-                <span class="modal-close" id="fofa-parse-modal-close" title="关闭">&times;</span>
+                <h2>${_t('infoCollect.parseResultTitle')}</h2>
+                <span class="modal-close" id="fofa-parse-modal-close" title="${_t('common.close')}">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div style="padding: 18px 28px; overflow: auto;">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>自然语言</label>
+                    <label>${_t('infoCollect.naturalLanguageLabel')}</label>
                     <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">${safeNL || '-'}</div>
                 </div>
 
                 <div class="form-group" style="margin-top: 14px;">
-                    <label for="fofa-parse-query">FOFA 查询语法（可编辑）</label>
-                    <textarea id="fofa-parse-query" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="2" placeholder='例如：app="Apache" && country="CN"'></textarea>
-                    <small class="form-hint">请人工确认语法与范围无误后再执行查询。</small>
+                    <label for="fofa-parse-query">${_t('infoCollect.fofaQueryEditable')}</label>
+                    <textarea id="fofa-parse-query" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="2" placeholder="${_t('infoCollect.queryPlaceholder')}"></textarea>
+                    <small class="form-hint">${_t('infoCollect.confirmBeforeQuery')}</small>
                 </div>
 
                 <div class="form-group" style="margin-top: 14px;">
-                    <label>提醒</label>
+                    <label>${_t('infoCollect.reminder')}</label>
                     <div style="background: #fff8e1; border: 1px solid #ffe8a3; border-radius: 10px; padding: 10px 12px;">
                         ${warningsHtml}
                     </div>
@@ -369,14 +372,14 @@ function showFofaParseModal(nlText, parsed) {
 
                 ${explanation ? `
                 <div class="form-group" style="margin-top: 14px;">
-                    <label>解析说明</label>
+                    <label>${_t('infoCollect.explanation')}</label>
                     <pre style="margin-top: 8px; white-space: pre-wrap; background: var(--bg-tertiary); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 10px; padding: 10px 12px; font-size: 13px;">${escapeHtml(explanation)}</pre>
                 </div>` : ''}
             </div>
             <div class="modal-footer" style="padding: 18px 28px;">
-                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-cancel">取消</button>
-                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-apply">填入查询框</button>
-                <button class="btn-primary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-apply-run">填入并查询</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-cancel">${_t('infoCollect.parseModalCancel')}</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-apply">${_t('infoCollect.parseModalApply')}</button>
+                <button class="btn-primary" type="button" id="fofa-parse-apply-run">${_t('infoCollect.parseModalApplyRun')}</button>
             </div>
         </div>
     `;
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ function showFofaParseModal(nlText, parsed) {
         const els = getFofaFormElements();
         const q = (queryTextarea?.value || '').trim();
         if (!q) {
-            showInlineToast('解析结果为空：请在弹窗中补充/修改 FOFA 查询语法', { duration: 2600 });
+            showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.parseResultEmpty'), { duration: 2600 });
             return;
         }
         if (els.query) {
@@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ function setFofaMeta(text) {
 function updateSelectedMeta() {
     const els = getFofaFormElements();
     if (els.selectedMeta) {
-        els.selectedMeta.textContent = `已选择 ${infoCollectState.selectedRowIndexes.size} 条`;
+        els.selectedMeta.textContent = _t('infoCollectPage.selectedRows', { count: infoCollectState.selectedRowIndexes.size });
     }
 }
 
@@ -454,7 +457,7 @@ function setFofaLoading(loading) {
     if (loading) {
         const fieldsCount = (document.getElementById('fofa-fields')?.value || '').split(',').filter(Boolean).length;
         const colspan = Math.max(1, fieldsCount + 1);
-        els.tbody.innerHTML = `<tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;" colspan="${colspan}">加载中...</td></tr>`;
+        els.tbody.innerHTML = '<tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;" colspan="' + colspan + '">' + escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.loading')) + '</td></tr>';
     }
 }
 
@@ -490,7 +493,7 @@ function renderFofaResults(payload) {
     const size = typeof payload.size === 'number' ? payload.size : 0;
     const page = typeof payload.page === 'number' ? payload.page : 1;
 
-    setFofaMeta(`共 ${total} 条 · 本页 ${results.length} 条 · page=${page} · size=${size}`);
+    setFofaMeta(_t('infoCollect.resultsMeta', { total, count: results.length, page, size }));
 
     // 可见字段
     const visibleFields = fields.filter(f => !infoCollectState.hiddenFields.has(f));
@@ -500,16 +503,16 @@ function renderFofaResults(payload) {
 
     // 表头（左：勾选列；右：操作列固定）
     const headerCells = [
-        '<th class="info-collect-col-select"><input type="checkbox" id="fofa-select-all" title="全选/全不选"/></th>',
+        '<th class="info-collect-col-select"><input type="checkbox" id="fofa-select-all" title="' + escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.selectAll')) + '"/></th>',
         ...visibleFields.map(f => `<th>${escapeHtml(String(f))}</th>`),
-        '<th class="info-collect-col-actions">操作</th>'
+        '<th class="info-collect-col-actions">' + escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.actions')) + '</th>'
     ].join('');
     els.thead.innerHTML = `<tr>${headerCells}</tr>`;
 
     // 表体
     if (results.length === 0) {
         const colspan = Math.max(1, visibleFields.length + 2);
-        els.tbody.innerHTML = `<tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;" colspan="${colspan}">暂无数据</td></tr>`;
+        els.tbody.innerHTML = '<tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;" colspan="' + colspan + '">' + escapeHtml(_t('common.noData')) + '</td></tr>';
         return;
     }
 
@@ -519,7 +522,7 @@ function renderFofaResults(payload) {
         const encoded = encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(safeRow));
         const encodedTarget = encodeURIComponent(target || '');
 
-        const selectHtml = `<td class="info-collect-col-select"><input class="fofa-row-select" type="checkbox" data-index="${idx}" title="选择该行"/></td>`;
+        const selectHtml = '<td class="info-collect-col-select"><input class="fofa-row-select" type="checkbox" data-index="' + idx + '" title="' + escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.selectRow')) + '"/></td>';
 
         const cellsHtml = visibleFields.map(f => {
             const val = safeRow[f];
@@ -537,13 +540,13 @@ function renderFofaResults(payload) {
 
         const actionHtml = `
             <div class="info-collect-actions">
-                <button class="btn-icon" onclick="copyFofaTargetEncoded('${encodedTarget}'); event.stopPropagation();" title="复制目标">
+                <button class="btn-icon" onclick="copyFofaTargetEncoded('${encodedTarget}'); event.stopPropagation();" title="${escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.copyTarget'))}">
                     <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                         <rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                         <path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
                     </svg>
                 </button>
-                <button class="btn-icon" onclick="scanFofaRow('${encoded}', event); event.stopPropagation();" title="发送到对话（可编辑；Ctrl/⌘+点击可直接发送）">
+                <button class="btn-icon" onclick="scanFofaRow('${encoded}', event); event.stopPropagation();" title="${escapeHtml(_t('infoCollect.sendToChat'))}">
                     <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                         <path d="M10.5 13.5l3-3" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
                         <path d="M8 8H5a4 4 0 1 0 0 8h3" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -602,14 +605,14 @@ function normalizeHttpLink(raw) {
 function copyFofaTarget(target) {
     const text = (target || '').trim();
     if (!text) {
-        alert('没有可复制的目标');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.noTargetToCopy'));
         return;
     }
     navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
         // 简单提示
-        showInlineToast('已复制目标');
+        showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.targetCopied'));
     }).catch(() => {
-        alert('复制失败，请手动复制：' + text);
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.manualCopyHint') + text);
     });
 }
 
@@ -655,7 +658,7 @@ function showInlineToast(text, options) {
 function truncateForPreview(value, maxLen) {
     const s = value == null ? '' : String(value);
     if (maxLen <= 0 || s.length <= maxLen) return s;
-    return s.slice(0, maxLen) + '...（已截断）';
+    return s.slice(0, maxLen) + '...(' + _t('infoCollect.truncated') + ')';
 }
 
 function formatFofaRowSummary(row, fields) {
@@ -707,7 +710,7 @@ function scanFofaRow(encodedRowJson, clickEvent) {
     const fields = (document.getElementById('fofa-fields')?.value || '').split(',').map(s => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
     const target = inferTargetFromRow(row, fields);
     if (!target) {
-        alert('无法从该行推断扫描目标（建议在 fields 中包含 host/ip/port/domain）');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.cannotInferTarget'));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -745,10 +748,10 @@ function scanFofaRow(encodedRowJson, clickEvent) {
             if (typeof sendMessage === 'function') {
                 sendMessage();
             } else {
-                alert('未找到 sendMessage()，请刷新页面后重试');
+                alert(_t('infoCollect.noSendMessage'));
             }
         } else {
-            showInlineToast('已填入对话输入框，可编辑后发送');
+            showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.filledToInput'));
         }
     }, 250);
 }
@@ -910,7 +913,7 @@ function hideAllFofaColumns() {
 function exportFofaResults(format) {
     const p = infoCollectState.currentPayload;
     if (!p || !Array.isArray(p.results) || p.results.length === 0) {
-        alert('暂无可导出的结果');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.noExportResult'));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -936,7 +939,7 @@ function exportFofaResults(format) {
     if (format === 'xlsx') {
         // 使用 SheetJS 生成 XLSX（需在页面中引入 xlsx 库）
         if (typeof XLSX === 'undefined') {
-            alert('未加载 XLSX 库，请刷新页面后重试');
+            alert(_t('infoCollect.xlsxNotLoaded'));
             return;
         }
         const aoa = [visibleFields].concat(p.results.map(row => {
@@ -945,7 +948,7 @@ function exportFofaResults(format) {
         }));
         const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(aoa);
         const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
-        XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'FOFA结果');
+        XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, _t('infoCollect.batchScanTitle'));
         XLSX.writeFile(wb, `fofa_results_${ts}.xlsx`);
         return;
     }
@@ -982,12 +985,12 @@ function downloadBlob(content, filename, mime) {
 async function batchScanSelectedFofaRows() {
     const p = infoCollectState.currentPayload;
     if (!p || !Array.isArray(p.results) || p.results.length === 0) {
-        alert('暂无结果');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.noResults'));
         return;
     }
     const selected = Array.from(infoCollectState.selectedRowIndexes).sort((a, b) => a - b);
     if (selected.length === 0) {
-        alert('请先勾选需要扫描的行');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.selectRowsFirst'));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1009,11 +1012,11 @@ async function batchScanSelectedFofaRows() {
     });
 
     if (tasks.length === 0) {
-        alert('未能从所选行推断任何可扫描目标（建议 fields 中包含 host/ip/port/domain）');
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.noScanTarget'));
         return;
     }
 
-    const title = (p.query ? `FOFA 批量扫描：${p.query}` : 'FOFA 批量扫描').slice(0, 80);
+    const title = (p.query ? _t('infoCollect.batchScanTitle') + '：' + p.query : _t('infoCollect.batchScanTitle')).slice(0, 80);
     try {
         // 不强制切换到“信息收集”角色：沿用当前已选角色；若为默认则传空字符串交给后端走默认逻辑
         let role = '';
@@ -1029,7 +1032,7 @@ async function batchScanSelectedFofaRows() {
         });
         const result = await resp.json().catch(() => ({}));
         if (!resp.ok) {
-            throw new Error(result.error || `创建批量队列失败: ${resp.status}`);
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('infoCollect.createQueueFailed') + ': ' + resp.status);
         }
         const queueId = result.queueId;
         if (!queueId) {
@@ -1045,13 +1048,13 @@ async function batchScanSelectedFofaRows() {
         }, 250);
 
         if (skipped.length > 0) {
-            showInlineToast(`已创建队列（跳过 ${skipped.length} 条无目标行）`);
+            showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.queueCreatedSkipped', { n: skipped.length }));
         } else {
-            showInlineToast('已创建批量扫描队列');
+            showInlineToast(_t('infoCollect.batchQueueCreated'));
         }
     } catch (e) {
         console.error('批量扫描失败:', e);
-        alert('批量扫描失败: ' + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)));
+        alert(_t('infoCollect.batchScanFailed') + ': ' + (e && e.message ? e.message : String(e)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1065,8 +1068,8 @@ function showCellDetailModal(field, fullText) {
     modal.innerHTML = `
         <div class="info-collect-cell-modal-content" role="dialog" aria-modal="true">
             <div class="info-collect-cell-modal-header">
-                <div class="info-collect-cell-modal-title">${escapeHtml(field || '字段')}</div>
-                <button class="btn-icon" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-close" title="关闭">
+                <div class="info-collect-cell-modal-title">${escapeHtml(field || _t('infoCollect.field'))}</div>
+                <button class="btn-icon" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-close" title="${_t('common.close')}">
                     <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                         <path d="M18 6L6 18M6 6l12 12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
                     </svg>
@@ -1076,8 +1079,8 @@ function showCellDetailModal(field, fullText) {
                 <pre class="info-collect-cell-modal-pre">${escapeHtml(fullText || '')}</pre>
             </div>
             <div class="info-collect-cell-modal-footer">
-                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-copy">复制</button>
-                <button class="btn-primary" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-ok">关闭</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-copy">${_t('common.copy')}</button>
+                <button class="btn-primary" type="button" id="info-collect-cell-modal-ok">${_t('common.close')}</button>
             </div>
         </div>
     `;
@@ -1091,7 +1094,7 @@ function showCellDetailModal(field, fullText) {
     document.getElementById('info-collect-cell-modal-close')?.addEventListener('click', close);
     document.getElementById('info-collect-cell-modal-ok')?.addEventListener('click', close);
     document.getElementById('info-collect-cell-modal-copy')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
-        navigator.clipboard.writeText(fullText || '').then(() => showInlineToast('已复制')).catch(() => alert('复制失败'));
+        navigator.clipboard.writeText(fullText || '').then(() => showInlineToast(_t('common.copied'))).catch(() => alert(_t('common.copyFailed')));
     });
 
     // Esc 关闭
@@ -1122,3 +1125,13 @@ window.toggleFofaColumn = toggleFofaColumn;
 window.exportFofaResults = exportFofaResults;
 window.batchScanSelectedFofaRows = batchScanSelectedFofaRows;
 
+document.addEventListener('languagechange', function () {
+    updateSelectedMeta();
+});
+
+if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { updateSelectedMeta(); });
+} else {
+    updateSelectedMeta();
+}
+
diff --git a/web/static/js/knowledge.js b/web/static/js/knowledge.js
index 950120df..3457b4bb 100644
--- a/web/static/js/knowledge.js
+++ b/web/static/js/knowledge.js
@@ -1,4 +1,37 @@
 // 知识库管理相关功能
+function _t(key, opts) {
+    return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t(key, opts) : key;
+}
+
+// 返回「知识库未启用」提示区块的 HTML（使用 data-i18n 以便语言切换时自动更新）
+function getKnowledgeNotEnabledHTML() {
+    return `
+        <div class="empty-state" style="text-align: center; padding: 40px 20px;">
+            <div style="font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 20px;">📚</div>
+            <h3 data-i18n="knowledge.notEnabledTitle" style="margin-bottom: 10px; color: #666;"></h3>
+            <p data-i18n="knowledge.notEnabledHint" style="color: #999; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
+            <button data-i18n="knowledge.goToSettings" onclick="switchToSettings()" style="
+                background: #007bff;
+                color: white;
+                border: none;
+                padding: 10px 20px;
+                border-radius: 5px;
+                cursor: pointer;
+                font-size: 14px;
+            "></button>
+        </div>
+    `;
+}
+
+// 渲染「知识库未启用」状态到容器，并应用当前语言
+function renderKnowledgeNotEnabledState(container) {
+    if (!container) return;
+    container.innerHTML = getKnowledgeNotEnabledHTML();
+    if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+        window.applyTranslations(container);
+    }
+}
+
 let knowledgeCategories = [];
 let knowledgeItems = [];
 let currentEditingItemId = null;
@@ -32,26 +65,8 @@ async function loadKnowledgeCategories() {
         
         // 检查知识库功能是否启用
         if (data.enabled === false) {
-            // 功能未启用，显示友好提示
-            const container = document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list');
-            if (container) {
-                container.innerHTML = `
-                    <div class="empty-state" style="text-align: center; padding: 40px 20px;">
-                        <div style="font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 20px;">📚</div>
-                        <h3 style="margin-bottom: 10px; color: #666;">知识库功能未启用</h3>
-                        <p style="color: #999; margin-bottom: 20px;">${data.message || '请前往系统设置启用知识检索功能'}</p>
-                        <button onclick="switchToSettings()" style="
-                            background: #007bff;
-                            color: white;
-                            border: none;
-                            padding: 10px 20px;
-                            border-radius: 5px;
-                            cursor: pointer;
-                            font-size: 14px;
-                        ">前往设置</button>
-                    </div>
-                `;
-            }
+            // 功能未启用，显示友好提示（使用 data-i18n，切换语言时会自动更新）
+            renderKnowledgeNotEnabledState(document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list'));
             return [];
         }
         
@@ -116,25 +131,10 @@ async function loadKnowledgeItems(category = '', page = 1, pageSize = 10) {
         
         // 检查知识库功能是否启用
         if (data.enabled === false) {
-            // 功能未启用，显示友好提示（如果还没有显示的话）
+            // 功能未启用，显示友好提示（如果还没有显示的话；使用 data-i18n，切换语言时会自动更新）
             const container = document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list');
             if (container && !container.querySelector('.empty-state')) {
-                container.innerHTML = `
-                    <div class="empty-state" style="text-align: center; padding: 40px 20px;">
-                        <div style="font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 20px;">📚</div>
-                        <h3 style="margin-bottom: 10px; color: #666;">知识库功能未启用</h3>
-                        <p style="color: #999; margin-bottom: 20px;">${data.message || '请前往系统设置启用知识检索功能'}</p>
-                        <button onclick="switchToSettings()" style="
-                            background: #007bff;
-                            color: white;
-                            border: none;
-                            padding: 10px 20px;
-                            border-radius: 5px;
-                            cursor: pointer;
-                            font-size: 14px;
-                        ">前往设置</button>
-                    </div>
-                `;
+                renderKnowledgeNotEnabledState(container);
             }
             knowledgeItems = [];
             knowledgePagination.total = 0;
@@ -753,25 +753,7 @@ async function searchKnowledgeItems() {
         
         // 检查知识库功能是否启用
         if (data.enabled === false) {
-            const container = document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list');
-            if (container) {
-                container.innerHTML = `
-                    <div class="empty-state" style="text-align: center; padding: 40px 20px;">
-                        <div style="font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 20px;">📚</div>
-                        <h3 style="margin-bottom: 10px; color: #666;">知识库功能未启用</h3>
-                        <p style="color: #999; margin-bottom: 20px;">${data.message || '请前往系统设置启用知识检索功能'}</p>
-                        <button onclick="switchToSettings()" style="
-                            background: #007bff;
-                            color: white;
-                            border: none;
-                            padding: 10px 20px;
-                            border-radius: 5px;
-                            cursor: pointer;
-                            font-size: 14px;
-                        ">前往设置</button>
-                    </div>
-                `;
-            }
+            renderKnowledgeNotEnabledState(document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list'));
             return;
         }
         
@@ -1312,7 +1294,7 @@ async function loadRetrievalLogs(conversationId = '', messageId = '') {
         renderRetrievalLogs([]);
         // 只在非空筛选条件下才显示错误通知（避免在没有数据时显示错误）
         if (conversationId || messageId) {
-            showNotification('加载检索日志失败: ' + error.message, 'error');
+            showNotification(_t('retrievalLogs.loadError') + ': ' + error.message, 'error');
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1326,7 +1308,7 @@ function renderRetrievalLogs(logs) {
     updateRetrievalStats(logs);
     
     if (logs.length === 0) {
-        container.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state">暂无检索记录</div>';
+        container.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state">' + _t('retrievalLogs.noRecords') + '</div>';
         retrievalLogsData = [];
         return;
     }
@@ -1386,7 +1368,7 @@ function renderRetrievalLogs(logs) {
                     </div>
                     <div class="retrieval-log-main-info">
                         <div class="retrieval-log-query">
-                            ${escapeHtml(log.query || '无查询内容')}
+                            ${escapeHtml(log.query || _t('retrievalLogs.noQuery'))}
                         </div>
                         <div class="retrieval-log-meta">
                             <span class="retrieval-log-time" title="${formatTime(log.createdAt)}">
@@ -1396,33 +1378,33 @@ function renderRetrievalLogs(logs) {
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="retrieval-log-result-badge ${hasResults ? 'success' : 'empty'}">
-                        ${hasResults ? (itemCount > 0 ? `${itemCount} 项` : '有结果') : '无结果'}
+                        ${hasResults ? (itemCount > 0 ? itemCount + ' ' + _t('retrievalLogs.itemsUnit') : _t('retrievalLogs.hasResults')) : _t('retrievalLogs.noResults')}
                     </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="retrieval-log-card-body">
                     <div class="retrieval-log-details-grid">
                         ${log.conversationId ? `
                             <div class="retrieval-log-detail-item">
-                                <span class="detail-label">对话ID</span>
-                                <code class="detail-value" title="点击复制" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}'); this.title='已复制!'; setTimeout(() => this.title='点击复制', 2000);" style="cursor: pointer;">${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}</code>
+                                <span class="detail-label">${_t('retrievalLogs.conversationId')}</span>
+                                <code class="detail-value" title="${_t('retrievalLogs.clickToCopy')}" data-copy-title-copied="${_t('common.copied')}" data-copy-title-click="${_t('retrievalLogs.clickToCopy')}" onclick="var t=this; navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}').then(function(){ t.title=t.getAttribute('data-copy-title-copied')||'Copied!'; setTimeout(function(){ t.title=t.getAttribute('data-copy-title-click')||'Click to copy'; }, 2000); });" style="cursor: pointer;">${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}</code>
                             </div>
                         ` : ''}
                         ${log.messageId ? `
                             <div class="retrieval-log-detail-item">
-                                <span class="detail-label">消息ID</span>
-                                <code class="detail-value" title="点击复制" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}'); this.title='已复制!'; setTimeout(() => this.title='点击复制', 2000);" style="cursor: pointer;">${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}</code>
+                                <span class="detail-label">${_t('retrievalLogs.messageId')}</span>
+                                <code class="detail-value" title="${_t('retrievalLogs.clickToCopy')}" data-copy-title-copied="${_t('common.copied')}" data-copy-title-click="${_t('retrievalLogs.clickToCopy')}" onclick="var el=this; navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}').then(function(){ el.title=el.getAttribute('data-copy-title-copied')||el.title; setTimeout(function(){ el.title=el.getAttribute('data-copy-title-click')||el.title; }, 2000); });" style="cursor: pointer;">${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}</code>
                             </div>
                         ` : ''}
                         <div class="retrieval-log-detail-item">
-                            <span class="detail-label">检索结果</span>
+                            <span class="detail-label">${_t('retrievalLogs.retrievalResult')}</span>
                             <span class="detail-value ${hasResults ? 'text-success' : 'text-muted'}">
-                                ${hasResults ? (itemCount > 0 ? `找到 ${itemCount} 个相关知识项` : '找到相关知识项（数量未知）') : '未找到匹配的知识项'}
+                                ${hasResults ? (itemCount > 0 ? _t('retrievalLogs.foundCount', { count: itemCount }) : _t('retrievalLogs.foundUnknown')) : _t('retrievalLogs.noMatch')}
                             </span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     ${hasResults && log.retrievedItems && log.retrievedItems.length > 0 ? `
                         <div class="retrieval-log-items-preview">
-                            <div class="retrieval-log-items-label">检索到的知识项:</div>
+                            <div class="retrieval-log-items-label">${_t('retrievalLogs.retrievedItemsLabel')}</div>
                             <div class="retrieval-log-items-list">
                                 ${log.retrievedItems.slice(0, 3).map((itemId, idx) => `
                                     <span class="retrieval-log-item-tag">${idx + 1}</span>
@@ -1437,13 +1419,13 @@ function renderRetrievalLogs(logs) {
                                 <path d="M1 12s4-8 11-8 11 8 11 8-4 8-11 8-11-8-11-8z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                 <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
-                            查看详情
+                            ${_t('retrievalLogs.viewDetails')}
                         </button>
-                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-sm retrieval-log-delete-btn" onclick="deleteRetrievalLog('${escapeHtml(log.id)}', ${index})" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-left: 8px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; color: var(--error-color, #dc3545); border-color: var(--error-color, #dc3545);" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.1)'; this.style.color='#dc3545';" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor=''; this.style.color='var(--error-color, #dc3545)';" title="删除">
+                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-sm retrieval-log-delete-btn" onclick="deleteRetrievalLog('${escapeHtml(log.id)}', ${index})" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-left: 8px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; color: var(--error-color, #dc3545); border-color: var(--error-color, #dc3545);" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.1)'; this.style.color='#dc3545';" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor=''; this.style.color='var(--error-color, #dc3545)';" title="${_t('common.delete')}">
                             <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                 <path d="M3 6h18M19 6v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6m3 0V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
-                            删除
+                            ${_t('common.delete')}
                         </button>
                     </div>
                 </div>
@@ -1480,22 +1462,25 @@ function updateRetrievalStats(logs) {
     
     statsContainer.innerHTML = `
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">总检索次数</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.totalRetrievals">总检索次数</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${totalLogs}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功检索</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRetrievals">成功检索</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value text-success">${successfulLogs}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功率</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRate">成功率</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${successRate}%</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">检索到知识项</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.retrievedItems">检索到知识项</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${totalItems}</span>
         </div>
     `;
+    if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+        window.applyTranslations(statsContainer);
+    }
 }
 
 // 获取相对时间
@@ -1591,7 +1576,7 @@ function refreshRetrievalLogs() {
 
 // 删除检索日志
 async function deleteRetrievalLog(id, index) {
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除这条检索记录吗？')) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('retrievalLogs.deleteConfirm'))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1677,7 +1662,7 @@ async function deleteRetrievalLog(id, index) {
             }
         }
         
-        showNotification('❌ 删除检索日志失败: ' + error.message, 'error');
+        showNotification(_t('retrievalLogs.deleteError') + ': ' + error.message, 'error');
     }
 }
 
@@ -1699,12 +1684,11 @@ function updateRetrievalStatsAfterDelete() {
         const badge = card.querySelector('.retrieval-log-result-badge');
         if (badge && badge.classList.contains('success')) {
             const text = badge.textContent.trim();
-            const match = text.match(/(\d+)\s*项/);
+            const match = text.match(/(\d+)/);
             if (match) {
-                return sum + parseInt(match[1]);
-            } else if (text === '有结果') {
-                return sum + 1; // 简化处理，假设为1
+                return sum + parseInt(match[1], 10);
             }
+            return sum + 1; // 有结果但数量未知（如 "Has results" / "有结果"）
         }
         return sum;
     }, 0);
@@ -1713,28 +1697,31 @@ function updateRetrievalStatsAfterDelete() {
     
     statsContainer.innerHTML = `
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">总检索次数</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.totalRetrievals">总检索次数</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${totalLogs}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功检索</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRetrievals">成功检索</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value text-success">${successfulLogs}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功率</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRate">成功率</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${successRate}%</span>
         </div>
         <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-            <span class="retrieval-stat-label">检索到知识项</span>
+            <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.retrievedItems">检索到知识项</span>
             <span class="retrieval-stat-value">${totalItems}</span>
         </div>
     `;
+    if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+        window.applyTranslations(statsContainer);
+    }
 }
 
 // 显示检索日志详情
 async function showRetrievalLogDetails(index) {
     if (!retrievalLogsData || index < 0 || index >= retrievalLogsData.length) {
-        showNotification('无法获取检索详情', 'error');
+        showNotification(_t('retrievalLogs.detailError'), 'error');
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1783,16 +1770,19 @@ function showRetrievalLogDetailsModal(log, retrievedItems) {
         modal.innerHTML = `
             <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 900px; max-height: 90vh; overflow-y: auto;">
                 <div class="modal-header">
-                    <h2>检索详情</h2>
+                    <h2 data-i18n="retrievalLogs.detailsTitle">检索详情</h2>
                     <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeRetrievalLogDetailsModal()">&times;</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="modal-body" id="retrieval-log-details-content">
                 </div>
                 <div class="modal-footer">
-                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeRetrievalLogDetailsModal()">关闭</button>
+                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeRetrievalLogDetailsModal()" data-i18n="common.close">关闭</button>
                 </div>
             </div>
         `;
+        if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+            window.applyTranslations(modal);
+        }
         document.body.appendChild(modal);
     }
     
@@ -1816,57 +1806,57 @@ function showRetrievalLogDetailsModal(log, retrievedItems) {
             return `
                 <div class="retrieval-detail-item-card" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 8px; background: var(--bg-secondary);">
                     <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: start; margin-bottom: 8px;">
-                        <h4 style="margin: 0; color: var(--text-primary);">${idx + 1}. ${escapeHtml(item.title || '未命名')}</h4>
-                        <span style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary);">${escapeHtml(item.category || '未分类')}</span>
+                        <h4 style="margin: 0; color: var(--text-primary);">${idx + 1}. ${escapeHtml(item.title || _t('retrievalLogs.untitled'))}</h4>
+                        <span style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary);">${escapeHtml(item.category || _t('retrievalLogs.uncategorized'))}</span>
                     </div>
                     ${item.filePath ? `<div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 8px;">📁 ${escapeHtml(item.filePath)}</div>` : ''}
                     <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.6;">
-                        ${escapeHtml(previewText || '无内容预览')}
+                        ${escapeHtml(previewText || _t('retrievalLogs.noContentPreview'))}
                     </div>
                 </div>
             `;
         }).join('');
     } else {
-        itemsHtml = '<div style="padding: 16px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">未找到知识项详情</div>';
+        itemsHtml = '<div style="padding: 16px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">' + _t('retrievalLogs.noItemDetails') + '</div>';
     }
     
     content.innerHTML = `
         <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px;">
             <div class="retrieval-detail-section">
-                <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">查询信息</h3>
+                <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">${_t('retrievalLogs.queryInfo')}</h3>
                 <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);">
-                    <div style="font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--text-primary);">查询内容:</div>
-                    <div style="color: var(--text-primary); line-height: 1.6; word-break: break-word;">${escapeHtml(log.query || '无查询内容')}</div>
+                    <div style="font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--text-primary);">${_t('retrievalLogs.queryContent')}</div>
+                    <div style="color: var(--text-primary); line-height: 1.6; word-break: break-word;">${escapeHtml(log.query || _t('retrievalLogs.noQuery'))}</div>
                 </div>
             </div>
             
             <div class="retrieval-detail-section">
-                <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">检索信息</h3>
+                <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">${_t('retrievalLogs.retrievalInfo')}</h3>
                 <div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr)); gap: 12px;">
                     ${log.riskType ? `
                         <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px;">
-                            <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">风险类型</div>
+                            <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">${_t('retrievalLogs.riskType')}</div>
                             <div style="font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-primary);">${escapeHtml(log.riskType)}</div>
                         </div>
                     ` : ''}
                     <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px;">
-                        <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">检索时间</div>
+                        <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">${_t('retrievalLogs.retrievalTime')}</div>
                         <div style="font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-primary);" title="${fullTime}">${timeAgo}</div>
                     </div>
                     <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px;">
-                        <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">检索结果</div>
-                        <div style="font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-primary);">${retrievedItems.length} 个知识项</div>
+                        <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">${_t('retrievalLogs.retrievalResult')}</div>
+                        <div style="font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-primary);">${_t('retrievalLogs.itemsCount', { count: retrievedItems.length })}</div>
                     </div>
                 </div>
             </div>
             
             ${log.conversationId || log.messageId ? `
                 <div class="retrieval-detail-section">
-                    <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">关联信息</h3>
+                    <h3 style="margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-size: 1.125rem; color: var(--text-primary);">${_t('retrievalLogs.relatedInfo')}</h3>
                     <div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr)); gap: 12px;">
                         ${log.conversationId ? `
                             <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px;">
-                                <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">对话ID</div>
+                                <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">${_t('retrievalLogs.conversationId')}</div>
                                 <code style="font-size: 0.8125rem; color: var(--text-primary); word-break: break-all; cursor: pointer;" 
                                       onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}'); this.title='已复制!'; setTimeout(() => this.title='点击复制', 2000);" 
                                       title="点击复制">${escapeHtml(log.conversationId)}</code>
@@ -1874,7 +1864,7 @@ function showRetrievalLogDetailsModal(log, retrievedItems) {
                         ` : ''}
                         ${log.messageId ? `
                             <div style="padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 6px;">
-                                <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">消息ID</div>
+                                <div style="font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 4px;">${_t('retrievalLogs.messageId')}</div>
                                 <code style="font-size: 0.8125rem; color: var(--text-primary); word-break: break-all; cursor: pointer;" 
                                       onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText('${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}'); this.title='已复制!'; setTimeout(() => this.title='点击复制', 2000);" 
                                       title="点击复制">${escapeHtml(log.messageId)}</code>
@@ -1910,6 +1900,22 @@ window.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
     }
 });
 
+// 语言切换时重新渲染检索历史列表与统计，使动态内容随语言更新；知识管理页的「未启用」区块已使用 data-i18n，会由 applyTranslations(document) 自动更新
+document.addEventListener('languagechange', function () {
+    var cur = typeof window.currentPage === 'function' ? window.currentPage() : (window.currentPage || '');
+    if (cur === 'knowledge-retrieval-logs') {
+        if (retrievalLogsData && retrievalLogsData.length >= 0) {
+            renderRetrievalLogs(retrievalLogsData);
+        }
+    } else if (cur === 'knowledge-management') {
+        // 仅对「知识库未启用」状态：已有 data-i18n，applyTranslations 已处理；此处可选地重新应用一次以兼容旧 DOM
+        var listEl = document.getElementById('knowledge-items-list');
+        if (listEl && typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+            window.applyTranslations(listEl);
+        }
+    }
+});
+
 // 页面切换时加载数据
 if (typeof switchPage === 'function') {
     const originalSwitchPage = switchPage;
diff --git a/web/static/js/monitor.js b/web/static/js/monitor.js
index c86b9aa9..b64535f9 100644
--- a/web/static/js/monitor.js
+++ b/web/static/js/monitor.js
@@ -1138,10 +1138,10 @@ async function refreshMonitorPanel(page = null) {
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('刷新监控面板失败:', error);
         if (statsContainer) {
-            statsContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">无法加载统计信息：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
+            statsContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">${escapeHtml(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.loadStatsError') : '无法加载统计信息')}：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
         }
         if (execContainer) {
-            execContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">无法加载执行记录：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
+            execContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">${escapeHtml(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.loadExecutionsError') : '无法加载执行记录')}：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1215,10 +1215,10 @@ async function refreshMonitorPanelWithFilter(statusFilter = 'all', toolFilter =
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('刷新监控面板失败:', error);
         if (statsContainer) {
-            statsContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">无法加载统计信息：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
+            statsContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">${escapeHtml(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.loadStatsError') : '无法加载统计信息')}：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
         }
         if (execContainer) {
-            execContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">无法加载执行记录：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
+            execContainer.innerHTML = `<div class="monitor-error">${escapeHtml(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.loadExecutionsError') : '无法加载执行记录')}：${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1232,7 +1232,8 @@ function renderMonitorStats(statsMap = {}, lastFetchedAt = null) {
 
     const entries = Object.values(statsMap);
     if (entries.length === 0) {
-        container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">暂无统计数据</div>';
+        const noStats = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.noStatsData') : '暂无统计数据';
+        container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">' + escapeHtml(noStats) + '</div>';
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1252,24 +1253,32 @@ function renderMonitorStats(statsMap = {}, lastFetchedAt = null) {
     );
 
     const successRate = totals.total > 0 ? ((totals.success / totals.total) * 100).toFixed(1) : '0.0';
-    const lastUpdatedText = lastFetchedAt ? lastFetchedAt.toLocaleString('zh-CN') : 'N/A';
-    const lastCallText = totals.lastCallTime ? totals.lastCallTime.toLocaleString('zh-CN') : '暂无调用';
+    const locale = (typeof window.__locale === 'string' && window.__locale.startsWith('zh')) ? 'zh-CN' : undefined;
+    const lastUpdatedText = lastFetchedAt ? (lastFetchedAt.toLocaleString ? lastFetchedAt.toLocaleString(locale || 'en-US') : String(lastFetchedAt)) : 'N/A';
+    const noCallsYet = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.noCallsYet') : '暂无调用';
+    const lastCallText = totals.lastCallTime ? (totals.lastCallTime.toLocaleString ? totals.lastCallTime.toLocaleString(locale || 'en-US') : String(totals.lastCallTime)) : noCallsYet;
+    const totalCallsLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.totalCalls') : '总调用次数';
+    const successFailedLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.successFailed', { success: totals.success, failed: totals.failed }) : `成功 ${totals.success} / 失败 ${totals.failed}`;
+    const successRateLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.successRate') : '成功率';
+    const statsFromAll = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.statsFromAllTools') : '统计自全部工具调用';
+    const lastCallLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.lastCall') : '最近一次调用';
+    const lastRefreshLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.lastRefreshTime') : '最后刷新时间';
 
     let html = `
         <div class="monitor-stat-card">
-            <h4>总调用次数</h4>
+            <h4>${escapeHtml(totalCallsLabel)}</h4>
             <div class="monitor-stat-value">${totals.total}</div>
-            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">成功 ${totals.success} / 失败 ${totals.failed}</div>
+            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">${escapeHtml(successFailedLabel)}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="monitor-stat-card">
-            <h4>成功率</h4>
+            <h4>${escapeHtml(successRateLabel)}</h4>
             <div class="monitor-stat-value">${successRate}%</div>
-            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">统计自全部工具调用</div>
+            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">${escapeHtml(statsFromAll)}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="monitor-stat-card">
-            <h4>最近一次调用</h4>
-            <div class="monitor-stat-value" style="font-size:1rem;">${lastCallText}</div>
-            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">最后刷新时间：${lastUpdatedText}</div>
+            <h4>${escapeHtml(lastCallLabel)}</h4>
+            <div class="monitor-stat-value" style="font-size:1rem;">${escapeHtml(lastCallText)}</div>
+            <div class="monitor-stat-meta">${escapeHtml(lastRefreshLabel)}：${escapeHtml(lastUpdatedText)}</div>
         </div>
     `;
 
@@ -1280,14 +1289,16 @@ function renderMonitorStats(statsMap = {}, lastFetchedAt = null) {
         .sort((a, b) => (b.totalCalls || 0) - (a.totalCalls || 0))
         .slice(0, 4);
 
+    const unknownToolLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.unknownTool') : '未知工具';
     topTools.forEach(tool => {
         const toolSuccessRate = tool.totalCalls > 0 ? ((tool.successCalls || 0) / tool.totalCalls * 100).toFixed(1) : '0.0';
+        const toolMeta = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.successFailedRate', { success: tool.successCalls || 0, failed: tool.failedCalls || 0, rate: toolSuccessRate }) : `成功 ${tool.successCalls || 0} / 失败 ${tool.failedCalls || 0} · 成功率 ${toolSuccessRate}%`;
         html += `
             <div class="monitor-stat-card">
-                <h4>${escapeHtml(tool.toolName || '未知工具')}</h4>
+                <h4>${escapeHtml(tool.toolName || unknownToolLabel)}</h4>
                 <div class="monitor-stat-value">${tool.totalCalls || 0}</div>
                 <div class="monitor-stat-meta">
-                    成功 ${tool.successCalls || 0} / 失败 ${tool.failedCalls || 0} · 成功率 ${toolSuccessRate}%
+                    ${escapeHtml(toolMeta)}
                 </div>
             </div>
         `;
@@ -1307,10 +1318,12 @@ function renderMonitorExecutions(executions = [], statusFilter = 'all') {
         const toolFilter = document.getElementById('monitor-tool-filter');
         const currentToolFilter = toolFilter ? toolFilter.value : 'all';
         const hasFilter = (statusFilter && statusFilter !== 'all') || (currentToolFilter && currentToolFilter !== 'all');
+        const noRecordsFilter = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.noRecordsWithFilter') : '当前筛选条件下暂无记录';
+        const noExecutions = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.noExecutions') : '暂无执行记录';
         if (hasFilter) {
-            container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">当前筛选条件下暂无记录</div>';
+            container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">' + escapeHtml(noRecordsFilter) + '</div>';
         } else {
-            container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">暂无执行记录</div>';
+            container.innerHTML = '<div class="monitor-empty">' + escapeHtml(noExecutions) + '</div>';
         }
         // 隐藏批量操作栏
         const batchActions = document.getElementById('monitor-batch-actions');
@@ -1322,14 +1335,22 @@ function renderMonitorExecutions(executions = [], statusFilter = 'all') {
 
     // 由于筛选已经在后端完成，这里直接使用所有传入的执行记录
     // 不再需要前端再次筛选，因为后端已经返回了筛选后的数据
+    const unknownLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.unknown') : '未知';
+    const unknownToolLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.unknownTool') : '未知工具';
+    const viewDetailLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.viewDetail') : '查看详情';
+    const deleteLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.delete') : '删除';
+    const deleteExecTitle = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.deleteExecTitle') : '删除此执行记录';
+    const statusKeyMap = { pending: 'statusPending', running: 'statusRunning', completed: 'statusCompleted', failed: 'statusFailed' };
+    const locale = (typeof window.__locale === 'string' && window.__locale.startsWith('zh')) ? 'zh-CN' : undefined;
     const rows = executions
         .map(exec => {
             const status = (exec.status || 'unknown').toLowerCase();
             const statusClass = `monitor-status-chip ${status}`;
-            const statusLabel = getStatusText(status);
-            const startTime = exec.startTime ? new Date(exec.startTime).toLocaleString('zh-CN') : '未知';
+            const statusKey = statusKeyMap[status];
+            const statusLabel = (typeof window.t === 'function' && statusKey) ? window.t('mcpMonitor.' + statusKey) : getStatusText(status);
+            const startTime = exec.startTime ? (new Date(exec.startTime).toLocaleString ? new Date(exec.startTime).toLocaleString(locale || 'en-US') : String(exec.startTime)) : unknownLabel;
             const duration = formatExecutionDuration(exec.startTime, exec.endTime);
-            const toolName = escapeHtml(exec.toolName || '未知工具');
+            const toolName = escapeHtml(exec.toolName || unknownToolLabel);
             const executionId = escapeHtml(exec.id || '');
             return `
                 <tr>
@@ -1337,13 +1358,13 @@ function renderMonitorExecutions(executions = [], statusFilter = 'all') {
                         <input type="checkbox" class="monitor-execution-checkbox" value="${executionId}" onchange="updateBatchActionsState()" />
                     </td>
                     <td>${toolName}</td>
-                    <td><span class="${statusClass}">${statusLabel}</span></td>
-                    <td>${startTime}</td>
-                    <td>${duration}</td>
+                    <td><span class="${statusClass}">${escapeHtml(statusLabel)}</span></td>
+                    <td>${escapeHtml(startTime)}</td>
+                    <td>${escapeHtml(duration)}</td>
                     <td>
                         <div class="monitor-execution-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="showMCPDetail('${executionId}')">查看详情</button>
-                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-delete" onclick="deleteExecution('${executionId}')" title="删除此执行记录">删除</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="showMCPDetail('${executionId}')">${escapeHtml(viewDetailLabel)}</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-delete" onclick="deleteExecution('${executionId}')" title="${escapeHtml(deleteExecTitle)}">${escapeHtml(deleteLabel)}</button>
                         </div>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -1365,6 +1386,11 @@ function renderMonitorExecutions(executions = [], statusFilter = 'all') {
     // 创建表格容器
     const tableContainer = document.createElement('div');
     tableContainer.className = 'monitor-table-container';
+    const colTool = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.columnTool') : '工具';
+    const colStatus = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.columnStatus') : '状态';
+    const colStartTime = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.columnStartTime') : '开始时间';
+    const colDuration = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.columnDuration') : '耗时';
+    const colActions = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.columnActions') : '操作';
     tableContainer.innerHTML = `
         <table class="monitor-table">
             <thead>
@@ -1372,11 +1398,11 @@ function renderMonitorExecutions(executions = [], statusFilter = 'all') {
                     <th style="width: 40px;">
                         <input type="checkbox" id="monitor-select-all" onchange="toggleSelectAll(this)" />
                     </th>
-                    <th>工具</th>
-                    <th>状态</th>
-                    <th>开始时间</th>
-                    <th>耗时</th>
-                    <th>操作</th>
+                    <th>${escapeHtml(colTool)}</th>
+                    <th>${escapeHtml(colStatus)}</th>
+                    <th>${escapeHtml(colStartTime)}</th>
+                    <th>${escapeHtml(colDuration)}</th>
+                    <th>${escapeHtml(colActions)}</th>
                 </tr>
             </thead>
             <tbody>${rows}</tbody>
@@ -1415,12 +1441,18 @@ function renderMonitorPagination() {
     // 处理没有数据的情况
     const startItem = total === 0 ? 0 : (page - 1) * pageSize + 1;
     const endItem = total === 0 ? 0 : Math.min(page * pageSize, total);
-    
+    const paginationInfoText = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.paginationInfo', { start: startItem, end: endItem, total: total }) : `显示 ${startItem}-${endItem} / 共 ${total} 条记录`;
+    const perPageLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.perPageLabel') : '每页显示';
+    const firstPageLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.firstPage') : '首页';
+    const prevPageLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.prevPage') : '上一页';
+    const pageInfoText = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.pageInfo', { page: page, total: totalPages || 1 }) : `第 ${page} / ${totalPages || 1} 页`;
+    const nextPageLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.nextPage') : '下一页';
+    const lastPageLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.lastPage') : '末页';
     pagination.innerHTML = `
         <div class="pagination-info">
-            <span>显示 ${startItem}-${endItem} / 共 ${total} 条记录</span>
+            <span>${escapeHtml(paginationInfoText)}</span>
             <label class="pagination-page-size">
-                每页显示
+                ${escapeHtml(perPageLabel)}
                 <select id="monitor-page-size" onchange="changeMonitorPageSize()">
                     <option value="10" ${pageSize === 10 ? 'selected' : ''}>10</option>
                     <option value="20" ${pageSize === 20 ? 'selected' : ''}>20</option>
@@ -1430,11 +1462,11 @@ function renderMonitorPagination() {
             </label>
         </div>
         <div class="pagination-controls">
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(1)" ${page === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>首页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${page - 1})" ${page === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>上一页</button>
-            <span class="pagination-page">第 ${page} / ${totalPages || 1} 页</span>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${page + 1})" ${page >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>下一页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${totalPages || 1})" ${page >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>末页</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(1)" ${page === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${escapeHtml(firstPageLabel)}</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${page - 1})" ${page === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${escapeHtml(prevPageLabel)}</button>
+            <span class="pagination-page">${escapeHtml(pageInfoText)}</span>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${page + 1})" ${page >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${escapeHtml(nextPageLabel)}</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel(${totalPages || 1})" ${page >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${escapeHtml(lastPageLabel)}</button>
         </div>
     `;
     
@@ -1450,8 +1482,8 @@ async function deleteExecution(executionId) {
         return;
     }
     
-    // 确认删除
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除此执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。')) {
+    const deleteConfirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.deleteExecConfirmSingle') : '确定要删除此执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。';
+    if (!confirm(deleteConfirmMsg)) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1462,17 +1494,20 @@ async function deleteExecution(executionId) {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(error.error || '删除执行记录失败');
+            const deleteFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.deleteExecFailed') : '删除执行记录失败';
+            throw new Error(error.error || deleteFailedMsg);
         }
         
         // 删除成功后刷新当前页面
         const currentPage = monitorState.pagination.page;
         await refreshMonitorPanel(currentPage);
         
-        alert('执行记录已删除');
+        const execDeletedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.execDeleted') : '执行记录已删除';
+        alert(execDeletedMsg);
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除执行记录失败:', error);
-        alert('删除执行记录失败: ' + error.message);
+        const deleteFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.deleteExecFailed') : '删除执行记录失败';
+        alert(deleteFailedMsg + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1488,7 +1523,7 @@ function updateBatchActionsState() {
             batchActions.style.display = 'flex';
         }
         if (selectedCountSpan) {
-            selectedCountSpan.textContent = `已选择 ${selectedCount} 项`;
+            selectedCountSpan.textContent = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.selectedCount', { count: selectedCount }) : `已选择 ${selectedCount} 项`;
         }
     } else {
         if (batchActions) {
@@ -1547,15 +1582,15 @@ function deselectAllExecutions() {
 async function batchDeleteExecutions() {
     const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('.monitor-execution-checkbox:checked');
     if (checkboxes.length === 0) {
-        alert('请先选择要删除的执行记录');
+        const selectFirstMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.selectExecFirst') : '请先选择要删除的执行记录';
+        alert(selectFirstMsg);
         return;
     }
     
     const ids = Array.from(checkboxes).map(cb => cb.value);
     const count = ids.length;
-    
-    // 确认删除
-    if (!confirm(`确定要删除选中的 ${count} 条执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。`)) {
+    const batchConfirmMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.batchDeleteConfirm', { count: count }) : `确定要删除选中的 ${count} 条执行记录吗？此操作不可恢复。`;
+    if (!confirm(batchConfirmMsg)) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1570,7 +1605,8 @@ async function batchDeleteExecutions() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(error.error || '批量删除执行记录失败');
+            const batchFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.batchDeleteFailed') : '批量删除执行记录失败';
+            throw new Error(error.error || batchFailedMsg);
         }
         
         const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
@@ -1580,33 +1616,42 @@ async function batchDeleteExecutions() {
         const currentPage = monitorState.pagination.page;
         await refreshMonitorPanel(currentPage);
         
-        alert(`成功删除 ${deletedCount} 条执行记录`);
+        const batchSuccessMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.batchDeleteSuccess', { count: deletedCount }) : `成功删除 ${deletedCount} 条执行记录`;
+        alert(batchSuccessMsg);
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('批量删除执行记录失败:', error);
-        alert('批量删除执行记录失败: ' + error.message);
+        const batchFailedMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.batchDeleteFailed') : '批量删除执行记录失败';
+        alert(batchFailedMsg + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
 function formatExecutionDuration(start, end) {
+    const unknownLabel = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.unknown') : '未知';
     if (!start) {
-        return '未知';
+        return unknownLabel;
     }
     const startTime = new Date(start);
     const endTime = end ? new Date(end) : new Date();
     if (Number.isNaN(startTime.getTime()) || Number.isNaN(endTime.getTime())) {
-        return '未知';
+        return unknownLabel;
     }
     const diffMs = Math.max(0, endTime - startTime);
     const seconds = Math.floor(diffMs / 1000);
     if (seconds < 60) {
-        return `${seconds} 秒`;
+        return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.durationSeconds', { n: seconds }) : seconds + ' 秒';
     }
     const minutes = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
     if (minutes < 60) {
         const remain = seconds % 60;
-        return remain > 0 ? `${minutes} 分 ${remain} 秒` : `${minutes} 分`;
+        if (remain > 0) {
+            return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.durationMinutes', { minutes: minutes, seconds: remain }) : minutes + ' 分 ' + remain + ' 秒';
+        }
+        return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.durationMinutesOnly', { minutes: minutes }) : minutes + ' 分';
     }
     const hours = Math.floor(minutes / 60);
     const remainMinutes = minutes % 60;
-    return remainMinutes > 0 ? `${hours} 小时 ${remainMinutes} 分` : `${hours} 小时`;
+    if (remainMinutes > 0) {
+        return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.durationHours', { hours: hours, minutes: remainMinutes }) : hours + ' 小时 ' + remainMinutes + ' 分';
+    }
+    return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcpMonitor.durationHoursOnly', { hours: hours }) : hours + ' 小时';
 }
diff --git a/web/static/js/roles.js b/web/static/js/roles.js
index 5053a948..cf990fa5 100644
--- a/web/static/js/roles.js
+++ b/web/static/js/roles.js
@@ -108,11 +108,13 @@ function updateRoleSelectorDisplay() {
             }
         }
         roleSelectorIcon.textContent = icon;
-        roleSelectorText.textContent = selectedRole.name || '默认';
+        const displayName = (selectedRole.name === '默认' || !selectedRole.name) && typeof window.t === 'function'
+            ? window.t('chat.defaultRole') : (selectedRole.name || (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.defaultRole') : '默认'));
+        roleSelectorText.textContent = displayName;
     } else {
         // 默认角色
         roleSelectorIcon.textContent = '🔵';
-        roleSelectorText.textContent = '默认';
+        roleSelectorText.textContent = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('chat.defaultRole') : '默认';
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/web/static/js/settings.js b/web/static/js/settings.js
index 4a150ade..a1118eef 100644
--- a/web/static/js/settings.js
+++ b/web/static/js/settings.js
@@ -255,7 +255,10 @@ async function loadConfig(loadTools = true) {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('加载配置失败:', error);
-        alert('加载配置失败: ' + error.message);
+        const baseMsg = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+            ? window.t('settings.apply.loadFailed')
+            : '加载配置失败';
+        alert(baseMsg + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -269,7 +272,7 @@ async function loadToolsList(page = 1, searchKeyword = '') {
     // 显示加载状态
     if (toolsList) {
         // 清空整个容器，包括可能存在的分页控件
-        toolsList.innerHTML = '<div class="tools-list-items"><div class="loading" style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">⏳ 正在加载工具列表...</div></div>';
+        toolsList.innerHTML = '<div class="tools-list-items"><div class="loading" style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">⏳ ' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.loadingTools') : '正在加载工具列表...') + '</div></div>';
     }
     
     try {
@@ -324,8 +327,8 @@ async function loadToolsList(page = 1, searchKeyword = '') {
         if (toolsList) {
             const isTimeout = error.name === 'AbortError' || error.message.includes('timeout');
             const errorMsg = isTimeout 
-                ? '加载工具列表超时，可能是外部MCP连接较慢。请点击"刷新"按钮重试，或检查外部MCP连接状态。'
-                : `加载工具列表失败: ${escapeHtml(error.message)}`;
+                ? (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.loadToolsTimeout') : '加载工具列表超时，可能是外部MCP连接较慢。请点击"刷新"按钮重试，或检查外部MCP连接状态。')
+                : (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.loadToolsFailed') : '加载工具列表失败') + ': ' + escapeHtml(error.message);
             toolsList.innerHTML = `<div class="error" style="padding: 20px; text-align: center;">${errorMsg}</div>`;
         }
     }
@@ -399,7 +402,7 @@ function renderToolsList() {
     listContainer.innerHTML = '';
     
     if (allTools.length === 0) {
-        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty">暂无工具</div>';
+        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty">' + (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.noTools') : '暂无工具') + '</div>';
         if (!toolsList.contains(listContainer)) {
             toolsList.appendChild(listContainer);
         }
@@ -428,8 +431,8 @@ function renderToolsList() {
         let externalBadge = '';
         if (toolState.is_external || tool.is_external) {
             const externalMcpName = toolState.external_mcp || tool.external_mcp || '';
-            const badgeText = externalMcpName ? `外部 (${escapeHtml(externalMcpName)})` : '外部';
-            const badgeTitle = externalMcpName ? `外部MCP工具 - 来源：${escapeHtml(externalMcpName)}` : '外部MCP工具';
+            const badgeText = externalMcpName ? (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.externalFrom', { name: escapeHtml(externalMcpName) }) : `外部 (${escapeHtml(externalMcpName)})`) : (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.externalBadge') : '外部');
+            const badgeTitle = externalMcpName ? (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.externalToolFrom', { name: escapeHtml(externalMcpName) }) : `外部MCP工具 - 来源：${escapeHtml(externalMcpName)}`) : (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.externalBadge') : '外部MCP工具');
             externalBadge = `<span class="external-tool-badge" title="${badgeTitle}">${badgeText}</span>`;
         }
         
@@ -443,7 +446,7 @@ function renderToolsList() {
                     ${escapeHtml(tool.name)}
                     ${externalBadge}
                 </div>
-                <div class="tool-item-desc">${escapeHtml(tool.description || '无描述')}</div>
+                <div class="tool-item-desc">${escapeHtml(tool.description || (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.noDescription') : '无描述'))}</div>
             </div>
         `;
         listContainer.appendChild(toolItem);
@@ -481,12 +484,19 @@ function renderToolsPagination() {
     const endItem = Math.min(page * toolsPagination.pageSize, total);
     
     const savedPageSize = getToolsPageSize();
+    const t = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t : (k) => k;
+    const paginationT = (key, opts) => {
+        if (typeof window.t === 'function') return window.t(key, opts);
+        if (key === 'mcp.paginationInfo' && opts) return `显示 ${opts.start}-${opts.end} / 共 ${opts.total} 个工具`;
+        if (key === 'mcp.pageInfo' && opts) return `第 ${opts.page} / ${opts.total} 页`;
+        return key;
+    };
     pagination.innerHTML = `
         <div class="pagination-info">
-            显示 ${startItem}-${endItem} / 共 ${total} 个工具${toolsSearchKeyword ? ` (搜索: "${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}")` : ''}
+            ${paginationT('mcp.paginationInfo', { start: startItem, end: endItem, total: total })}${toolsSearchKeyword ? ` (${t('common.search')}: "${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}")` : ''}
         </div>
         <div class="pagination-page-size">
-            <label for="tools-page-size-pagination">每页:</label>
+            <label for="tools-page-size-pagination">${t('mcp.perPage')}</label>
             <select id="tools-page-size-pagination" onchange="changeToolsPageSize()">
                 <option value="10" ${savedPageSize === 10 ? 'selected' : ''}>10</option>
                 <option value="20" ${savedPageSize === 20 ? 'selected' : ''}>20</option>
@@ -495,11 +505,11 @@ function renderToolsPagination() {
             </select>
         </div>
         <div class="pagination-controls">
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(1, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === 1 ? 'disabled' : ''}>首页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${page - 1}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === 1 ? 'disabled' : ''}>上一页</button>
-            <span class="pagination-page">第 ${page} / ${totalPages} 页</span>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${page + 1}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === totalPages ? 'disabled' : ''}>下一页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${totalPages}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === totalPages ? 'disabled' : ''}>末页</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(1, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === 1 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${t('mcp.firstPage')}</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${page - 1}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === 1 ? 'disabled' : ''}>${t('mcp.prevPage')}</button>
+            <span class="pagination-page">${paginationT('mcp.pageInfo', { page: page, total: totalPages })}</span>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${page + 1}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === totalPages ? 'disabled' : ''}>${t('mcp.nextPage')}</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadToolsList(${totalPages}, '${escapeHtml(toolsSearchKeyword)}')" ${page === totalPages ? 'disabled' : ''}>${t('mcp.lastPage')}</button>
         </div>
     `;
     
@@ -693,9 +703,10 @@ async function updateToolsStats() {
         totalEnabled = currentPageEnabled;
     }
     
+    const tStats = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t : (k) => k;
     statsEl.innerHTML = `
-        <span title="当前页启用的工具数">✅ 当前页已启用: <strong>${currentPageEnabled}</strong> / ${currentPageTotal}</span>
-        <span title="所有工具中启用的工具总数">📊 总计已启用: <strong>${totalEnabled}</strong> / ${totalTools}</span>
+        <span title="${tStats('mcp.currentPageEnabled')}">✅ ${tStats('mcp.currentPageEnabled')}: <strong>${currentPageEnabled}</strong> / ${currentPageTotal}</span>
+        <span title="${tStats('mcp.totalEnabled')}">📊 ${tStats('mcp.totalEnabled')}: <strong>${totalEnabled}</strong> / ${totalTools}</span>
     `;
 }
 
@@ -737,7 +748,10 @@ async function applySettings() {
         }
         
         if (hasError) {
-            alert('请填写所有必填字段（标记为 * 的字段）');
+            const msg = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                ? window.t('settings.apply.fillRequired')
+                : '请填写所有必填字段（标记为 * 的字段）';
+            alert(msg);
             return;
         }
         
@@ -896,7 +910,10 @@ async function applySettings() {
         
         if (!updateResponse.ok) {
             const error = await updateResponse.json();
-            throw new Error(error.error || '更新配置失败');
+            const fallback = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                ? window.t('settings.apply.applyFailed')
+                : '应用配置失败';
+            throw new Error(error.error || fallback);
         }
         
         // 应用配置
@@ -906,14 +923,23 @@ async function applySettings() {
         
         if (!applyResponse.ok) {
             const error = await applyResponse.json();
-            throw new Error(error.error || '应用配置失败');
+            const fallback = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+                ? window.t('settings.apply.applyFailed')
+                : '应用配置失败';
+            throw new Error(error.error || fallback);
         }
         
-        alert('配置已成功应用！');
+        const successMsg = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+            ? window.t('settings.apply.applySuccess')
+            : '配置已成功应用！';
+        alert(successMsg);
         closeSettings();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('应用配置失败:', error);
-        alert('应用配置失败: ' + error.message);
+        const baseMsg = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.t === 'function')
+            ? window.t('settings.apply.applyFailed')
+            : '应用配置失败';
+        alert(baseMsg + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1024,7 +1050,7 @@ async function saveToolsConfig() {
             throw new Error(error.error || '应用配置失败');
         }
         
-        alert('工具配置已成功保存！');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.toolsConfigSaved') : '工具配置已成功保存！');
         
         // 重新加载工具列表以反映最新状态
         if (typeof loadToolsList === 'function') {
@@ -1032,7 +1058,7 @@ async function saveToolsConfig() {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('保存工具配置失败:', error);
-        alert('保存工具配置失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.saveToolsConfigFailed') : '保存工具配置失败') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1079,7 +1105,7 @@ async function changePassword() {
     }
 
     if (hasError) {
-        alert('请正确填写当前密码和新密码，新密码至少 8 位且需要两次输入一致。');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('settings.security.fillPasswordHint') : '请正确填写当前密码和新密码，新密码至少 8 位且需要两次输入一致。');
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1104,13 +1130,14 @@ async function changePassword() {
             throw new Error(result.error || '修改密码失败');
         }
 
-        alert('密码已更新，请使用新密码重新登录。');
+        const pwdMsg = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('settings.security.passwordUpdated') : '密码已更新，请使用新密码重新登录。';
+        alert(pwdMsg);
         resetPasswordForm();
-        handleUnauthorized({ message: '密码已更新，请使用新密码重新登录。', silent: false });
+        handleUnauthorized({ message: pwdMsg, silent: false });
         closeSettings();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('修改密码失败:', error);
-        alert('修改密码失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('settings.security.changePasswordFailed') : '修改密码失败') + ': ' + error.message);
     } finally {
         if (submitBtn) {
             submitBtn.disabled = false;
@@ -1173,7 +1200,8 @@ function renderExternalMCPList(servers) {
     if (!list) return;
     
     if (Object.keys(servers).length === 0) {
-        list.innerHTML = '<div class="empty">📋 暂无外部MCP配置<br><span style="font-size: 0.875rem; margin-top: 8px; display: block;">点击"添加外部MCP"按钮开始配置</span></div>';
+        const emptyT = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t : (k) => k;
+        list.innerHTML = '<div class="empty">📋 ' + emptyT('mcp.noExternalMCP') + '<br><span style="font-size: 0.875rem; margin-top: 8px; display: block;">' + emptyT('mcp.clickToAddExternal') + '</span></div>';
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1184,10 +1212,11 @@ function renderExternalMCPList(servers) {
                            status === 'connecting' ? 'status-connecting' :
                            status === 'error' ? 'status-error' :
                            status === 'disabled' ? 'status-disabled' : 'status-disconnected';
-        const statusText = status === 'connected' ? '已连接' : 
-                          status === 'connecting' ? '连接中...' :
-                          status === 'error' ? '连接失败' :
-                          status === 'disabled' ? '已禁用' : '未连接';
+        const statusT = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t : (k) => k;
+        const statusText = status === 'connected' ? statusT('mcp.connected') : 
+                          status === 'connecting' ? statusT('mcp.connecting') :
+                          status === 'error' ? statusT('mcp.connectionFailed') :
+                          status === 'disabled' ? statusT('mcp.disabled') : statusT('mcp.disconnected');
         const transport = server.config.transport || (server.config.command ? 'stdio' : 'http');
         const transportIcon = transport === 'stdio' ? '⚙️' : '🌐';
         
@@ -1200,15 +1229,15 @@ function renderExternalMCPList(servers) {
                     </div>
                     <div class="external-mcp-item-actions">
                         ${status === 'connected' || status === 'disconnected' || status === 'error' ? 
-                            `<button class="btn-small" id="btn-toggle-${escapeHtml(name)}" onclick="toggleExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}', '${status}')" title="${status === 'connected' ? '停止连接' : '启动连接'}">
-                                ${status === 'connected' ? '⏸ 停止' : '▶ 启动'}
+                            `<button class="btn-small" id="btn-toggle-${escapeHtml(name)}" onclick="toggleExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}', '${status}')" title="${status === 'connected' ? statusT('mcp.stopConnection') : statusT('mcp.startConnection')}">
+                                ${status === 'connected' ? '⏸ ' + statusT('mcp.stop') : '▶ ' + statusT('mcp.start')}
                             </button>` : 
                             status === 'connecting' ? 
                             `<button class="btn-small" id="btn-toggle-${escapeHtml(name)}" disabled style="opacity: 0.6; cursor: not-allowed;">
                                 ⏳ 连接中...
                             </button>` : ''}
-                        <button class="btn-small" onclick="editExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}')" title="编辑配置" ${status === 'connecting' ? 'disabled' : ''}>✏️ 编辑</button>
-                        <button class="btn-small btn-danger" onclick="deleteExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}')" title="删除配置" ${status === 'connecting' ? 'disabled' : ''}>🗑 删除</button>
+                        <button class="btn-small" onclick="editExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}')" title="${statusT('mcp.editConfig')}" ${status === 'connecting' ? 'disabled' : ''}>✏️ ${statusT('common.edit')}</button>
+                        <button class="btn-small btn-danger" onclick="deleteExternalMCP('${escapeHtml(name)}')" title="${statusT('mcp.deleteConfig')}" ${status === 'connecting' ? 'disabled' : ''}>🗑 ${statusT('common.delete')}</button>
                     </div>
                 </div>
                 ${status === 'error' && server.error ? `
@@ -1217,31 +1246,31 @@ function renderExternalMCPList(servers) {
                 </div>` : ''}
                 <div class="external-mcp-item-details">
                     <div>
-                        <strong>传输模式</strong>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.transportMode')}</strong>
                         <span>${transportIcon} ${escapeHtml(transport.toUpperCase())}</span>
                     </div>
                     ${server.tool_count !== undefined && server.tool_count > 0 ? `
                     <div>
-                        <strong>工具数量</strong>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.toolCount')}</strong>
                         <span style="font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-color);">🔧 ${server.tool_count} 个工具</span>
                     </div>` : server.tool_count === 0 && status === 'connected' ? `
                     <div>
-                        <strong>工具数量</strong>
-                        <span style="color: var(--text-muted);">暂无工具</span>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.toolCount')}</strong>
+                        <span style="color: var(--text-muted);">${statusT('mcp.noTools')}</span>
                     </div>` : ''}
                     ${server.config.description ? `
                     <div>
-                        <strong>描述</strong>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.description')}</strong>
                         <span>${escapeHtml(server.config.description)}</span>
                     </div>` : ''}
                     ${server.config.timeout ? `
                     <div>
-                        <strong>超时时间</strong>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.timeout')}</strong>
                         <span>${server.config.timeout} 秒</span>
                     </div>` : ''}
                     ${transport === 'stdio' && server.config.command ? `
                     <div>
-                        <strong>命令</strong>
+                        <strong>${statusT('mcp.command')}</strong>
                         <span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem;">${escapeHtml(server.config.command)}</span>
                     </div>` : ''}
                     ${transport === 'http' && server.config.url ? `
@@ -1267,18 +1296,19 @@ function renderExternalMCPStats(stats) {
     const disabled = stats.disabled || 0;
     const connected = stats.connected || 0;
     
+    const statsT = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t : (k) => k;
     statsEl.innerHTML = `
-        <span title="总配置数">📊 总数: <strong>${total}</strong></span>
-        <span title="已启用的配置数">✅ 已启用: <strong>${enabled}</strong></span>
-        <span title="已停用的配置数">⏸ 已停用: <strong>${disabled}</strong></span>
-        <span title="当前已连接的配置数">🔗 已连接: <strong>${connected}</strong></span>
+        <span title="${statsT('mcp.totalCount')}">📊 ${statsT('mcp.totalCount')}: <strong>${total}</strong></span>
+        <span title="${statsT('mcp.enabledCount')}">✅ ${statsT('mcp.enabledCount')}: <strong>${enabled}</strong></span>
+        <span title="${statsT('mcp.disabledCount')}">⏸ ${statsT('mcp.disabledCount')}: <strong>${disabled}</strong></span>
+        <span title="${statsT('mcp.connectedCount')}">🔗 ${statsT('mcp.connectedCount')}: <strong>${connected}</strong></span>
     `;
 }
 
 // 显示添加外部MCP模态框
 function showAddExternalMCPModal() {
     currentEditingMCPName = null;
-    document.getElementById('external-mcp-modal-title').textContent = '添加外部MCP';
+    document.getElementById('external-mcp-modal-title').textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.addExternalMCP') : '添加外部MCP');
     document.getElementById('external-mcp-json').value = '';
     document.getElementById('external-mcp-json-error').style.display = 'none';
     document.getElementById('external-mcp-json-error').textContent = '';
@@ -1303,7 +1333,7 @@ async function editExternalMCP(name) {
         const server = await response.json();
         currentEditingMCPName = name;
         
-        document.getElementById('external-mcp-modal-title').textContent = '编辑外部MCP';
+        document.getElementById('external-mcp-modal-title').textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.editExternalMCP') : '编辑外部MCP');
         
         // 将配置转换为对象格式（key为名称）
         const config = { ...server.config };
@@ -1325,7 +1355,7 @@ async function editExternalMCP(name) {
         document.getElementById('external-mcp-modal').style.display = 'block';
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('编辑外部MCP失败:', error);
-        alert('编辑失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.operationFailed') : '编辑失败') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1528,7 +1558,7 @@ async function saveExternalMCP() {
         }
         // 轮询几次以拉取后端异步更新的工具数量（无固定延迟，拿到即停）
         pollExternalMCPToolCount(null, 5);
-        alert('保存成功');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.saveSuccess') : '保存成功');
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('保存外部MCP失败:', error);
         errorDiv.textContent = '保存失败: ' + error.message;
@@ -1539,7 +1569,7 @@ async function saveExternalMCP() {
 
 // 删除外部MCP
 async function deleteExternalMCP(name) {
-    if (!confirm(`确定要删除外部MCP "${name}" 吗？`)) {
+    if (!confirm((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.deleteExternalConfirm', { name: name }) : `确定要删除外部MCP "${name}" 吗？`))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1558,10 +1588,10 @@ async function deleteExternalMCP(name) {
         if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.refreshMentionTools === 'function') {
             window.refreshMentionTools();
         }
-        alert('删除成功');
+        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.deleteSuccess') : '删除成功');
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除外部MCP失败:', error);
-        alert('删除失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.operationFailed') : '删除失败') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1626,7 +1656,7 @@ async function toggleExternalMCP(name, currentStatus) {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('切换外部MCP状态失败:', error);
-        alert('操作失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert((typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.operationFailed') : '操作失败') + ': ' + error.message);
         
         // 恢复按钮状态
         if (button) {
@@ -1679,7 +1709,7 @@ async function pollExternalMCPStatus(name, maxAttempts = 30) {
                         window.refreshMentionTools();
                     }
                     if (status === 'error') {
-                        alert('连接失败，请检查配置和网络连接');
+                        alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.connectionFailedCheck') : '连接失败，请检查配置和网络连接');
                     }
                     return;
                 } else if (status === 'connecting') {
@@ -1701,7 +1731,7 @@ async function pollExternalMCPStatus(name, maxAttempts = 30) {
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof window.refreshMentionTools === 'function') {
         window.refreshMentionTools();
     }
-    alert('连接超时，请检查配置和网络连接');
+    alert(typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.connectionTimeout') : '连接超时，请检查配置和网络连接');
 }
 
 // 在打开设置时加载外部MCP列表
diff --git a/web/static/js/tasks.js b/web/static/js/tasks.js
index 21746e07..22b8aa19 100644
--- a/web/static/js/tasks.js
+++ b/web/static/js/tasks.js
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // 任务管理页面功能
+function _t(key, opts) {
+    return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t(key, opts) : key;
+}
 
 // HTML转义函数（如果未定义）
 if (typeof escapeHtml === 'undefined') {
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ async function loadTasks() {
     const listContainer = document.getElementById('tasks-list');
     if (!listContainer) return;
     
-    listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>';
+    listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="loading-spinner">' + _t('tasks.loadingTasks') + '</div>';
 
     try {
         // 并行加载运行中的任务和已完成的任务历史
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ async function loadTasks() {
 
         // 处理运行中的任务
         if (activeResponse.status === 'rejected' || !activeResponse.value || !activeResponse.value.ok) {
-            throw new Error('获取任务列表失败');
+            throw new Error(_t('tasks.loadTaskListFailed'));
         }
 
         const activeResult = await activeResponse.value.json();
@@ -177,8 +180,8 @@ async function loadTasks() {
         console.error('加载任务失败:', error);
         listContainer.innerHTML = `
             <div class="tasks-empty">
-                <p>加载失败: ${escapeHtml(error.message)}</p>
-                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadTasks()">重试</button>
+                <p>${_t('tasks.loadFailedRetry')}: ${escapeHtml(error.message)}</p>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadTasks()">${_t('tasks.retry')}</button>
             </div>
         `;
     }
@@ -296,21 +299,21 @@ function toggleShowHistory(show) {
 
 // 计算执行时长
 function calculateDuration(startedAt) {
-    if (!startedAt) return '未知';
+    if (!startedAt) return _t('tasks.unknown');
     const start = new Date(startedAt);
     const now = new Date();
-    const diff = Math.floor((now - start) / 1000); // 秒
+    const diff = Math.floor((now - start) / 1000);
     
     if (diff < 60) {
-        return `${diff}秒`;
+        return diff + _t('tasks.durationSeconds');
     } else if (diff < 3600) {
         const minutes = Math.floor(diff / 60);
         const seconds = diff % 60;
-        return `${minutes}分${seconds}秒`;
+        return minutes + _t('tasks.durationMinutes') + ' ' + seconds + _t('tasks.durationSeconds');
     } else {
         const hours = Math.floor(diff / 3600);
         const minutes = Math.floor((diff % 3600) / 60);
-        return `${hours}小时${minutes}分`;
+        return hours + _t('tasks.durationHours') + ' ' + minutes + _t('tasks.durationMinutes');
     }
 }
 
@@ -349,9 +352,9 @@ function renderTasks(tasks) {
     if (tasks.length === 0) {
         listContainer.innerHTML = `
             <div class="tasks-empty">
-                <p>当前没有符合条件的任务</p>
+                <p>${_t('tasks.noMatchingTasks')}</p>
                 ${tasksState.allTasks.length === 0 && tasksState.completedTasksHistory.length > 0 ? 
-                    '<p style="margin-top: 8px; color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 0.875rem;">提示：有已完成的任务历史，请勾选"显示历史记录"查看</p>' : ''}
+                    '<p style="margin-top: 8px; color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 0.875rem;">' + _t('tasks.historyHint') + '</p>' : ''}
             </div>
         `;
         return;
@@ -359,12 +362,12 @@ function renderTasks(tasks) {
 
     // 状态映射
     const statusMap = {
-        'running': { text: '执行中', class: 'task-status-running' },
-        'cancelling': { text: '取消中', class: 'task-status-cancelling' },
-        'failed': { text: '执行失败', class: 'task-status-failed' },
-        'timeout': { text: '执行超时', class: 'task-status-timeout' },
-        'cancelled': { text: '已取消', class: 'task-status-cancelled' },
-        'completed': { text: '已完成', class: 'task-status-completed' }
+        'running': { text: _t('tasks.statusRunning'), class: 'task-status-running' },
+        'cancelling': { text: _t('tasks.statusCancelling'), class: 'task-status-cancelling' },
+        'failed': { text: _t('tasks.statusFailed'), class: 'task-status-failed' },
+        'timeout': { text: _t('tasks.statusTimeout'), class: 'task-status-timeout' },
+        'cancelled': { text: _t('tasks.statusCancelled'), class: 'task-status-cancelled' },
+        'completed': { text: _t('tasks.statusCompleted'), class: 'task-status-completed' }
     };
 
     // 分离当前任务和历史任务
@@ -382,8 +385,8 @@ function renderTasks(tasks) {
     if (historyTasks.length > 0) {
         html += `<div class="tasks-history-section">
             <div class="tasks-history-header">
-                <span class="tasks-history-title">📜 最近完成的任务（最近24小时）</span>
-                <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="clearTasksHistory()">清空历史</button>
+                <span class="tasks-history-title">📜 ` + _t('tasks.recentCompletedTasks') + `</span>
+                <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="clearTasksHistory()">` + _t('tasks.clearHistory') + `</button>
             </div>
             ${historyTasks.map(task => renderTaskItem(task, statusMap, true)).join('')}
         </div>`;
@@ -406,7 +409,7 @@ function renderTaskItem(task, statusMap, isHistory = false) {
             minute: '2-digit',
             second: '2-digit'
         })
-        : '未知时间';
+        : _t('tasks.unknownTime');
     
     const completedText = completedTime && !isNaN(completedTime.getTime())
         ? completedTime.toLocaleString('zh-CN', { 
@@ -438,22 +441,22 @@ function renderTaskItem(task, statusMap, isHistory = false) {
                         </label>
                     ` : '<div class="task-checkbox-placeholder"></div>'}
                     <span class="task-status ${status.class}">${status.text}</span>
-                    ${isHistory ? '<span class="task-history-badge" title="历史记录">📜</span>' : ''}
-                    <span class="task-message" title="${escapeHtml(task.message || '未命名任务')}">${escapeHtml(task.message || '未命名任务')}</span>
+                    ${isHistory ? '<span class="task-history-badge" title="' + _t('tasks.historyBadge') + '">📜</span>' : ''}
+                    <span class="task-message" title="${escapeHtml(task.message || _t('tasks.unnamedTask'))}">${escapeHtml(task.message || _t('tasks.unnamedTask'))}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="task-actions">
-                    ${duration ? `<span class="task-duration" title="执行时长">⏱ ${duration}</span>` : ''}
-                    <span class="task-time" title="${isHistory && completedText ? '完成时间' : '开始时间'}">
+                    ${duration ? `<span class="task-duration" title="${_t('tasks.duration')}">⏱ ${duration}</span>` : ''}
+                    <span class="task-time" title="${isHistory && completedText ? _t('tasks.completedAt') : _t('tasks.startedAt')}">
                         ${isHistory && completedText ? completedText : timeText}
                     </span>
-                    ${canCancel ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="cancelTask('${task.conversationId}', this)">取消任务</button>` : ''}
-                    ${task.conversationId ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="viewConversation('${task.conversationId}')">查看对话</button>` : ''}
+                    ${canCancel ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="cancelTask('${task.conversationId}', this)">` + _t('tasks.cancelTask') + `</button>` : ''}
+                    ${task.conversationId ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="viewConversation('${task.conversationId}')">` + _t('tasks.viewConversation') + `</button>` : ''}
                 </div>
             </div>
             ${task.conversationId ? `
                 <div class="task-details">
-                    <span class="task-id-label">对话ID:</span>
-                    <span class="task-id-value" title="点击复制" onclick="copyTaskId('${task.conversationId}')">${escapeHtml(task.conversationId)}</span>
+                    <span class="task-id-label">` + _t('tasks.conversationIdLabel') + `:</span>
+                    <span class="task-id-value" title="` + _t('tasks.clickToCopy') + `" onclick="copyTaskId('${task.conversationId}')">${escapeHtml(task.conversationId)}</span>
                 </div>
             ` : ''}
         </div>
@@ -462,7 +465,7 @@ function renderTaskItem(task, statusMap, isHistory = false) {
 
 // 清空任务历史
 function clearTasksHistory() {
-    if (!confirm('确定要清空所有任务历史记录吗？')) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.clearHistoryConfirm'))) {
         return;
     }
     tasksState.completedTasksHistory = [];
@@ -490,7 +493,7 @@ function updateBatchActions() {
     const count = tasksState.selectedTasks.size;
     if (count > 0) {
         batchActions.style.display = 'flex';
-        selectedCount.textContent = `已选择 ${count} 项`;
+        selectedCount.textContent = typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('mcp.selectedCount', { count: count }) : `已选择 ${count} 项`;
     } else {
         batchActions.style.display = 'none';
     }
@@ -509,7 +512,7 @@ async function batchCancelTasks() {
     const selected = Array.from(tasksState.selectedTasks);
     if (selected.length === 0) return;
     
-    if (!confirm(`确定要取消 ${selected.length} 个任务吗？`)) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.confirmCancelTasks', { n: selected.length }))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -545,9 +548,9 @@ async function batchCancelTasks() {
     
     // 显示结果
     if (failCount > 0) {
-        alert(`批量取消完成：成功 ${successCount} 个，失败 ${failCount} 个`);
+        alert(_t('tasks.batchCancelResultPartial', { success: successCount, fail: failCount }));
     } else {
-        alert(`成功取消 ${successCount} 个任务`);
+        alert(_t('tasks.batchCancelResultSuccess', { n: successCount }));
     }
 }
 
@@ -556,7 +559,7 @@ function copyTaskId(conversationId) {
     navigator.clipboard.writeText(conversationId).then(() => {
         // 显示复制成功提示
         const tooltip = document.createElement('div');
-        tooltip.textContent = '已复制!';
+        tooltip.textContent = _t('tasks.copiedToast');
         tooltip.style.cssText = 'position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); color: white; padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: 4px; z-index: 10000;';
         document.body.appendChild(tooltip);
         setTimeout(() => tooltip.remove(), 1000);
@@ -571,7 +574,7 @@ async function cancelTask(conversationId, button) {
     
     const originalText = button.textContent;
     button.disabled = true;
-    button.textContent = '取消中...';
+    button.textContent = _t('tasks.cancelling');
 
     try {
         const response = await apiFetch('/api/agent-loop/cancel', {
@@ -584,7 +587,7 @@ async function cancelTask(conversationId, button) {
 
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '取消任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.cancelTaskFailed'));
         }
 
         // 从选择中移除
@@ -595,7 +598,7 @@ async function cancelTask(conversationId, button) {
         await loadTasks();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('取消任务失败:', error);
-        alert('取消任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.cancelTaskFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
         button.disabled = false;
         button.textContent = originalText;
     }
@@ -738,7 +741,7 @@ async function showBatchImportModal() {
             try {
                 const loadedRoles = await loadRoles();
                 // 清空现有选项（除了默认选项）
-                roleSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">默认</option>';
+                roleSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">' + _t('batchImportModal.defaultRole') + '</option>';
                 
                 // 添加已启用的角色
                 const sortedRoles = loadedRoles.sort((a, b) => {
@@ -782,7 +785,7 @@ function updateBatchImportStats(text) {
     const count = lines.length;
     
     if (count > 0) {
-        statsEl.innerHTML = `<div class="batch-import-stat">共 ${count} 个任务</div>`;
+        statsEl.innerHTML = '<div class="batch-import-stat">' + _t('tasks.taskCount', { count: count }) + '</div>';
         statsEl.style.display = 'block';
     } else {
         statsEl.style.display = 'none';
@@ -808,14 +811,14 @@ async function createBatchQueue() {
     
     const text = input.value.trim();
     if (!text) {
-        alert('请输入至少一个任务');
+        alert(_t('tasks.enterTaskPrompt'));
         return;
     }
     
     // 按行分割任务
     const tasks = text.split('\n').map(line => line.trim()).filter(line => line !== '');
     if (tasks.length === 0) {
-        alert('没有有效的任务');
+        alert(_t('tasks.noValidTask'));
         return;
     }
     
@@ -836,7 +839,7 @@ async function createBatchQueue() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '创建批量任务队列失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.createBatchQueueFailed'));
         }
         
         const result = await response.json();
@@ -849,7 +852,7 @@ async function createBatchQueue() {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('创建批量任务队列失败:', error);
-        alert('创建批量任务队列失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.createBatchQueueFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -916,7 +919,7 @@ async function loadBatchQueues(page) {
     try {
         const response = await apiFetch(`/api/batch-tasks?${params.toString()}`);
         if (!response.ok) {
-            throw new Error('获取批量任务队列失败');
+            throw new Error(_t('tasks.loadFailedRetry'));
         }
         
         const result = await response.json();
@@ -929,7 +932,7 @@ async function loadBatchQueues(page) {
         section.style.display = 'block';
         const list = document.getElementById('batch-queues-list');
         if (list) {
-            list.innerHTML = '<div class="tasks-empty"><p>加载失败: ' + escapeHtml(error.message) + '</p><button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshBatchQueues()">重试</button></div>';
+            list.innerHTML = '<div class="tasks-empty"><p>' + _t('tasks.loadFailedRetry') + ': ' + escapeHtml(error.message) + '</p><button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshBatchQueues()">' + _t('tasks.retry') + '</button></div>';
         }
     }
 }
@@ -964,7 +967,7 @@ function renderBatchQueues() {
     const queues = batchQueuesState.queues;
     
     if (queues.length === 0) {
-        list.innerHTML = '<div class="tasks-empty"><p>当前没有批量任务队列</p></div>';
+        list.innerHTML = '<div class="tasks-empty"><p>' + _t('tasks.noBatchQueues') + '</p></div>';
         if (pagination) pagination.style.display = 'none';
         return;
     }
@@ -976,11 +979,11 @@ function renderBatchQueues() {
     
     list.innerHTML = queues.map(queue => {
         const statusMap = {
-            'pending': { text: '待执行', class: 'batch-queue-status-pending' },
-            'running': { text: '执行中', class: 'batch-queue-status-running' },
-            'paused': { text: '已暂停', class: 'batch-queue-status-paused' },
-            'completed': { text: '已完成', class: 'batch-queue-status-completed' },
-            'cancelled': { text: '已取消', class: 'batch-queue-status-cancelled' }
+            'pending': { text: _t('tasks.statusPending'), class: 'batch-queue-status-pending' },
+            'running': { text: _t('tasks.statusRunning'), class: 'batch-queue-status-running' },
+            'paused': { text: _t('tasks.statusPaused'), class: 'batch-queue-status-paused' },
+            'completed': { text: _t('tasks.statusCompleted'), class: 'batch-queue-status-completed' },
+            'cancelled': { text: _t('tasks.statusCancelled'), class: 'batch-queue-status-cancelled' }
         };
         
         const status = statusMap[queue.status] || { text: queue.status, class: 'batch-queue-status-unknown' };
@@ -1012,8 +1015,8 @@ function renderBatchQueues() {
         // 显示角色信息（使用正确的角色图标）
         const loadedRoles = batchQueuesState.loadedRoles || [];
         const roleIcon = getRoleIconForDisplay(queue.role, loadedRoles);
-        const roleName = queue.role && queue.role !== '' ? queue.role : '默认';
-        const roleDisplay = `<span class="batch-queue-role" style="margin-right: 8px;" title="角色: ${escapeHtml(roleName)}">${roleIcon} ${escapeHtml(roleName)}</span>`;
+        const roleName = queue.role && queue.role !== '' ? queue.role : _t('batchQueueDetailModal.defaultRole');
+        const roleDisplay = `<span class="batch-queue-role" style="margin-right: 8px;" title="${_t('batchQueueDetailModal.role')}: ${escapeHtml(roleName)}">${roleIcon} ${escapeHtml(roleName)}</span>`;
         
         return `
             <div class="batch-queue-item" data-queue-id="${queue.id}" onclick="showBatchQueueDetail('${queue.id}')">
@@ -1022,8 +1025,8 @@ function renderBatchQueues() {
                         ${titleDisplay}
                         ${roleDisplay}
                         <span class="batch-queue-status ${status.class}">${status.text}</span>
-                        <span class="batch-queue-id">队列ID: ${escapeHtml(queue.id)}</span>
-                        <span class="batch-queue-time">创建时间: ${new Date(queue.createdAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</span>
+                        <span class="batch-queue-id">${_t('tasks.queueIdLabel')}: ${escapeHtml(queue.id)}</span>
+                        <span class="batch-queue-time">${_t('tasks.createdTimeLabel')}: ${new Date(queue.createdAt).toLocaleString()}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="batch-queue-progress">
                         <div class="batch-queue-progress-bar">
@@ -1032,16 +1035,16 @@ function renderBatchQueues() {
                         <span class="batch-queue-progress-text">${progress}% (${stats.completed + stats.failed + stats.cancelled}/${stats.total})</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="batch-queue-actions" style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-left: 12px;" onclick="event.stopPropagation();">
-                        ${canDelete ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger" onclick="deleteBatchQueueFromList('${queue.id}')" title="删除队列">删除</button>` : ''}
+                        ${canDelete ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger" onclick="deleteBatchQueueFromList('${queue.id}')" title="${_t('tasks.deleteQueue')}">${_t('common.delete')}</button>` : ''}
                     </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="batch-queue-stats">
-                    <span>总计: ${stats.total}</span>
-                    <span>待执行: ${stats.pending}</span>
-                    <span>执行中: ${stats.running}</span>
-                    <span style="color: var(--success-color);">已完成: ${stats.completed}</span>
-                    <span style="color: var(--error-color);">失败: ${stats.failed}</span>
-                    ${stats.cancelled > 0 ? `<span style="color: var(--text-secondary);">已取消: ${stats.cancelled}</span>` : ''}
+                    <span>${_t('tasks.totalLabel')}: ${stats.total}</span>
+                    <span>${_t('tasks.pendingLabel')}: ${stats.pending}</span>
+                    <span>${_t('tasks.runningLabel')}: ${stats.running}</span>
+                    <span style="color: var(--success-color);">${_t('tasks.completedLabel')}: ${stats.completed}</span>
+                    <span style="color: var(--error-color);">${_t('tasks.failedLabel')}: ${stats.failed}</span>
+                    ${stats.cancelled > 0 ? `<span style="color: var(--text-secondary);">${_t('tasks.cancelledLabel')}: ${stats.cancelled}</span>` : ''}
                 </div>
             </div>
         `;
@@ -1073,9 +1076,9 @@ function renderBatchQueuesPagination() {
     // 左侧：显示范围信息和每页数量选择器（参考Skills样式）
     paginationHTML += `
         <div class="pagination-info">
-            <span>显示 ${start}-${end} / 共 ${total} 条</span>
+            <span>` + _t('tasks.paginationShow', { start: start, end: end, total: total }) + `</span>
             <label class="pagination-page-size">
-                每页显示
+                ` + _t('tasks.paginationPerPage') + `
                 <select id="batch-queues-page-size-pagination" onchange="changeBatchQueuesPageSize()">
                     <option value="10" ${pageSize === 10 ? 'selected' : ''}>10</option>
                     <option value="20" ${pageSize === 20 ? 'selected' : ''}>20</option>
@@ -1089,11 +1092,11 @@ function renderBatchQueuesPagination() {
     // 右侧：分页按钮（参考Skills样式：首页、上一页、第X/Y页、下一页、末页）
     paginationHTML += `
         <div class="pagination-controls">
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(1)" ${currentPage === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>首页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${currentPage - 1})" ${currentPage === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>上一页</button>
-            <span class="pagination-page">第 ${currentPage} / ${totalPages || 1} 页</span>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${currentPage + 1})" ${currentPage >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>下一页</button>
-            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${totalPages || 1})" ${currentPage >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>末页</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(1)" ${currentPage === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>` + _t('tasks.paginationFirst') + `</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${currentPage - 1})" ${currentPage === 1 || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>` + _t('tasks.paginationPrev') + `</button>
+            <span class="pagination-page">` + _t('tasks.paginationPage', { current: currentPage, total: totalPages || 1 }) + `</span>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${currentPage + 1})" ${currentPage >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>` + _t('tasks.paginationNext') + `</button>
+            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="goBatchQueuesPage(${totalPages || 1})" ${currentPage >= totalPages || total === 0 ? 'disabled' : ''}>` + _t('tasks.paginationLast') + `</button>
         </div>
     `;
     
@@ -1189,7 +1192,7 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
         
         const response = await apiFetch(`/api/batch-tasks/${queueId}`);
         if (!response.ok) {
-            throw new Error('获取队列详情失败');
+            throw new Error(_t('tasks.getQueueDetailFailed'));
         }
         
         const result = await response.json();
@@ -1198,7 +1201,7 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
         
         if (title) {
             // textContent 本身会做转义；这里不要再 escapeHtml，否则会把 && 显示成 &amp;...（看起来像“变形/乱码”）
-            title.textContent = queue.title ? `批量任务队列 - ${String(queue.title)}` : '批量任务队列';
+            title.textContent = queue.title ? _t('tasks.batchQueueTitle') + ' - ' + String(queue.title) : _t('tasks.batchQueueTitle');
         }
         
         // 更新按钮显示
@@ -1210,9 +1213,9 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
             // pending状态显示"开始执行"，paused状态显示"继续执行"
             startBtn.style.display = (queue.status === 'pending' || queue.status === 'paused') ? 'inline-block' : 'none';
             if (startBtn && queue.status === 'paused') {
-                startBtn.textContent = '继续执行';
+                startBtn.textContent = _t('tasks.resumeExecute');
             } else if (startBtn && queue.status === 'pending') {
-                startBtn.textContent = '开始执行';
+                startBtn.textContent = _t('batchQueueDetailModal.startExecute');
             }
         }
         if (pauseBtn) {
@@ -1226,20 +1229,20 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
         
         // 队列状态映射
         const queueStatusMap = {
-            'pending': { text: '待执行', class: 'batch-queue-status-pending' },
-            'running': { text: '执行中', class: 'batch-queue-status-running' },
-            'paused': { text: '已暂停', class: 'batch-queue-status-paused' },
-            'completed': { text: '已完成', class: 'batch-queue-status-completed' },
-            'cancelled': { text: '已取消', class: 'batch-queue-status-cancelled' }
+            'pending': { text: _t('tasks.statusPending'), class: 'batch-queue-status-pending' },
+            'running': { text: _t('tasks.statusRunning'), class: 'batch-queue-status-running' },
+            'paused': { text: _t('tasks.statusPaused'), class: 'batch-queue-status-paused' },
+            'completed': { text: _t('tasks.statusCompleted'), class: 'batch-queue-status-completed' },
+            'cancelled': { text: _t('tasks.statusCancelled'), class: 'batch-queue-status-cancelled' }
         };
         
         // 任务状态映射
         const taskStatusMap = {
-            'pending': { text: '待执行', class: 'batch-task-status-pending' },
-            'running': { text: '执行中', class: 'batch-task-status-running' },
-            'completed': { text: '已完成', class: 'batch-task-status-completed' },
-            'failed': { text: '失败', class: 'batch-task-status-failed' },
-            'cancelled': { text: '已取消', class: 'batch-task-status-cancelled' }
+            'pending': { text: _t('tasks.statusPending'), class: 'batch-task-status-pending' },
+            'running': { text: _t('tasks.statusRunning'), class: 'batch-task-status-running' },
+            'completed': { text: _t('tasks.statusCompleted'), class: 'batch-task-status-completed' },
+            'failed': { text: _t('tasks.failedLabel'), class: 'batch-task-status-failed' },
+            'cancelled': { text: _t('tasks.statusCancelled'), class: 'batch-task-status-cancelled' }
         };
         
         // 获取角色信息（如果队列有角色配置）
@@ -1266,51 +1269,51 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
                 }
             }
             roleDisplay = `<div class="detail-item">
-                <span class="detail-label">角色</span>
+                <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.role') + `</span>
                 <span class="detail-value">${roleIcon} ${escapeHtml(roleName)}</span>
             </div>`;
         } else {
             // 默认角色
             roleDisplay = `<div class="detail-item">
-                <span class="detail-label">角色</span>
-                <span class="detail-value">🔵 默认</span>
+                <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.role') + `</span>
+                <span class="detail-value">🔵 ` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.defaultRole') + `</span>
             </div>`;
         }
         
         content.innerHTML = `
             <div class="batch-queue-detail-info">
                 ${queue.title ? `<div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">任务标题</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.queueTitle') + `</span>
                     <span class="detail-value">${escapeHtml(queue.title)}</span>
                 </div>` : ''}
                 ${roleDisplay}
                 <div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">队列ID</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.queueId') + `</span>
                     <span class="detail-value"><code>${escapeHtml(queue.id)}</code></span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">状态</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.status') + `</span>
                     <span class="detail-value"><span class="batch-queue-status ${queueStatusMap[queue.status]?.class || ''}">${queueStatusMap[queue.status]?.text || queue.status}</span></span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">创建时间</span>
-                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.createdAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.createdAt') + `</span>
+                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.createdAt).toLocaleString()}</span>
                 </div>
                 ${queue.startedAt ? `<div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">开始时间</span>
-                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.startedAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.startedAt') + `</span>
+                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.startedAt).toLocaleString()}</span>
                 </div>` : ''}
                 ${queue.completedAt ? `<div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">完成时间</span>
-                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.completedAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.completedAt') + `</span>
+                    <span class="detail-value">${new Date(queue.completedAt).toLocaleString()}</span>
                 </div>` : ''}
                 <div class="detail-item">
-                    <span class="detail-label">任务总数</span>
+                    <span class="detail-label">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.taskTotal') + `</span>
                     <span class="detail-value">${queue.tasks.length}</span>
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="batch-queue-tasks-list">
-                <h4>任务列表</h4>
+                <h4>` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.taskList') + `</h4>
                 ${queue.tasks.map((task, index) => {
                     const taskStatus = taskStatusMap[task.status] || { text: task.status, class: 'batch-task-status-unknown' };
                     const canEdit = queue.status === 'pending' && task.status === 'pending';
@@ -1321,14 +1324,14 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
                                 <span class="batch-task-index">#${index + 1}</span>
                                 <span class="batch-task-status ${taskStatus.class}">${taskStatus.text}</span>
                                 <span class="batch-task-message" title="${escapeHtml(task.message)}">${escapeHtml(task.message)}</span>
-                                ${canEdit ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small batch-task-edit-btn" onclick="editBatchTaskFromElement(this); event.stopPropagation();">编辑</button>` : ''}
-                                ${canEdit ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger batch-task-delete-btn" onclick="deleteBatchTaskFromElement(this); event.stopPropagation();">删除</button>` : ''}
-                                ${task.conversationId ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="viewBatchTaskConversation('${task.conversationId}'); event.stopPropagation();">查看对话</button>` : ''}
+                                ${canEdit ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small batch-task-edit-btn" onclick="editBatchTaskFromElement(this); event.stopPropagation();">` + _t('common.edit') + `</button>` : ''}
+                                ${canEdit ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger batch-task-delete-btn" onclick="deleteBatchTaskFromElement(this); event.stopPropagation();">` + _t('common.delete') + `</button>` : ''}
+                                ${task.conversationId ? `<button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="viewBatchTaskConversation('${task.conversationId}'); event.stopPropagation();">` + _t('tasks.viewConversation') + `</button>` : ''}
                             </div>
-                            ${task.startedAt ? `<div class="batch-task-time">开始: ${new Date(task.startedAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</div>` : ''}
-                            ${task.completedAt ? `<div class="batch-task-time">完成: ${new Date(task.completedAt).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}</div>` : ''}
-                            ${task.error ? `<div class="batch-task-error">错误: ${escapeHtml(task.error)}</div>` : ''}
-                            ${task.result ? `<div class="batch-task-result">结果: ${escapeHtml(task.result.substring(0, 200))}${task.result.length > 200 ? '...' : ''}</div>` : ''}
+                            ${task.startedAt ? `<div class="batch-task-time">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.startLabel') + `: ${new Date(task.startedAt).toLocaleString()}</div>` : ''}
+                            ${task.completedAt ? `<div class="batch-task-time">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.completeLabel') + `: ${new Date(task.completedAt).toLocaleString()}</div>` : ''}
+                            ${task.error ? `<div class="batch-task-error">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.errorLabel') + `: ${escapeHtml(task.error)}</div>` : ''}
+                            ${task.result ? `<div class="batch-task-result">` + _t('batchQueueDetailModal.resultLabel') + `: ${escapeHtml(task.result.substring(0, 200))}${task.result.length > 200 ? '...' : ''}</div>` : ''}
                         </div>
                     `;
                 }).join('')}
@@ -1343,7 +1346,7 @@ async function showBatchQueueDetail(queueId) {
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('获取队列详情失败:', error);
-        alert('获取队列详情失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.getQueueDetailFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1359,7 +1362,7 @@ async function startBatchQueue() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '启动批量任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.startBatchQueueFailed'));
         }
         
         // 刷新详情
@@ -1367,7 +1370,7 @@ async function startBatchQueue() {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('启动批量任务失败:', error);
-        alert('启动批量任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.startBatchQueueFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1376,7 +1379,7 @@ async function pauseBatchQueue() {
     const queueId = batchQueuesState.currentQueueId;
     if (!queueId) return;
     
-    if (!confirm('确定要暂停这个批量任务队列吗？当前正在执行的任务将被停止，后续任务将保留待执行状态。')) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.pauseQueueConfirm'))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1387,7 +1390,7 @@ async function pauseBatchQueue() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '暂停批量任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.pauseQueueFailed'));
         }
         
         // 刷新详情
@@ -1395,7 +1398,7 @@ async function pauseBatchQueue() {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('暂停批量任务失败:', error);
-        alert('暂停批量任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.pauseQueueFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1404,7 +1407,7 @@ async function deleteBatchQueue() {
     const queueId = batchQueuesState.currentQueueId;
     if (!queueId) return;
     
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除这个批量任务队列吗？此操作不可恢复。')) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.deleteQueueConfirm'))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1415,14 +1418,14 @@ async function deleteBatchQueue() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '删除批量任务队列失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.deleteQueueFailed'));
         }
         
         closeBatchQueueDetailModal();
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除批量任务队列失败:', error);
-        alert('删除批量任务队列失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.deleteQueueFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1430,7 +1433,7 @@ async function deleteBatchQueue() {
 async function deleteBatchQueueFromList(queueId) {
     if (!queueId) return;
     
-    if (!confirm('确定要删除这个批量任务队列吗？此操作不可恢复。')) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.deleteQueueConfirm'))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1441,7 +1444,7 @@ async function deleteBatchQueueFromList(queueId) {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '删除批量任务队列失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.deleteQueueFailed'));
         }
         
         // 如果当前正在查看这个队列的详情，关闭详情模态框
@@ -1453,7 +1456,7 @@ async function deleteBatchQueueFromList(queueId) {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除批量任务队列失败:', error);
-        alert('删除批量任务队列失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.deleteQueueFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1599,18 +1602,18 @@ async function saveBatchTask() {
     const messageInput = document.getElementById('edit-task-message');
     
     if (!queueId || !taskId) {
-        alert('任务信息不完整');
+        alert(_t('tasks.taskIncomplete'));
         return;
     }
     
     if (!messageInput) {
-        alert('无法获取任务消息输入框');
+        alert(_t('tasks.cannotGetTaskMessageInput'));
         return;
     }
     
     const message = messageInput.value.trim();
     if (!message) {
-        alert('任务消息不能为空');
+        alert(_t('tasks.taskMessageRequired'));
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1625,7 +1628,7 @@ async function saveBatchTask() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '更新任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.updateTaskFailed'));
         }
         
         // 关闭编辑模态框
@@ -1640,7 +1643,7 @@ async function saveBatchTask() {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('保存任务失败:', error);
-        alert('保存任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.saveTaskFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1648,7 +1651,7 @@ async function saveBatchTask() {
 function showAddBatchTaskModal() {
     const queueId = batchQueuesState.currentQueueId;
     if (!queueId) {
-        alert('队列信息不存在');
+        alert(_t('tasks.queueInfoMissing'));
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1706,18 +1709,18 @@ async function saveAddBatchTask() {
     const messageInput = document.getElementById('add-task-message');
     
     if (!queueId) {
-        alert('队列信息不存在');
+        alert(_t('tasks.queueInfoMissing'));
         return;
     }
     
     if (!messageInput) {
-        alert('无法获取任务消息输入框');
+        alert(_t('tasks.cannotGetTaskMessageInput'));
         return;
     }
     
     const message = messageInput.value.trim();
     if (!message) {
-        alert('任务消息不能为空');
+        alert(_t('tasks.taskMessageRequired'));
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1732,7 +1735,7 @@ async function saveAddBatchTask() {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '添加任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.addTaskFailed'));
         }
         
         // 关闭添加任务模态框
@@ -1747,7 +1750,7 @@ async function saveAddBatchTask() {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('添加任务失败:', error);
-        alert('添加任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.addTaskFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1779,7 +1782,7 @@ function deleteBatchTaskFromElement(button) {
         ? decodedMessage.substring(0, 50) + '...' 
         : decodedMessage;
     
-    if (!confirm(`确定要删除这个任务吗？\n\n任务内容: ${displayMessage}\n\n此操作不可恢复。`)) {
+    if (!confirm(_t('tasks.confirmDeleteTask', { message: displayMessage }))) {
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1789,7 +1792,7 @@ function deleteBatchTaskFromElement(button) {
 // 删除批量任务
 async function deleteBatchTask(queueId, taskId) {
     if (!queueId || !taskId) {
-        alert('任务信息不完整');
+        alert(_t('tasks.taskIncomplete'));
         return;
     }
     
@@ -1800,7 +1803,7 @@ async function deleteBatchTask(queueId, taskId) {
         
         if (!response.ok) {
             const result = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            throw new Error(result.error || '删除任务失败');
+            throw new Error(result.error || _t('tasks.deleteTaskFailed'));
         }
         
         // 刷新队列详情
@@ -1812,7 +1815,7 @@ async function deleteBatchTask(queueId, taskId) {
         refreshBatchQueues();
     } catch (error) {
         console.error('删除任务失败:', error);
-        alert('删除任务失败: ' + error.message);
+        alert(_t('tasks.deleteTaskFailed') + ': ' + error.message);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/web/static/js/vulnerability.js b/web/static/js/vulnerability.js
index 8b4c96d5..59590192 100644
--- a/web/static/js/vulnerability.js
+++ b/web/static/js/vulnerability.js
@@ -156,14 +156,20 @@ async function loadVulnerabilities(page = null) {
 function renderVulnerabilities(vulnerabilities) {
     const listContainer = document.getElementById('vulnerabilities-list');
     
-    // 处理空值情况
+    // 处理空值情况（使用 data-i18n 以便语言切换时自动更新）
     if (!vulnerabilities || !Array.isArray(vulnerabilities)) {
-        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state">暂无漏洞记录</div>';
+        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.noRecords">暂无漏洞记录</div>';
+        if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+            window.applyTranslations(listContainer);
+        }
         return;
     }
     
     if (vulnerabilities.length === 0) {
-        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state">暂无漏洞记录</div>';
+        listContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="empty-state" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.noRecords">暂无漏洞记录</div>';
+        if (typeof window.applyTranslations === 'function') {
+            window.applyTranslations(listContainer);
+        }
         // 清空分页信息
         const paginationContainer = document.getElementById('vulnerability-pagination');
         if (paginationContainer) {
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ async function changeVulnerabilityPageSize() {
 // 显示添加漏洞模态框
 function showAddVulnerabilityModal() {
     currentVulnerabilityId = null;
-    document.getElementById('vulnerability-modal-title').textContent = '添加漏洞';
+    document.getElementById('vulnerability-modal-title').textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('vulnerability.addVuln') : '添加漏洞');
     
     // 清空表单
     document.getElementById('vulnerability-conversation-id').value = '';
@@ -353,7 +359,7 @@ async function editVulnerability(id) {
 
         const vuln = await response.json();
         currentVulnerabilityId = id;
-        document.getElementById('vulnerability-modal-title').textContent = '编辑漏洞';
+        document.getElementById('vulnerability-modal-title').textContent = (typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t('vulnerability.editVuln') : '编辑漏洞');
 
         // 填充表单
         document.getElementById('vulnerability-conversation-id').value = vuln.conversation_id || '';
diff --git a/web/templates/index.html b/web/templates/index.html
index a9ad2d29..cb15cc00 100644
--- a/web/templates/index.html
+++ b/web/templates/index.html
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@
     <div id="login-overlay" class="login-overlay" style="display: none;">
         <div class="login-card">
             <div class="login-brand">
-                <h2>登录 CyberStrikeAI</h2>
-                <p class="login-subtitle">请输入配置中的访问密码</p>
+                <h2 data-i18n="login.title">登录 CyberStrikeAI</h2>
+                <p class="login-subtitle" data-i18n="login.subtitle">请输入配置中的访问密码</p>
             </div>
             <form id="login-form" class="login-form">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="login-password">密码</label>
-                    <input type="password" id="login-password" placeholder="输入登录密码" required autocomplete="current-password" />
+                    <label for="login-password" data-i18n="login.passwordLabel">密码</label>
+                    <input type="password" id="login-password" placeholder="输入登录密码" required autocomplete="current-password" data-i18n="login.passwordPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" />
                 </div>
                 <div id="login-error" class="login-error" role="alert" style="display: none;"></div>
                 <button type="submit" class="btn-primary login-submit">
-                    <span>登录</span>
+                    <span data-i18n="login.submit">登录</span>
                 </button>
             </form>
         </div>
@@ -32,18 +32,33 @@
     <div class="container">
         <header>
             <div class="header-content">
-                <div class="logo header-logo-link" onclick="switchPage('dashboard')" role="button" title="返回仪表盘">
+                <div class="logo header-logo-link" onclick="switchPage('dashboard')" role="button" data-i18n="header.backToDashboard" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="返回仪表盘">
                     <img src="/static/logo.png" alt="CyberStrikeAI Logo" style="width: 32px; height: 32px; margin-right: 8px;">
                     <h1>CyberStrikeAI</h1>
-                    <span class="version-badge" title="当前版本">{{.Version}}</span>
+                    <span class="version-badge" data-i18n="header.version" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="当前版本">{{.Version}}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="header-right">
                     <div class="header-actions">
-                        <button class="openapi-doc-btn" onclick="window.open('/api-docs', '_blank')" title="OpenAPI 文档">
-                            <span>API 文档</span>
+                        <button class="openapi-doc-btn" onclick="window.open('/api-docs', '_blank')" data-i18n="header.apiDocs" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="API 文档">
+                            <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+                                <path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+                                <polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+                                <path d="M16 13H8M16 17H8M10 9H8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+                            </svg>
+                            <span data-i18n="header.apiDocs">API 文档</span>
                         </button>
+                        <div class="lang-switcher">
+                            <button class="btn-secondary lang-switcher-btn" onclick="toggleLangDropdown()" data-i18n="header.language" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="界面语言">
+                                <span class="lang-switcher-icon">🌐</span>
+                                <span id="current-lang-label">中文</span>
+                            </button>
+                            <div id="lang-dropdown" class="lang-dropdown" style="display: none;">
+                                <div class="lang-option" data-lang="zh-CN" onclick="onLanguageSelect('zh-CN')">中文</div>
+                                <div class="lang-option" data-lang="en-US" onclick="onLanguageSelect('en-US')">English</div>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
                         <div class="user-menu-container">
-                            <button class="user-avatar-btn" onclick="toggleUserMenu()" title="用户菜单">
+                            <button class="user-avatar-btn" onclick="toggleUserMenu()" data-i18n="header.userMenu" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="用户菜单">
                                 <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                     <path d="M20 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                     <circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
@@ -56,7 +71,7 @@
                                         <polyline points="16 17 21 12 16 7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                         <line x1="21" y1="12" x2="9" y2="12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                     </svg>
-                                    <span>退出登录</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="header.logout">退出登录</span>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
                         </div>
@@ -68,99 +83,99 @@
         <div class="main-layout">
             <!-- 主侧边栏 -->
             <aside class="main-sidebar" id="main-sidebar">
-                <div class="sidebar-collapse-btn" onclick="toggleSidebar()" title="折叠/展开侧边栏">
+                <div class="sidebar-collapse-btn" onclick="toggleSidebar()" data-i18n="header.toggleSidebar" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="折叠/展开侧边栏">
                     <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                         <path d="M15 18l-6-6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                     </svg>
                 </div>
                 <nav class="main-sidebar-nav">
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="dashboard">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="仪表盘" onclick="switchPage('dashboard')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="仪表盘" onclick="switchPage('dashboard')" data-i18n="nav.dashboard" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <rect x="3" y="3" width="7" height="9"></rect>
                                 <rect x="14" y="3" width="7" height="5"></rect>
                                 <rect x="14" y="12" width="7" height="9"></rect>
                                 <rect x="3" y="16" width="7" height="5"></rect>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>仪表盘</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.dashboard">仪表盘</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="chat">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="对话" onclick="switchPage('chat')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="对话" onclick="switchPage('chat')" data-i18n="nav.chat" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>对话</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.chat">对话</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="info-collect">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="信息收集" onclick="switchPage('info-collect')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="信息收集" onclick="switchPage('info-collect')" data-i18n="nav.infoCollect" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle>
                                 <line x1="21" y1="21" x2="16.65" y2="16.65"></line>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>信息收集</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.infoCollect">信息收集</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="tasks">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="任务管理" onclick="switchPage('tasks')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="任务管理" onclick="switchPage('tasks')" data-i18n="nav.tasks" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M9 11l3 3L22 4"></path>
                                 <path d="M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>任务管理</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.tasks">任务管理</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="vulnerabilities">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="漏洞管理" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="漏洞管理" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" data-i18n="nav.vulnerabilities" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z"></path>
                                 <path d="M9 12l2 2 4-4"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>漏洞管理</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.vulnerabilities">漏洞管理</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item nav-item-has-submenu" data-page="mcp">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="MCP" onclick="toggleSubmenu('mcp')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="MCP" onclick="toggleSubmenu('mcp')" data-i18n="nav.mcp" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M13 2L3 14h9l-1 8 10-12h-9l1-8z"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>MCP</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.mcp">MCP</span>
                             <svg class="submenu-arrow" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                 <path d="M9 18l6-6-6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
                         </div>
                         <div class="nav-submenu">
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="mcp-monitor" onclick="switchPage('mcp-monitor')">
-                                <span>MCP状态监控</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.mcpMonitor">MCP状态监控</span>
                             </div>
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="mcp-management" onclick="switchPage('mcp-management')">
-                                <span>MCP管理</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.mcpManagement">MCP管理</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item nav-item-has-submenu" data-page="knowledge">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="知识" onclick="toggleSubmenu('knowledge')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="知识" onclick="toggleSubmenu('knowledge')" data-i18n="nav.knowledge" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z"></path>
                                 <path d="M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>知识</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.knowledge">知识</span>
                             <svg class="submenu-arrow" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                 <path d="M9 18l6-6-6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
                         </div>
                         <div class="nav-submenu">
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="knowledge-retrieval-logs" onclick="switchPage('knowledge-retrieval-logs')">
-                                <span>检索历史</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.knowledgeRetrievalLogs">检索历史</span>
                             </div>
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="knowledge-management" onclick="switchPage('knowledge-management')">
-                                <span>知识管理</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.knowledgeManagement">知识管理</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item nav-item-has-submenu" data-page="skills">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="Skills" onclick="toggleSubmenu('skills')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="Skills" onclick="toggleSubmenu('skills')" data-i18n="nav.skills" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M14.5 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.5L14.5 2z"></path>
                                 <polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline>
@@ -168,46 +183,46 @@
                                 <line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line>
                                 <polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>Skills</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.skills">Skills</span>
                             <svg class="submenu-arrow" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                 <path d="M9 18l6-6-6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
                         </div>
                         <div class="nav-submenu">
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="skills-monitor" onclick="switchPage('skills-monitor')">
-                                <span>Skills状态监控</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.skillsMonitor">Skills状态监控</span>
                             </div>
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="skills-management" onclick="switchPage('skills-management')">
-                                <span>Skills管理</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.skillsManagement">Skills管理</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item nav-item-has-submenu" data-page="roles">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="角色" onclick="toggleSubmenu('roles')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="角色" onclick="toggleSubmenu('roles')" data-i18n="nav.roles" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
                                 <circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
                                 <path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path>
                                 <path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>角色</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.roles">角色</span>
                             <svg class="submenu-arrow" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                 <path d="M9 18l6-6-6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                             </svg>
                         </div>
                         <div class="nav-submenu">
                             <div class="nav-submenu-item" data-page="roles-management" onclick="switchPage('roles-management')">
-                                <span>角色管理</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="nav.rolesManagement">角色管理</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="nav-item" data-page="settings">
-                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="系统设置" onclick="switchPage('settings')">
+                        <div class="nav-item-content" data-title="系统设置" onclick="switchPage('settings')" data-i18n="nav.settings" data-i18n-attr="data-title" data-i18n-skip-text="true">
                             <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
                                 <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3"></circle>
                                 <path d="M19.4 15a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 .33 1.82l.06.06a2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83 2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0l-.06-.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82-.33 1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1 1.51V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 9 19.4a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82.33l-.06.06a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83l.06-.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 .33-1.82 1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51-1H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2-2h.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 4.6 9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.33-1.82l-.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83 2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0l.06.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.82.33H9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1-1.51V3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2v.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1 1.51 1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.82-.33l.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83l-.06.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.33 1.82V9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.51 1H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51 1z"></path>
                             </svg>
-                            <span>系统设置</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="nav.settings">系统设置</span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 </nav>
@@ -219,24 +234,24 @@
                 <div id="page-dashboard" class="page active">
                     <div class="dashboard-page">
                         <div class="page-header">
-                            <h2>仪表盘</h2>
+                            <h2 data-i18n="dashboard.title">仪表盘</h2>
                             <div class="page-header-actions">
-                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshDashboard()" title="刷新数据">刷新</button>
+                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshDashboard()" data-i18n="dashboard.refreshData" data-i18n-attr="title" title="刷新数据"><span data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</span></button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div class="dashboard-content">
                             <!-- 第一行：核心 KPI（仪表盘最佳实践：关键指标置顶） -->
                             <div class="dashboard-kpi-row" id="dashboard-cards">
-                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('tasks')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('tasks'); }" title="点击查看任务管理"> <div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-running-tasks">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label">运行中任务</div></div>
-                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('vulnerabilities'); }" title="点击查看漏洞管理"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-vuln-total">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label">漏洞总数</div></div>
-                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('mcp-monitor')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('mcp-monitor'); }" title="点击查看 MCP 监控"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-kpi-tools-calls">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label">工具调用次数</div></div>
-                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('mcp-monitor')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('mcp-monitor'); }" title="点击查看 MCP 监控"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-kpi-success-rate">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label">工具执行成功率</div></div>
+                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('tasks')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('tasks'); }" data-i18n="dashboard.clickToViewTasks" data-i18n-attr="title" title="点击查看任务管理"> <div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-running-tasks">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label" data-i18n="dashboard.runningTasks">运行中任务</div></div>
+                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('vulnerabilities'); }" data-i18n="dashboard.clickToViewVuln" data-i18n-attr="title" title="点击查看漏洞管理"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-vuln-total">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label" data-i18n="dashboard.vulnTotal">漏洞总数</div></div>
+                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('mcp-monitor')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('mcp-monitor'); }" data-i18n="dashboard.clickToViewMCP" data-i18n-attr="title" title="点击查看 MCP 监控"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-kpi-tools-calls">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label" data-i18n="dashboard.toolCalls">工具调用次数</div></div>
+                                <div class="dashboard-kpi-card" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('mcp-monitor')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('mcp-monitor'); }" data-i18n="dashboard.clickToViewMCP" data-i18n-attr="title" title="点击查看 MCP 监控"><div class="dashboard-kpi-value" id="dashboard-kpi-success-rate">-</div><div class="dashboard-kpi-label" data-i18n="dashboard.successRate">工具执行成功率</div></div>
                             </div>
                             <!-- 两列主内容区 -->
                             <div class="dashboard-grid">
                                 <div class="dashboard-main">
                                     <section class="dashboard-section dashboard-section-chart">
-                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title">漏洞严重程度分布</h3>
+                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title" data-i18n="dashboard.severityDistribution">漏洞严重程度分布</h3>
                                         <div class="dashboard-chart-wrap">
                                             <div class="dashboard-stacked-bar" id="dashboard-stacked-bar">
                                                 <span class="dashboard-bar-seg seg-critical" id="dashboard-bar-critical" style="width: 0%"></span>
@@ -246,39 +261,39 @@
                                                 <span class="dashboard-bar-seg seg-info" id="dashboard-bar-info" style="width: 0%"></span>
                                             </div>
                                             <div class="dashboard-legend" id="dashboard-vuln-bars">
-                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot critical"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label">严重</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-critical">0</span></div>
-                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot high"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label">高危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-high">0</span></div>
-                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot medium"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label">中危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-medium">0</span></div>
-                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot low"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label">低危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-low">0</span></div>
-                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot info"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label">信息</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-info">0</span></div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot critical"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityCritical">严重</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-critical">0</span></div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot high"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityHigh">高危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-high">0</span></div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot medium"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityMedium">中危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-medium">0</span></div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot low"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityLow">低危</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-low">0</span></div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-legend-item"><span class="dashboard-legend-dot info"></span><span class="dashboard-legend-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityInfo">信息</span><span class="dashboard-legend-value" id="dashboard-severity-info">0</span></div>
                                             </div>
                                         </div>
                                     </section>
                                     <section class="dashboard-section dashboard-section-overview">
-                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title">运行概览</h3>
+                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title" data-i18n="dashboard.runOverview">运行概览</h3>
                                         <div class="dashboard-overview-list">
                                             <div class="dashboard-overview-item dashboard-overview-item-batch" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('tasks')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('tasks'); }">
                                                 <span class="dashboard-overview-icon dashboard-overview-icon-batch" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><rect x="3" y="3" width="7" height="7"/><rect x="14" y="3" width="7" height="7"/><rect x="14" y="14" width="7" height="7"/><rect x="3" y="14" width="7" height="7"/></svg></span>
                                                 <div class="dashboard-overview-content">
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-header">
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label">批量任务队列</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label" data-i18n="dashboard.batchQueues">批量任务队列</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-total" id="dashboard-batch-total">-</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-stats">
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-stat dashboard-overview-stat-pending">
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-badge badge-pending"></span>
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-value" id="dashboard-batch-pending">-</span>
-                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label">待执行</span>
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.pending">待执行</span>
                                                         </span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-stat dashboard-overview-stat-running">
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-badge badge-running"></span>
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-value" id="dashboard-batch-running">-</span>
-                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label">执行中</span>
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.executing">执行中</span>
                                                         </span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-stat dashboard-overview-stat-done">
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-badge badge-done"></span>
                                                             <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-value" id="dashboard-batch-done">-</span>
-                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label">已完成</span>
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-overview-stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.completed">已完成</span>
                                                         </span>
                                                     </div>
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-progress">
@@ -294,15 +309,15 @@
                                                 <span class="dashboard-overview-icon dashboard-overview-icon-tools" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M14.7 6.3a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.4l1.6 1.6a1 1 0 0 0 1.4 0l3.77-3.77a6 6 0 0 1-7.94 7.94l-6.91 6.91a2.12 2.12 0 0 1-3-3l6.91-6.91a6 6 0 0 1 7.94-7.94l-3.76 3.76z"/></svg></span>
                                                 <div class="dashboard-overview-content">
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-header">
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label">工具调用</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label" data-i18n="dashboard.toolInvocations">工具调用</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-success-rate" id="dashboard-tools-success-rate">-</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-value-group">
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-large" id="dashboard-tools-calls">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">次调用</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.callsUnit">次调用</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-separator">·</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-normal" id="dashboard-tools-count">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">个工具</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.toolsUnit">个工具</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                 </div>
                                             </div>
@@ -310,15 +325,15 @@
                                                 <span class="dashboard-overview-icon dashboard-overview-icon-knowledge" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M4 19.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 17H20"></path><path d="M6.5 2H20v20H6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4 19.5v-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 2z"></path></svg></span>
                                                 <div class="dashboard-overview-content">
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-header">
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label">知识</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label" data-i18n="dashboard.knowledgeLabel">知识</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-status" id="dashboard-knowledge-status">-</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-value-group">
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-large" id="dashboard-knowledge-items">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">项知识</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.knowledgeItems">项知识</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-separator">·</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-normal" id="dashboard-knowledge-categories">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">个分类</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.categoriesUnit">个分类</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                 </div>
                                             </div>
@@ -326,38 +341,38 @@
                                                 <span class="dashboard-overview-icon dashboard-overview-icon-skills" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"/><polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"/><line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"/><line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"/></svg></span>
                                                 <div class="dashboard-overview-content">
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-header">
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label">Skills</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-label" data-i18n="dashboard.skillsLabel">Skills</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-status" id="dashboard-skills-status">-</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                     <div class="dashboard-overview-value-group">
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-large" id="dashboard-skills-calls">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">次调用</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.callsUnit">次调用</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-separator">·</span>
                                                         <span class="dashboard-overview-value-normal" id="dashboard-skills-count">-</span>
-                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit">个 Skill</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-overview-value-unit" data-i18n="dashboard.skillUnit">个 Skill</span>
                                                     </div>
                                                 </div>
                                             </div>
                                         </div>
                                     </section>
                                     <section class="dashboard-section dashboard-section-quick dashboard-quick-inline">
-                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title">快捷入口</h3>
+                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title" data-i18n="dashboard.quickLinks">快捷入口</h3>
                                         <div class="dashboard-quick-links dashboard-quick-links-row">
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('chat')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z"></path></svg></span><span>对话</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('tasks')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M9 11l3 3L22 4"></path><path d="M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11"></path></svg></span><span>任务管理</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z"></path></svg></span><span>漏洞管理</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('mcp-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M13 2L3 14h9l-1 8 10-12h-9l1-8z"></path></svg></span><span>MCP 管理</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('knowledge-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z"></path><path d="M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z"></path></svg></span><span>知识管理</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('skills-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M14.5 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.5L14.5 2z"></path><polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline></svg></span><span>Skills 管理</span></a>
-                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('roles-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle><path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path><path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path></svg></span><span>角色管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('chat')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.chat">对话</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('tasks')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M9 11l3 3L22 4"></path><path d="M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.tasks">任务管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.vulnerabilities">漏洞管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('mcp-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M13 2L3 14h9l-1 8 10-12h-9l1-8z"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.mcpManagement">MCP 管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('knowledge-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z"></path><path d="M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.knowledgeManagement">知识管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('skills-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M14.5 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7.5L14.5 2z"></path><polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.skillsManagement">Skills 管理</span></a>
+                                            <a class="dashboard-quick-link" onclick="switchPage('roles-management')"><span class="dashboard-quick-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle><path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path><path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path></svg></span><span data-i18n="nav.rolesManagement">角色管理</span></a>
                                         </div>
                                     </section>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="dashboard-side">
                                     <section class="dashboard-section dashboard-section-tools">
-                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title">工具执行次数</h3>
+                                        <h3 class="dashboard-section-title" data-i18n="dashboard.toolsExecCount">工具执行次数</h3>
                                         <div class="dashboard-tools-chart-wrap">
-                                            <div class="dashboard-tools-chart-placeholder" id="dashboard-tools-pie-placeholder">暂无数据</div>
+                                            <div class="dashboard-tools-chart-placeholder" id="dashboard-tools-pie-placeholder" data-i18n="common.noData">暂无数据</div>
                                             <div class="dashboard-tools-bar-chart" id="dashboard-tools-bar-chart"></div>
                                         </div>
                                     </section>
@@ -369,12 +384,12 @@
                                         <svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.75" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z"></path></svg>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="dashboard-cta-copy">
-                                        <p class="dashboard-cta-text">开始你的安全之旅</p>
-                                        <p class="dashboard-cta-sub">在对话中描述目标，AI 将协助执行扫描与漏洞分析</p>
+                                        <p class="dashboard-cta-text" data-i18n="dashboard.ctaTitle">开始你的安全之旅</p>
+                                        <p class="dashboard-cta-sub" data-i18n="dashboard.ctaSub">在对话中描述目标，AI 将协助执行扫描与漏洞分析</p>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <button class="dashboard-cta-btn" onclick="switchPage('chat')">
-                                    <span>前往对话</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="dashboard.goToChat">前往对话</span>
                                     <span class="dashboard-cta-btn-arrow" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.5"><path d="M5 12h14M12 5l7 7-7 7"/></svg></span>
                                 </button>
                             </div>
@@ -389,17 +404,17 @@
                         <aside class="conversation-sidebar">
                             <div class="sidebar-header">
                                 <button class="new-chat-btn" onclick="startNewConversation()">
-                                    <span>+</span> 新对话
+                                    <span>+</span> <span data-i18n="chat.newChat">新对话</span>
                                 </button>
                             </div>
                             <div class="sidebar-content">
                                 <!-- 全局搜索 -->
                                 <div class="conversation-search-box" style="margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;">
-                                    <input type="text" id="conversation-search-input" placeholder="搜索历史记录..." 
+                                    <input type="text" id="conversation-search-input" data-i18n="chat.searchHistory" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索历史记录..." 
                                            oninput="handleConversationSearch(this.value)" 
                                            onkeypress="if(event.key === 'Enter') handleConversationSearch(this.value)" />
                                     <button class="conversation-search-clear" id="conversation-search-clear" 
-                                            onclick="clearConversationSearch()" style="display: none;" title="清除搜索">
+                                            onclick="clearConversationSearch()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="common.clearSearch" data-i18n-attr="title" title="清除搜索">
                                         <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                                             <path d="M15 9l-6 6M9 9l6 6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -410,8 +425,8 @@
                                 <!-- 对话分组 -->
                                 <div class="conversation-groups-section">
                                     <div class="section-header">
-                                        <span class="section-title">对话分组</span>
-                                        <button class="add-group-btn" onclick="showCreateGroupModal()" title="新建分组">
+                                        <span class="section-title" data-i18n="chat.conversationGroups">对话分组</span>
+                                        <button class="add-group-btn" onclick="showCreateGroupModal()" data-i18n="chat.addGroup" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="新建分组">
                                             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                                 <path d="M12 5v14M5 12h14" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                             </svg>
@@ -423,8 +438,8 @@
                                 <!-- 最近对话 -->
                                 <div class="recent-conversations-section">
                                     <div class="section-header">
-                                        <span class="section-title">最近对话</span>
-                                        <button class="batch-manage-btn" onclick="showBatchManageModal()" title="批量管理">
+                                        <span class="section-title" data-i18n="chat.recentConversations">最近对话</span>
+                                        <button class="batch-manage-btn" onclick="showBatchManageModal()" data-i18n="chat.batchManage" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="批量管理">
                                             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                                 <line x1="3" y1="12" x2="21" y2="12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
                                                 <line x1="3" y1="6" x2="21" y2="6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -450,19 +465,19 @@
                                 </button>
                                 <h2 id="group-detail-title" class="group-detail-title"></h2>
                                 <div class="group-detail-actions">
-                                    <button class="group-action-btn" onclick="toggleGroupSearch()" title="搜索" id="group-search-toggle-btn">
+                                    <button class="group-action-btn" onclick="toggleGroupSearch()" data-i18n="chatGroup.search" data-i18n-attr="title" title="搜索" id="group-search-toggle-btn">
                                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                                             <path d="m21 21-4.35-4.35" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
                                         </svg>
                                     </button>
-                                    <button class="group-action-btn" onclick="editGroup()" title="编辑">
+                                    <button class="group-action-btn" onclick="editGroup()" data-i18n="chatGroup.edit" data-i18n-attr="title" title="编辑">
                                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                             <path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                         </svg>
                                     </button>
-                                    <button class="group-action-btn delete-btn" onclick="deleteGroup()" title="删除">
+                                    <button class="group-action-btn delete-btn" onclick="deleteGroup()" data-i18n="chatGroup.delete" data-i18n-attr="title" title="删除">
                                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <path d="M3 6h18M8 6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2m3 0v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h14z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                         </svg>
@@ -471,8 +486,8 @@
                             </div>
                             <div id="group-search-container" class="group-search-container" style="display: none;">
                                 <div class="group-search-input-wrapper">
-                                    <input type="text" id="group-search-input" class="group-search-input" placeholder="搜索分组中的对话..." onkeyup="handleGroupSearchInput(event)" oninput="handleGroupSearchInput(event)">
-                                    <button class="group-search-clear-btn" onclick="clearGroupSearch()" title="清除搜索" id="group-search-clear-btn" style="display: none;">
+                                    <input type="text" id="group-search-input" class="group-search-input" data-i18n="chat.searchInGroup" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索分组中的对话..." onkeyup="handleGroupSearchInput(event)" oninput="handleGroupSearchInput(event)">
+                                    <button class="group-search-clear-btn" onclick="clearGroupSearch()" data-i18n="common.clearSearch" data-i18n-attr="title" title="清除搜索" id="group-search-clear-btn" style="display: none;">
                                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                                             <path d="m8 8 8 8M16 8l-8 8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -490,11 +505,11 @@
                             <!-- 会话顶部栏（只在有会话选中时显示） -->
                             <div id="conversation-header" class="conversation-header" style="display: none;">
                                 <div class="conversation-header-content">
-                                    <button id="attack-chain-btn" class="attack-chain-btn" title="查看攻击链" disabled>
+                                    <button id="attack-chain-btn" class="attack-chain-btn" data-i18n="chat.viewAttackChain" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="查看攻击链" disabled>
                                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <path d="M10.5 13.5l3-3M8 8H5a4 4 0 1 0 0 8h3m8-8h3a4 4 0 0 1 0 8h-3" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                         </svg>
-                                        <span>攻击链</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="chat.attackChain">攻击链</span>
                                     </button>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
@@ -502,9 +517,9 @@
                             <div id="chat-messages" class="chat-messages"></div>
                             <div id="chat-input-container" class="chat-input-container">
                                 <div class="role-selector-wrapper">
-                                    <button id="role-selector-btn" class="role-selector-btn" onclick="toggleRoleSelectionPanel()" title="选择角色">
+                                    <button id="role-selector-btn" class="role-selector-btn" onclick="toggleRoleSelectionPanel()" data-i18n="chat.selectRole" data-i18n-attr="title" title="选择角色">
                                         <span id="role-selector-icon" class="role-selector-icon">🔵</span>
-                                        <span id="role-selector-text" class="role-selector-text">默认</span>
+                                        <span id="role-selector-text" class="role-selector-text" data-i18n="chat.defaultRole">默认</span>
                                         <svg class="role-selector-arrow" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                             <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                         </svg>
@@ -512,8 +527,8 @@
                                     <!-- 角色选择下拉面板 -->
                                     <div id="role-selection-panel" class="role-selection-panel" style="display: none;">
                                         <div class="role-selection-panel-header">
-                                            <h3 class="role-selection-panel-title">选择角色</h3>
-                                            <button class="role-selection-panel-close" onclick="closeRoleSelectionPanel()" title="关闭">
+                                            <h3 class="role-selection-panel-title" data-i18n="chatGroup.rolePanelTitle">选择角色</h3>
+                                            <button class="role-selection-panel-close" onclick="closeRoleSelectionPanel()" data-i18n="common.close" data-i18n-attr="title" title="关闭">
                                                 <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                                     <path d="M18 6L6 18M6 6l12 12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                                 </svg>
@@ -525,18 +540,18 @@
                                 <div class="chat-input-with-files">
                                     <div id="chat-file-list" class="chat-file-list" aria-label="已选文件列表"></div>
                                     <div class="chat-input-field">
-                                        <textarea id="chat-input" placeholder="输入测试目标或命令... (输入 @ 选择工具 | Shift+Enter 换行，Enter 发送)" rows="1"></textarea>
+                                        <textarea id="chat-input" data-i18n="chat.inputPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" data-i18n-skip-text="true" placeholder="输入测试目标或命令... (输入 @ 选择工具 | Shift+Enter 换行，Enter 发送)" rows="1"></textarea>
                                         <div id="mention-suggestions" class="mention-suggestions" role="listbox" aria-label="工具提及候选"></div>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
-                                <input type="file" id="chat-file-input" class="chat-file-input-hidden" multiple accept="*" title="选择文件">
-                                <button type="button" class="chat-upload-btn" onclick="document.getElementById('chat-file-input').click()" title="上传文件（可多选或拖拽到此处）">
+                                <input type="file" id="chat-file-input" class="chat-file-input-hidden" multiple accept="*" data-i18n="chat.selectFile" data-i18n-attr="title" title="选择文件">
+                                <button type="button" class="chat-upload-btn" onclick="document.getElementById('chat-file-input').click()" data-i18n="chat.uploadFile" data-i18n-attr="title" title="上传文件（可多选或拖拽到此处）">
                                     <svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                         <path d="M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4M17 8l-5-5-5 5M12 3v12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                     </svg>
                                 </button>
                                 <button class="send-btn" onclick="sendMessage()">
-                                    <span>发送</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="chat.send">发送</span>
                                     <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                         <path d="M5 12h14M12 5l7 7-7 7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                     </svg>
@@ -549,34 +564,34 @@
                 <!-- MCP状态监控页面 -->
                 <div id="page-mcp-monitor" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>MCP 状态监控</h2>
-                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel()">刷新</button>
+<h2 data-i18n="mcp.monitorTitle">MCP 状态监控</h2>
+                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshMonitorPanel()"><span data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</span></button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="monitor-sections">
                             <section class="monitor-section monitor-overview">
                                 <div class="section-header">
-                                    <h3>执行统计</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="mcp.execStats">执行统计</h3>
                                 </div>
                                 <div id="monitor-stats" class="monitor-stats-grid">
-                                    <div class="monitor-empty">加载中...</div>
+                                    <div class="monitor-empty" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.loading">加载中...</div>
                                 </div>
                             </section>
                             <section class="monitor-section monitor-executions">
                                 <div class="section-header">
-                                    <h3>最新执行记录</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="mcp.latestExecutions">最新执行记录</h3>
                                     <div class="section-actions">
                                         <label>
-                                            工具搜索
-                                            <input type="text" id="monitor-tool-filter" placeholder="输入工具名称..." oninput="handleToolFilterInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') applyMonitorFilters()" />
+                                            <span data-i18n="mcp.toolSearch">工具搜索</span>
+                                            <input type="text" id="monitor-tool-filter" data-i18n="mcp.toolSearchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入工具名称..." oninput="handleToolFilterInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') applyMonitorFilters()" />
                                         </label>
                                         <label>
-                                            状态筛选
+                                            <span data-i18n="mcp.statusFilter">状态筛选</span>
                                             <select id="monitor-status-filter" onchange="applyMonitorFilters()">
-                                                <option value="all">全部</option>
-                                                <option value="completed">已完成</option>
-                                                <option value="running">执行中</option>
-                                                <option value="failed">失败</option>
+                                                <option value="all" data-i18n="mcp.filterAll">全部</option>
+                                                <option value="completed" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.statusCompleted">已完成</option>
+                                                <option value="running" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.statusRunning">执行中</option>
+                                                <option value="failed" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.statusFailed">失败</option>
                                             </select>
                                         </label>
                                     </div>
@@ -586,13 +601,13 @@
                                         <span id="monitor-selected-count">已选择 0 项</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="batch-actions-buttons">
-                                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="selectAllExecutions()">全选</button>
-                                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="deselectAllExecutions()">取消全选</button>
-                                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-delete" onclick="batchDeleteExecutions()">批量删除</button>
+                                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="selectAllExecutions()" data-i18n="mcp.selectAll">全选</button>
+                                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="deselectAllExecutions()" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.deselectAll">取消全选</button>
+                                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-delete" onclick="batchDeleteExecutions()" data-i18n="mcp.deleteSelected">批量删除</button>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div id="monitor-executions" class="monitor-table-container">
-                                    <div class="monitor-empty">加载中...</div>
+                                    <div class="monitor-empty" data-i18n="mcpMonitor.loading">加载中...</div>
                                 </div>
                             </section>
                         </div>
@@ -602,26 +617,26 @@
                 <!-- MCP管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-mcp-management" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>MCP 管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="mcp.managementTitle">MCP 管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadExternalMCPs()">刷新</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddExternalMCPModal()">添加外部MCP</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="loadExternalMCPs()"><span data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</span></button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddExternalMCPModal()" data-i18n="mcp.addExternalMCP">添加外部MCP</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <!-- MCP工具配置 -->
                         <div class="settings-section" style="margin-bottom: 32px;">
                             <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 16px;">
-                                <h3 style="margin: 0;">MCP 工具配置</h3>
-                                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveToolsConfig()">保存工具配置</button>
+                                <h3 style="margin: 0;" data-i18n="mcp.toolConfig">MCP 工具配置</h3>
+                                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveToolsConfig()" data-i18n="mcp.saveToolConfig">保存工具配置</button>
                             </div>
                             <div class="tools-controls">
                                 <div class="tools-actions">
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="selectAllTools()">全选</button>
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="deselectAllTools()">全不选</button>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="selectAllTools()" data-i18n="mcp.selectAll">全选</button>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="deselectAllTools()" data-i18n="mcp.deselectAll">全不选</button>
                                     <div class="search-box">
-                                        <input type="text" id="tools-search" placeholder="搜索工具..." onkeypress="handleSearchKeyPress(event)" oninput="if(this.value.trim() === '') clearSearch()" />
-                                        <button class="btn-search" onclick="searchTools()" title="搜索">🔍</button>
+                                        <input type="text" id="tools-search" data-i18n="mcp.toolSearchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索工具..." onkeypress="handleSearchKeyPress(event)" oninput="if(this.value.trim() === '') clearSearch()" />
+                                        <button class="btn-search" onclick="searchTools()" data-i18n="common.search" data-i18n-attr="title" title="搜索">🔍</button>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="tools-stats" id="tools-stats"></div>
                                 </div>
@@ -631,7 +646,7 @@
 
                         <!-- 外部MCP配置 -->
                         <div class="settings-section">
-                            <h3>外部 MCP 配置</h3>
+                            <h3 data-i18n="mcp.externalConfig">外部 MCP 配置</h3>
                             <div class="external-mcp-controls">
                                 <div class="external-mcp-actions">
                                     <div class="external-mcp-stats" id="external-mcp-stats"></div>
@@ -645,55 +660,55 @@
                 <!-- 知识管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-knowledge-management" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>知识管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="knowledge.title">知识管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshKnowledgeBase()">刷新</button>
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="rebuildKnowledgeIndex()">重建索引</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddKnowledgeItemModal()">添加知识</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshKnowledgeBase()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="rebuildKnowledgeIndex()" data-i18n="knowledge.rebuildIndex">重建索引</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddKnowledgeItemModal()" data-i18n="knowledge.addKnowledge">添加知识</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="knowledge-controls">
                             <div class="knowledge-stats-bar" id="knowledge-stats">
                                 <div class="knowledge-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label">总知识项</span>
+                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label" data-i18n="knowledge.totalItems">总知识项</span>
                                     <span class="knowledge-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="knowledge-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label">分类数</span>
+                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label" data-i18n="knowledge.categories">分类数</span>
                                     <span class="knowledge-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="knowledge-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label">总内容</span>
+                                    <span class="knowledge-stat-label" data-i18n="knowledgePage.totalContent">总内容</span>
                                     <span class="knowledge-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
                             <div id="knowledge-index-progress" style="display: none; margin-bottom: 16px;"></div>
                             <div class="knowledge-filters">
                                 <label>
-                                    分类筛选
+                                    <span data-i18n="knowledgePage.categoryFilter">分类筛选</span>
                                     <div class="custom-select-wrapper">
                                         <div class="custom-select" id="knowledge-category-filter-wrapper">
                                             <div class="custom-select-trigger" id="knowledge-category-filter-trigger">
-                                                <span>全部</span>
+                                                <span data-i18n="knowledgePage.all">全部</span>
                                                 <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                                     <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                                 </svg>
                                             </div>
                                             <div class="custom-select-dropdown" id="knowledge-category-filter-dropdown">
-                                                <div class="custom-select-option" data-value="" onclick="selectKnowledgeCategory('')">全部</div>
+                                                <div class="custom-select-option" data-value="" onclick="selectKnowledgeCategory('')" data-i18n="knowledgePage.all">全部</div>
                                             </div>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                 </label>
                                 <div class="search-box">
-                                    <input type="text" id="knowledge-search" placeholder="搜索知识..." oninput="handleKnowledgeSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchKnowledgeItems()" />
-                                    <button class="btn-search" onclick="searchKnowledgeItems()" title="搜索">🔍</button>
+                                    <input type="text" id="knowledge-search" data-i18n="knowledgePage.searchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索知识..." oninput="handleKnowledgeSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchKnowledgeItems()" />
+                                    <button class="btn-search" onclick="searchKnowledgeItems()" data-i18n="common.search" data-i18n-attr="title" title="搜索">🔍</button>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="knowledge-items-list" class="knowledge-items-list">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="knowledgePage.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="knowledge-pagination"></div>
                     </div>
@@ -702,43 +717,43 @@
                 <!-- 知识检索历史页面 -->
                 <div id="page-knowledge-retrieval-logs" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>检索历史</h2>
-                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshRetrievalLogs()">刷新</button>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="knowledge.retrievalLogs">检索历史</h2>
+                        <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshRetrievalLogs()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="retrieval-logs-controls">
                             <div class="retrieval-stats-bar" id="retrieval-stats">
                                 <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label">总检索次数</span>
+                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.totalRetrievals">总检索次数</span>
                                     <span class="retrieval-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功检索</span>
+                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRetrievals">成功检索</span>
                                     <span class="retrieval-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label">成功率</span>
+                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.successRate">成功率</span>
                                     <span class="retrieval-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="retrieval-stat-item">
-                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label">检索到知识项</span>
+                                    <span class="retrieval-stat-label" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.retrievedItems">检索到知识项</span>
                                     <span class="retrieval-stat-value">-</span>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
                             <div class="retrieval-logs-filters">
                                 <label>
-                                    对话ID
-                                    <input type="text" id="retrieval-logs-conversation-id" placeholder="可选：筛选特定对话" />
+                                    <span data-i18n="retrievalLogs.conversationId">对话ID</span>
+                                    <input type="text" id="retrieval-logs-conversation-id" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.optionalConversation" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="可选：筛选特定对话" />
                                 </label>
                                 <label>
-                                    消息ID
-                                    <input type="text" id="retrieval-logs-message-id" placeholder="可选：筛选特定消息" />
+                                    <span data-i18n="retrievalLogs.messageId">消息ID</span>
+                                    <input type="text" id="retrieval-logs-message-id" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.optionalMessage" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="可选：筛选特定消息" />
                                 </label>
-                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="filterRetrievalLogs()">筛选</button>
+                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="filterRetrievalLogs()" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.filter">筛选</button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="retrieval-logs-list" class="retrieval-logs-list">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="retrievalLogs.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 </div>
@@ -746,42 +761,42 @@
                 <!-- 信息收集页面 -->
                 <div id="page-info-collect" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>信息收集</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="infoCollectPage.title">信息收集</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="resetFofaForm()">重置</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="submitFofaSearch()">确定</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="resetFofaForm()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.reset">重置</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="submitFofaSearch()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.confirm">确定</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="info-collect-panel">
                             <div class="info-collect-form">
                                 <div class="form-group">
-                                    <label for="fofa-query">FOFA 查询语法</label>
-                                    <textarea id="fofa-query" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="1" placeholder='例如：app="Apache" && country="CN"'></textarea>
-                                    <small class="form-hint">查询语法参考 FOFA 文档，支持 && / || / () 等。</small>
+                                    <label for="fofa-query" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.fofaQuerySyntax">FOFA 查询语法</label>
+                                    <textarea id="fofa-query" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="1" data-i18n="infoCollect.queryPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder='例如：app="Apache" && country="CN"'></textarea>
+                                    <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.formHint">查询语法参考 FOFA 文档，支持 && / || / () 等。</small>
                                     <div class="info-collect-presets" aria-label="FOFA 查询示例">
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('app=&quot;Apache&quot; &amp;&amp; country=&quot;CN&quot;')" title="填入示例">Apache + 中国</button>
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('title=&quot;登录&quot; &amp;&amp; country=&quot;CN&quot;')" title="填入示例">登录页 + 中国</button>
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('domain=&quot;example.com&quot;')" title="填入示例">指定域名</button>
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('ip=&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;')" title="填入示例">指定 IP</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('app=&quot;Apache&quot; &amp;&amp; country=&quot;CN&quot;')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.presetApache" data-i18n-attr="title" title="填入示例">Apache + 中国</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('title=&quot;登录&quot; &amp;&amp; country=&quot;CN&quot;')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.presetLogin" data-i18n-attr="title" title="填入示例">登录页 + 中国</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('domain=&quot;example.com&quot;')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.presetDomain" data-i18n-attr="title" title="填入示例">指定域名</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaQueryPreset('ip=&quot;1.1.1.1&quot;')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.presetIp" data-i18n-attr="title" title="填入示例">指定 IP</button>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="form-group">
-                                    <label for="fofa-nl">自然语言（AI 解析为 FOFA 语法）</label>
+                                    <label for="fofa-nl" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.naturalLanguage">自然语言（AI 解析为 FOFA 语法）</label>
                                     <div class="info-collect-nl-row">
-                                        <textarea id="fofa-nl" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="1" placeholder="例如：找美国 Missouri 的 Apache 站点，标题包含 Home"></textarea>
-                                        <button id="fofa-nl-parse-btn" class="btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="parseFofaNaturalLanguage()" title="将自然语言解析为 FOFA 查询语法">AI 解析</button>
+                                        <textarea id="fofa-nl" class="info-collect-query-input" rows="1" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.nlPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="例如：找美国 Missouri 的 Apache 站点，标题包含 Home"></textarea>
+                                        <button id="fofa-nl-parse-btn" class="btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="parseFofaNaturalLanguage()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.parseBtn" data-i18n-attr="title" title="将自然语言解析为 FOFA 查询语法">AI 解析</button>
                                     </div>
                                     <div id="fofa-nl-status" class="fofa-nl-status muted" style="display: none;" aria-live="polite"></div>
-                                    <small class="form-hint">解析后会弹窗展示 FOFA 语法（可编辑），确认无误后再填入查询框并执行查询。</small>
+                                    <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.parseHint">解析后会弹窗展示 FOFA 语法（可编辑），确认无误后再填入查询框并执行查询。</small>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="info-collect-form-row">
                                     <div class="form-group">
-                                        <label for="fofa-size">返回数量</label>
+                                        <label for="fofa-size" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.returnCount">返回数量</label>
                                         <input type="number" id="fofa-size" min="1" max="10000" value="100" />
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="form-group">
-                                        <label for="fofa-page">页码</label>
+                                        <label for="fofa-page" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.pageNum">页码</label>
                                         <input type="number" id="fofa-page" min="1" value="1" />
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="form-group">
@@ -793,12 +808,12 @@
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="form-group">
-                                    <label for="fofa-fields">返回字段名（逗号分隔）</label>
+                                    <label for="fofa-fields" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.returnFields">返回字段名（逗号分隔）</label>
                                     <input type="text" id="fofa-fields" value="host,ip,port,domain,title,protocol,country,province,city,server" />
                                     <div class="info-collect-presets" aria-label="FOFA 字段模板">
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,ip,port,domain')" title="适合快速导出目标">最小字段</button>
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,title,ip,port,domain,protocol,server,icp,country,province,city')" title="适合浏览和筛选">Web 常用</button>
-                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,ip,port,domain,title,protocol,country,province,city,server,as_number,as_organization,icp,header,banner')" title="更偏指纹/情报">情报增强</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,ip,port,domain')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.minFields" data-i18n-attr="title" title="适合快速导出目标">最小字段</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,title,ip,port,domain,protocol,server,icp,country,province,city')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.webCommon" data-i18n-attr="title" title="适合浏览和筛选">Web 常用</button>
+                                        <button class="preset-chip" type="button" onclick="applyFofaFieldsPreset('host,ip,port,domain,title,protocol,country,province,city,server,as_number,as_organization,icp,header,banner')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.intelEnhanced" data-i18n-attr="title" title="更偏指纹/情报">情报增强</button>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
@@ -807,27 +822,27 @@
                         <div class="info-collect-results">
                             <div class="info-collect-results-header">
                                 <div class="info-collect-results-header-left">
-                                    <div class="info-collect-results-title">查询结果</div>
+                                    <div class="info-collect-results-title" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.queryResults">查询结果</div>
                                     <div class="info-collect-results-meta" id="fofa-results-meta">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="info-collect-results-toolbar" aria-label="结果工具条">
-                                    <div class="info-collect-selected" id="fofa-selected-meta">已选择 0 条</div>
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="toggleFofaColumnsPanel()" title="显示/隐藏字段">列</button>
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('csv')" title="导出当前结果为 CSV（UTF-8，兼容中文）">导出 CSV</button>
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('json')" title="导出当前结果为 JSON">导出 JSON</button>
-                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('xlsx')" title="导出当前结果为 Excel">导出 XLSX</button>
-                                    <button class="btn-primary btn-small" type="button" onclick="batchScanSelectedFofaRows()" title="将所选行创建为批量任务队列">批量扫描</button>
+                                    <div class="info-collect-selected" id="fofa-selected-meta" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.selectedRowsZero">已选择 0 条</div>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="toggleFofaColumnsPanel()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.showHideColumns" data-i18n-attr="title" title="显示/隐藏字段"><span data-i18n="infoCollectPage.columns">列</span></button>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('csv')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportCsvTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" title="导出当前结果为 CSV（UTF-8，兼容中文）"><span data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportCsv">导出 CSV</span></button>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('json')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportJsonTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" title="导出当前结果为 JSON"><span data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportJson">导出 JSON</span></button>
+                                    <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="exportFofaResults('xlsx')" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportXlsxTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" title="导出当前结果为 Excel"><span data-i18n="infoCollectPage.exportXlsx">导出 XLSX</span></button>
+                                    <button class="btn-primary btn-small" type="button" onclick="batchScanSelectedFofaRows()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.batchScanTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" title="将所选行创建为批量任务队列"><span data-i18n="infoCollectPage.batchScan">批量扫描</span></button>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
                             <div class="info-collect-results-table-wrap">
                                 <!-- 字段显示/隐藏面板 -->
                                 <div id="fofa-columns-panel" class="info-collect-columns-panel" style="display: none;">
                                     <div class="info-collect-columns-panel-header">
-                                        <div class="info-collect-columns-title">显示字段</div>
+                                        <div class="info-collect-columns-title" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.showColumns">显示字段</div>
                                         <div class="info-collect-columns-actions">
-                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="showAllFofaColumns()">全选</button>
-                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="hideAllFofaColumns()">全不选</button>
-                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="closeFofaColumnsPanel()">关闭</button>
+                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="showAllFofaColumns()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.columnsPanelAll">全选</button>
+                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="hideAllFofaColumns()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.columnsPanelNone">全不选</button>
+                                            <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" type="button" onclick="closeFofaColumnsPanel()" data-i18n="infoCollectPage.columnsPanelClose">关闭</button>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                     <div id="fofa-columns-list" class="info-collect-columns-list"></div>
@@ -835,7 +850,7 @@
                                 <table class="info-collect-table">
                                     <thead id="fofa-results-thead"></thead>
                                     <tbody id="fofa-results-tbody">
-                                        <tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;">暂无数据</td></tr>
+                                        <tr><td class="muted" style="padding: 16px;" data-i18n="common.noData">暂无数据</td></tr>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </table>
                             </div>
@@ -846,10 +861,10 @@
                 <!-- 漏洞管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-vulnerabilities" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>漏洞管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="vulnerability.title">漏洞管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshVulnerabilities()">刷新</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddVulnerabilityModal()">添加漏洞</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshVulnerabilities()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddVulnerabilityModal()" data-i18n="vulnerability.addVuln">添加漏洞</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
@@ -857,27 +872,27 @@
                         <div class="vulnerability-dashboard" id="vulnerability-dashboard">
                             <div class="dashboard-stats">
                                 <div class="stat-card">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">总漏洞数</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.statTotal">总漏洞数</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-total">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="stat-card stat-critical">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">严重</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityCritical">严重</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-critical">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="stat-card stat-high">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">高危</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityHigh">高危</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-high">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="stat-card stat-medium">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">中危</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityMedium">中危</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-medium">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="stat-card stat-low">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">低危</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityLow">低危</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-low">-</div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="stat-card stat-info">
-                                    <div class="stat-label">信息</div>
+                                    <div class="stat-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityInfo">信息</div>
                                     <div class="stat-value" id="stat-info">-</div>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
@@ -887,42 +902,42 @@
                         <div class="vulnerability-controls">
                             <div class="vulnerability-filters">
                                 <label>
-                                    漏洞ID
-                                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-id-filter" placeholder="搜索漏洞ID" />
+                                    <span data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.vulnId">漏洞ID</span>
+                                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-id-filter" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.searchVulnId" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索漏洞ID" />
                                 </label>
                                 <label>
-                                    会话ID
-                                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-conversation-filter" placeholder="筛选特定会话" />
+                                    <span data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.conversationId">会话ID</span>
+                                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-conversation-filter" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.filterConversation" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="筛选特定会话" />
                                 </label>
                                 <label>
-                                    严重程度
+                                    <span data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.severity">严重程度</span>
                                     <select id="vulnerability-severity-filter">
-                                        <option value="">全部</option>
-                                        <option value="critical">严重</option>
-                                        <option value="high">高危</option>
-                                        <option value="medium">中危</option>
-                                        <option value="low">低危</option>
-                                        <option value="info">信息</option>
+                                        <option value="" data-i18n="knowledgePage.all">全部</option>
+                                        <option value="critical" data-i18n="dashboard.severityCritical">严重</option>
+                                        <option value="high" data-i18n="dashboard.severityHigh">高危</option>
+                                        <option value="medium" data-i18n="dashboard.severityMedium">中危</option>
+                                        <option value="low" data-i18n="dashboard.severityLow">低危</option>
+                                        <option value="info" data-i18n="dashboard.severityInfo">信息</option>
                                     </select>
                                 </label>
                                 <label>
-                                    状态
+                                    <span data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.status">状态</span>
                                     <select id="vulnerability-status-filter">
-                                        <option value="">全部</option>
-                                        <option value="open">待处理</option>
-                                        <option value="confirmed">已确认</option>
-                                        <option value="fixed">已修复</option>
-                                        <option value="false_positive">误报</option>
+                                        <option value="" data-i18n="knowledgePage.all">全部</option>
+                                        <option value="open" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.statusOpen">待处理</option>
+                                        <option value="confirmed" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.statusConfirmed">已确认</option>
+                                        <option value="fixed" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.statusFixed">已修复</option>
+                                        <option value="false_positive" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.statusFalsePositive">误报</option>
                                     </select>
                                 </label>
-                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="filterVulnerabilities()">筛选</button>
-                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="clearVulnerabilityFilters()">清除</button>
+                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="filterVulnerabilities()" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.filter">筛选</button>
+                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="clearVulnerabilityFilters()" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.clear">清除</button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
 
                         <!-- 漏洞列表 -->
                         <div id="vulnerabilities-list" class="vulnerabilities-list">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="vulnerabilityPage.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                         
                         <!-- 分页控件 -->
@@ -933,14 +948,14 @@
                 <!-- 任务管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-tasks" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>任务管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="tasks.title">任务管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showBatchImportModal()">新建任务</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showBatchImportModal()" data-i18n="tasks.newTask">新建任务</button>
                             <label class="auto-refresh-toggle">
                                 <input type="checkbox" id="tasks-auto-refresh" checked onchange="toggleTasksAutoRefresh(this.checked)">
-                                <span>自动刷新</span>
+                                <span data-i18n="tasks.autoRefresh">自动刷新</span>
                             </label>
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshBatchQueues()">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshBatchQueues()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
@@ -949,19 +964,19 @@
                             <!-- 筛选控件 -->
                             <div class="batch-queues-filters tasks-filters">
                                 <label>
-                                    <span>状态筛选</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="tasksPage.statusFilter">状态筛选</span>
                                     <select id="batch-queues-status-filter" onchange="filterBatchQueues()">
-                                        <option value="all">全部</option>
-                                        <option value="pending">待执行</option>
-                                        <option value="running">执行中</option>
-                                        <option value="paused">已暂停</option>
-                                        <option value="completed">已完成</option>
-                                        <option value="cancelled">已取消</option>
+                                        <option value="all" data-i18n="knowledgePage.all">全部</option>
+                                        <option value="pending" data-i18n="tasksPage.statusPending">待执行</option>
+                                        <option value="running" data-i18n="dashboard.executing">执行中</option>
+                                        <option value="paused" data-i18n="tasksPage.statusPaused">已暂停</option>
+                                        <option value="completed" data-i18n="dashboard.completed">已完成</option>
+                                        <option value="cancelled" data-i18n="tasksPage.statusCancelled">已取消</option>
                                     </select>
                                 </label>
                                 <label style="flex: 1; max-width: 300px;">
-                                    <span>搜索队列ID、标题或创建时间</span>
-                                    <input type="text" id="batch-queues-search" placeholder="输入关键字搜索..." 
+                                    <span data-i18n="tasksPage.searchQueuePlaceholder">搜索队列ID、标题或创建时间</span>
+                                    <input type="text" id="batch-queues-search" data-i18n="tasksPage.searchKeywordPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入关键字搜索..." 
                                            oninput="filterBatchQueues()">
                                 </label>
                             </div>
@@ -975,17 +990,17 @@
                 <!-- 角色管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-roles-management" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>角色管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="roles.title">角色管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshRoles()">刷新</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddRoleModal()">创建角色</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshRoles()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddRoleModal()" data-i18n="roles.createRole">创建角色</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="roles-controls">
                             <div class="roles-search-box">
-                                <input type="text" id="roles-search" placeholder="搜索角色..." oninput="handleRolesSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchRoles()" />
-                                <button class="roles-search-clear" id="roles-search-clear" onclick="clearRolesSearch()" style="display: none;" title="清除搜索">
+                                <input type="text" id="roles-search" data-i18n="roles.searchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索角色..." oninput="handleRolesSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchRoles()" />
+                                <button class="roles-search-clear" id="roles-search-clear" onclick="clearRolesSearch()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="common.clearSearch" data-i18n-attr="title" title="清除搜索">
                                     <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                         <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                                         <path d="M15 9l-6 6M9 9l6 6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -994,7 +1009,7 @@
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="roles-list" class="roles-grid">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="knowledgePage.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 </div>
@@ -1002,30 +1017,30 @@
                 <!-- Skills状态监控页面 -->
                 <div id="page-skills-monitor" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>Skills状态监控</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="skills.monitorTitle">Skills状态监控</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshSkillsMonitor()">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshSkillsMonitor()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content">
                         <div class="monitor-sections">
                             <section class="monitor-section monitor-overview">
                                 <div class="section-header">
-                                    <h3>调用统计</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="skills.callStats">调用统计</h3>
                                 </div>
                                 <div id="skills-stats" class="monitor-stats-grid">
-                                    <div class="monitor-empty">加载中...</div>
+                                    <div class="monitor-empty" data-i18n="skillsPage.loading">加载中...</div>
                                 </div>
                             </section>
                             <section class="monitor-section monitor-executions">
                                 <div class="section-header">
-                                    <h3>Skills调用统计</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="skillsPage.skillsCallStats">Skills调用统计</h3>
                                     <div class="section-actions">
-                                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="clearSkillsStats()" title="清空所有统计数据">清空统计</button>
+                                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" onclick="clearSkillsStats()" data-i18n="skillsPage.clearStatsTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="清空所有统计数据"><span data-i18n="skillsPage.clearStats">清空统计</span></button>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div id="skills-monitor-list" class="monitor-table-container">
-                                    <div class="monitor-empty">加载中...</div>
+                                    <div class="monitor-empty" data-i18n="skillsPage.loading">加载中...</div>
                                 </div>
                             </section>
                         </div>
@@ -1035,17 +1050,17 @@
                 <!-- Skills管理页面 -->
                 <div id="page-skills-management" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>Skills管理</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="skills.title">Skills管理</h2>
                         <div class="page-header-actions">
-                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshSkills()">刷新</button>
-                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddSkillModal()">创建Skill</button>
+                            <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="refreshSkills()" data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</button>
+                            <button class="btn-primary" onclick="showAddSkillModal()" data-i18n="skills.createSkill">创建Skill</button>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content page-content-with-pagination">
                         <div class="skills-controls">
                             <div class="skills-search-box">
-                                <input type="text" id="skills-search" placeholder="搜索Skills..." oninput="handleSkillsSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchSkills()" />
-                                <button class="skills-search-clear" id="skills-search-clear" onclick="clearSkillsSearch()" style="display: none;" title="清除搜索">
+                                <input type="text" id="skills-search" data-i18n="skillsPage.searchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索Skills..." oninput="handleSkillsSearchInput()" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter') searchSkills()" />
+                                <button class="skills-search-clear" id="skills-search-clear" onclick="clearSkillsSearch()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="common.clearSearch" data-i18n-attr="title" title="清除搜索">
                                     <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                         <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                                         <path d="M15 9l-6 6M9 9l6 6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -1054,7 +1069,7 @@
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="skills-list" class="skills-grid">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="skillsPage.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="skills-pagination" class="pagination-container pagination-fixed"></div>
                     </div>
@@ -1063,23 +1078,23 @@
                 <!-- 系统设置页面 -->
                 <div id="page-settings" class="page">
                     <div class="page-header">
-                        <h2>系统设置</h2>
+                        <h2 data-i18n="settings.title">系统设置</h2>
                     </div>
                     <div class="page-content settings-layout">
                         <!-- 左侧导航栏 -->
                         <aside class="settings-sidebar">
                             <nav class="settings-nav">
                                 <div class="settings-nav-item active" data-section="basic" onclick="switchSettingsSection('basic')">
-                                    <span>基本设置</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="settings.nav.basic">基本设置</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="settings-nav-item" data-section="robots" onclick="switchSettingsSection('robots')">
-                                    <span>机器人设置</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="settings.nav.robots">机器人设置</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="settings-nav-item" data-section="terminal" onclick="switchSettingsSection('terminal')">
-                                    <span>终端</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="settings.nav.terminal">终端</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="settings-nav-item" data-section="security" onclick="switchSettingsSection('security')">
-                                    <span>安全设置</span>
+                                    <span data-i18n="settings.nav.security">安全设置</span>
                                 </div>
                             </nav>
                         </aside>
@@ -1089,180 +1104,180 @@
                             <!-- 基本设置 -->
                             <div id="settings-section-basic" class="settings-section-content active">
                                 <div class="settings-section-header">
-                                    <h3>基本设置</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="settingsBasic.basicTitle">基本设置</h3>
                                 </div>
                                 
                                 <!-- OpenAI配置 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>OpenAI 配置</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settingsBasic.openaiConfig">OpenAI 配置</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="openai-base-url">Base URL <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="openai-base-url" placeholder="https://api.openai.com/v1" required />
+                                            <input type="text" id="openai-base-url" data-i18n="settingsBasic.openaiBaseUrlPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="https://api.openai.com/v1" required />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="openai-api-key">API Key <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="openai-api-key" placeholder="输入OpenAI API Key" required />
+                                            <input type="password" id="openai-api-key" data-i18n="settingsBasic.openaiApiKeyPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入OpenAI API Key" required />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="openai-model">模型 <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="openai-model" placeholder="gpt-4" required />
+                                            <label for="openai-model" data-i18n="settingsBasic.model">模型 <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
+                                            <input type="text" id="openai-model" data-i18n="settingsBasic.modelPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="gpt-4" required />
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
 
                                 <!-- FOFA配置 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>FOFA 配置</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaConfig">FOFA 配置</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="fofa-base-url">Base URL</label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="fofa-base-url" placeholder="https://fofa.info/api/v1/search/all（可选）" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">留空则使用默认地址。</small>
+                                            <input type="text" id="fofa-base-url" data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaBaseUrlPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="https://fofa.info/api/v1/search/all（可选）" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaBaseUrlHint">留空则使用默认地址。</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="fofa-email">Email</label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="fofa-email" placeholder="输入 FOFA 账号邮箱" autocomplete="off" />
+                                            <label for="fofa-email" data-i18n="settingsBasic.email">Email</label>
+                                            <input type="text" id="fofa-email" data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaEmailPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入 FOFA 账号邮箱" autocomplete="off" />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="fofa-api-key">API Key</label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="fofa-api-key" placeholder="输入 FOFA API Key" autocomplete="off" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">仅保存在服务器配置中（`config.yaml`）。</small>
+                                            <input type="password" id="fofa-api-key" data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaApiKeyPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入 FOFA API Key" autocomplete="off" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.fofaApiKeyHint">仅保存在服务器配置中（`config.yaml`）。</small>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
 
                                 <!-- Agent配置 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>Agent 配置</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settingsBasic.agentConfig">Agent 配置</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="agent-max-iterations">最大迭代次数</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="agent-max-iterations" min="1" max="100" placeholder="30" />
+                                            <label for="agent-max-iterations" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxIterations">最大迭代次数</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="agent-max-iterations" min="1" max="100" data-i18n="settingsBasic.iterationsPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="30" />
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
 
                                 <!-- 知识库配置 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>知识库配置</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settingsBasic.knowledgeConfig">知识库配置</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label class="checkbox-label">
                                                 <input type="checkbox" id="knowledge-enabled" class="modern-checkbox" />
                                                 <span class="checkbox-custom"></span>
-                                                <span class="checkbox-text">启用知识检索功能</span>
+                                                <span class="checkbox-text" data-i18n="settingsBasic.enableKnowledge">启用知识检索功能</span>
                                             </label>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-base-path">知识库路径</label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-base-path" placeholder="knowledge_base" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">相对于配置文件所在目录的路径</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-base-path" data-i18n="settingsBasic.knowledgeBasePath">知识库路径</label>
+                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-base-path" data-i18n="settingsBasic.knowledgeBasePathPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="knowledge_base" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.knowledgeBasePathHint">相对于配置文件所在目录的路径</small>
                                         </div>
                                         
                                         <div class="settings-subsection-header">
-                                            <h5>嵌入模型配置</h5>
+                                            <h5 data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingConfig">嵌入模型配置</h5>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-embedding-provider">提供商</label>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-embedding-provider" data-i18n="settingsBasic.provider">提供商</label>
                                             <select id="knowledge-embedding-provider">
                                                 <option value="openai">OpenAI</option>
                                             </select>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="knowledge-embedding-base-url">Base URL</label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-embedding-base-url" placeholder="留空则使用OpenAI配置的base_url" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">留空则使用OpenAI配置的base_url</small>
+                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-embedding-base-url" data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingBaseUrlPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="留空则使用OpenAI配置的base_url" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingBaseUrlPlaceholder">留空则使用OpenAI配置的base_url</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label for="knowledge-embedding-api-key">API Key</label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="knowledge-embedding-api-key" placeholder="留空则使用OpenAI配置的api_key" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">留空则使用OpenAI配置的api_key</small>
+                                            <input type="password" id="knowledge-embedding-api-key" data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingApiKeyPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="留空则使用OpenAI配置的api_key" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingApiKeyPlaceholder">留空则使用OpenAI配置的api_key</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-embedding-model">模型名称</label>
-                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-embedding-model" placeholder="text-embedding-v4" />
+                                            <label for="knowledge-embedding-model" data-i18n="settingsBasic.modelName">模型名称</label>
+                                            <input type="text" id="knowledge-embedding-model" data-i18n="settingsBasic.embeddingModelPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="text-embedding-v4" />
                                         </div>
                                         
                                         <div class="settings-subsection-header">
-                                            <h5>检索配置</h5>
+                                            <h5 data-i18n="settingsBasic.retrievalConfig">检索配置</h5>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-top-k">Top-K 结果数量</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-top-k" min="1" max="20" placeholder="5" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">检索返回的Top-K结果数量</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-top-k" data-i18n="settingsBasic.topK">Top-K 结果数量</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-top-k" min="1" max="20" data-i18n="settingsBasic.topKPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="5" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.topKHint">检索返回的Top-K结果数量</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-similarity-threshold">相似度阈值</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-similarity-threshold" min="0" max="1" step="0.1" placeholder="0.7" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">相似度阈值（0-1），低于此值的结果将被过滤</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-similarity-threshold" data-i18n="settingsBasic.similarityThreshold">相似度阈值</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-similarity-threshold" min="0" max="1" step="0.1" data-i18n="settingsBasic.similarityPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="0.7" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.similarityHint">相似度阈值（0-1），低于此值的结果将被过滤</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-hybrid-weight">混合检索权重</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-hybrid-weight" min="0" max="1" step="0.1" placeholder="0.7" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">向量检索的权重（0-1），1.0表示纯向量检索，0.0表示纯关键词检索</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-retrieval-hybrid-weight" data-i18n="settingsBasic.hybridWeight">混合检索权重</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-retrieval-hybrid-weight" min="0" max="1" step="0.1" data-i18n="settingsBasic.hybridPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="0.7" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.hybridHint">向量检索的权重（0-1），1.0表示纯向量检索，0.0表示纯关键词检索</small>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                         <div class="settings-subsection-header">
-                                            <h5>索引配置</h5>
+                                            <h5 data-i18n="settingsBasic.indexConfig">索引配置</h5>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-chunk-size">分块大小（Chunk Size）</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-chunk-size" min="128" max="4096" placeholder="512" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">每个块的最大 token 数（默认 512），长文本会被分割成多个块</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-chunk-size" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkSize">分块大小（Chunk Size）</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-chunk-size" min="128" max="4096" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkSizePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="512" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkSizeHint">每个块的最大 token 数（默认 512），长文本会被分割成多个块</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-chunk-overlap">分块重叠（Chunk Overlap）</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-chunk-overlap" min="0" max="512" placeholder="50" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">块之间的重叠 token 数（默认 50），保持上下文连贯性</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-chunk-overlap" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkOverlap">分块重叠（Chunk Overlap）</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-chunk-overlap" min="0" max="512" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkOverlapPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="50" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.chunkOverlapHint">块之间的重叠 token 数（默认 50），保持上下文连贯性</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-chunks-per-item">单个知识项最大块数</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-chunks-per-item" min="0" max="1000" placeholder="0" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">单个知识项的最大块数量（0 表示不限制），防止单个文件消耗过多 API 配额</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-chunks-per-item" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxChunksPerItem">单个知识项最大块数</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-chunks-per-item" min="0" max="1000" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxChunksPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="0" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxChunksHint">单个知识项的最大块数量（0 表示不限制），防止单个文件消耗过多 API 配额</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-rpm">每分钟最大请求数（Max RPM）</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-rpm" min="0" max="1000" placeholder="0" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">每分钟最大请求数（默认 0 表示不限制），如 OpenAI 默认 200 RPM</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-rpm" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRpm">每分钟最大请求数（Max RPM）</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-rpm" min="0" max="1000" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRpmPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="0" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRpmHint">每分钟最大请求数（默认 0 表示不限制），如 OpenAI 默认 200 RPM</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-rate-limit-delay-ms">请求间隔延迟（毫秒）</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-rate-limit-delay-ms" min="0" max="10000" placeholder="300" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">请求间隔毫秒数（默认 300），用于避免 API 速率限制，设为 0 不限制</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-rate-limit-delay-ms" data-i18n="settingsBasic.rateLimitDelay">请求间隔延迟（毫秒）</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-rate-limit-delay-ms" min="0" max="10000" data-i18n="settingsBasic.rateLimitPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="300" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.rateLimitHint">请求间隔毫秒数（默认 300），用于避免 API 速率限制，设为 0 不限制</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-retries">最大重试次数</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-retries" min="0" max="10" placeholder="3" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">最大重试次数（默认 3），遇到速率限制或服务器错误时自动重试</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-max-retries" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRetries">最大重试次数</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-max-retries" min="0" max="10" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRetriesPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="3" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.maxRetriesHint">最大重试次数（默认 3），遇到速率限制或服务器错误时自动重试</small>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-retry-delay-ms">重试间隔（毫秒）</label>
-                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-retry-delay-ms" min="0" max="10000" placeholder="1000" />
-                                            <small class="form-hint">重试间隔毫秒数（默认 1000），每次重试会递增延迟</small>
+                                            <label for="knowledge-indexing-retry-delay-ms" data-i18n="settingsBasic.retryDelay">重试间隔（毫秒）</label>
+                                            <input type="number" id="knowledge-indexing-retry-delay-ms" min="0" max="10000" data-i18n="settingsBasic.retryDelayPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="1000" />
+                                            <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="settingsBasic.retryDelayHint">重试间隔毫秒数（默认 1000），每次重试会递增延迟</small>
                                         </div>                                </div>
 
                                 <div class="settings-actions">
-                                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="applySettings()">应用配置</button>
+                                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="applySettings()" data-i18n="settings.apply.button">应用配置</button>
                                 </div>
                             </div>
 
                             <!-- 机器人设置 -->
                             <div id="settings-section-robots" class="settings-section-content">
                                 <div class="settings-section-header">
-                                    <h3>机器人设置</h3>
-                                    <p class="settings-description">配置企业微信、钉钉、飞书等机器人，在手机端直接与 CyberStrikeAI 对话，无需在服务器上打开网页。</p>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="settings.robots.title">机器人设置</h3>
+                                    <p class="settings-description" data-i18n="settings.robots.description">配置企业微信、钉钉、飞书等机器人，在手机端直接与 CyberStrikeAI 对话，无需在服务器上打开网页。</p>
                                 </div>
 
                                 <!-- 企业微信 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>企业微信</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settings.robots.wecom.title">企业微信</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label class="checkbox-label">
                                                 <input type="checkbox" id="robot-wecom-enabled" class="modern-checkbox" />
                                                 <span class="checkbox-custom"></span>
-                                                <span class="checkbox-text">启用企业微信机器人</span>
+                                                <span class="checkbox-text" data-i18n="settings.robots.wecom.enabled">启用企业微信机器人</span>
                                             </label>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
@@ -1290,13 +1305,13 @@
 
                                 <!-- 钉钉 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>钉钉</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settings.robots.dingtalk.title">钉钉</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label class="checkbox-label">
                                                 <input type="checkbox" id="robot-dingtalk-enabled" class="modern-checkbox" />
                                                 <span class="checkbox-custom"></span>
-                                                <span class="checkbox-text">启用钉钉机器人</span>
+                                                <span class="checkbox-text" data-i18n="settings.robots.dingtalk.enabled">启用钉钉机器人</span>
                                             </label>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
@@ -1313,13 +1328,13 @@
 
                                 <!-- 飞书 -->
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>飞书 (Lark)</h4>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settings.robots.lark.title">飞书 (Lark)</h4>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
                                             <label class="checkbox-label">
                                                 <input type="checkbox" id="robot-lark-enabled" class="modern-checkbox" />
                                                 <span class="checkbox-custom"></span>
-                                                <span class="checkbox-text">启用飞书机器人</span>
+                                                <span class="checkbox-text" data-i18n="settings.robots.lark.enabled">启用飞书机器人</span>
                                             </label>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
@@ -1364,13 +1379,13 @@
                             <!-- 终端 -->
                             <div id="settings-section-terminal" class="settings-section-content">
                                 <div class="settings-section-header">
-                                    <h3>终端</h3>
-                                    <p class="settings-description">在服务器上执行命令，便于运维与调试。命令在服务端执行，请勿执行敏感或破坏性操作。</p>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="settingsTerminal.title">终端</h3>
+                                    <p class="settings-description" data-i18n="settingsTerminal.description">在服务器上执行命令，便于运维与调试。命令在服务端执行，请勿执行敏感或破坏性操作。</p>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="terminal-wrapper">
                                     <div class="terminal-tabs">
-                                        <div class="terminal-tab active" data-tab-id="1"><span class="terminal-tab-label" onclick="switchTerminalTab(1)">终端 1</span><button type="button" class="terminal-tab-close" onclick="removeTerminalTab(1); event.stopPropagation();" title="关闭">×</button></div>
-                                        <button type="button" class="terminal-tab-new" onclick="addTerminalTab()" title="新终端">+</button>
+                                        <div class="terminal-tab active" data-tab-id="1"><span class="terminal-tab-label" onclick="switchTerminalTab(1)">终端 1</span><button type="button" class="terminal-tab-close" onclick="removeTerminalTab(1); event.stopPropagation();" data-i18n="settingsTerminal.close" data-i18n-attr="title" title="关闭">×</button></div>
+                                        <button type="button" class="terminal-tab-new" onclick="addTerminalTab()" data-i18n="settingsTerminal.newTerminal" data-i18n-attr="title" title="新终端">+</button>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="terminal-panes">
                                         <div id="terminal-pane-1" class="terminal-pane active">
@@ -1383,28 +1398,28 @@
                             <!-- 安全设置 -->
                             <div id="settings-section-security" class="settings-section-content">
                                 <div class="settings-section-header">
-                                    <h3>安全设置</h3>
+                                    <h3 data-i18n="settings.nav.security">安全设置</h3>
                                 </div>
                                 
                                 <div class="settings-subsection">
-                                    <h4>修改密码</h4>
-                                    <p class="settings-description">修改登录密码后，需要使用新密码重新登录。</p>
+                                    <h4 data-i18n="settingsSecurity.changePasswordTitle">修改密码</h4>
+                                    <p class="settings-description" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.changePasswordDesc">修改登录密码后，需要使用新密码重新登录。</p>
                                     <div class="settings-form">
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="auth-current-password">当前密码</label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="auth-current-password" placeholder="输入当前登录密码" autocomplete="current-password" />
+                                            <label for="auth-current-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.currentPassword">当前密码</label>
+                                            <input type="password" id="auth-current-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.currentPasswordPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入当前登录密码" autocomplete="current-password" />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="auth-new-password">新密码</label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="auth-new-password" placeholder="设置新密码（至少 8 位）" autocomplete="new-password" />
+                                            <label for="auth-new-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.newPassword">新密码</label>
+                                            <input type="password" id="auth-new-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.newPasswordPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="设置新密码（至少 8 位）" autocomplete="new-password" />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-group">
-                                            <label for="auth-confirm-password">确认新密码</label>
-                                            <input type="password" id="auth-confirm-password" placeholder="再次输入新密码" autocomplete="new-password" />
+                                            <label for="auth-confirm-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.confirmPassword">确认新密码</label>
+                                            <input type="password" id="auth-confirm-password" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.confirmPasswordPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="再次输入新密码" autocomplete="new-password" />
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="form-actions">
-                                            <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="resetPasswordForm()">清空</button>
-                                            <button class="btn-primary change-password-submit" type="button" onclick="changePassword()">修改密码</button>
+                                            <button class="btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="resetPasswordForm()" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.clear">清空</button>
+                                            <button class="btn-primary change-password-submit" type="button" onclick="changePassword()" data-i18n="settingsSecurity.changePasswordBtn">修改密码</button>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
@@ -1421,37 +1436,37 @@
     <div id="mcp-detail-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>工具调用详情</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.title">工具调用详情</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeMCPDetail()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
                 <div class="detail-section detail-section-overview">
                     <div class="detail-section-header">
-                        <h3>执行信息</h3>
+                        <h3 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.execInfo">执行信息</h3>
                     </div>
                     <div class="detail-info-grid">
                         <div class="detail-item">
-                            <strong>工具</strong>
+                            <strong data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.tool">工具</strong>
                             <span id="detail-tool-name"></span>
                         </div>
                         <div class="detail-item">
-                            <strong>状态</strong>
+                            <strong data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.status">状态</strong>
                             <span id="detail-status" class="status-chip status-unknown"></span>
                         </div>
                         <div class="detail-item">
-                            <strong>时间</strong>
+                            <strong data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.time">时间</strong>
                             <span id="detail-time"></span>
                         </div>
                         <div class="detail-item">
-                            <strong>执行 ID</strong>
+                            <strong data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.executionId">执行 ID</strong>
                             <span id="detail-execution-id" class="mono-text"></span>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-section">
                     <div class="detail-section-header">
-                        <h3>请求参数</h3>
-                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-request', this)">复制 JSON</button>
+                        <h3 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.requestParams">请求参数</h3>
+                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-request', this)" data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.copyJson">复制 JSON</button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="detail-code-card">
                         <pre id="detail-request" class="code-block"></pre>
@@ -1459,8 +1474,8 @@
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-section">
                     <div class="detail-section-header">
-                        <h3>响应结果</h3>
-                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-response', this)">复制内容</button>
+                        <h3 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.responseResult">响应结果</h3>
+                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-response', this)" data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.copyContent">复制内容</button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="detail-code-card">
                         <pre id="detail-response" class="code-block"></pre>
@@ -1468,8 +1483,8 @@
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-section detail-success-wrapper" id="detail-success-section" style="display: none;">
                     <div class="detail-section-header">
-                        <h3>正确信息</h3>
-                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-success', this)">复制内容</button>
+                        <h3 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.correctInfo">正确信息</h3>
+                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-success', this)" data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.copyContent">复制内容</button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="detail-code-card">
                         <pre id="detail-success" class="code-block"></pre>
@@ -1477,8 +1492,8 @@
                 </div>
                 <div class="detail-section detail-error-wrapper" id="detail-error-section" style="display: none;">
                     <div class="detail-section-header">
-                        <h3>错误信息</h3>
-                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-error', this)">复制错误</button>
+                        <h3 data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.errorInfo">错误信息</h3>
+                        <button class="btn-ghost" type="button" onclick="copyDetailBlock('detail-error', this)" data-i18n="mcpDetailModal.copyError">复制错误</button>
                     </div>
                     <div class="detail-code-card">
                         <pre id="detail-error" class="code-block error"></pre>
@@ -1544,19 +1559,19 @@
     <div id="attack-chain-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content attack-chain-modal-content">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>攻击链可视化</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="attackChainModal.title">攻击链可视化</h2>
                 <div class="modal-header-actions">
-                    <button class="btn-primary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="regenerateAttackChain()" title="重新生成攻击链（包含最新对话内容）">
-                        🔄 重新生成
+                    <button class="btn-primary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="regenerateAttackChain()" data-i18n="attackChainModal.regenerateTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" data-i18n-skip-text="true" title="重新生成攻击链（包含最新对话内容）">
+                        🔄 <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.regenerate">重新生成</span>
                     </button>
-                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="exportAttackChain('png')" title="导出为PNG">
+                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="exportAttackChain('png')" data-i18n="attackChainModal.exportPng" data-i18n-attr="title" title="导出为PNG">
                         📥 PNG
                     </button>
-                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="exportAttackChain('svg')" title="导出为SVG">
+                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="exportAttackChain('svg')" data-i18n="attackChainModal.exportSvg" data-i18n-attr="title" title="导出为SVG">
                         📥 SVG
                     </button>
-                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="refreshAttackChain()" title="刷新当前攻击链（不重新生成）">
-                        ↻ 刷新
+                    <button class="btn-secondary attack-chain-action-btn" onclick="refreshAttackChain()" data-i18n="attackChainModal.refreshTitle" data-i18n-attr="title" title="刷新当前攻击链（不重新生成）">
+                        ↻ <span data-i18n="common.refresh">刷新</span>
                     </button>
                     <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeAttackChainModal()">&times;</span>
                 </div>
@@ -1569,73 +1584,73 @@
                                 <span id="attack-chain-stats">节点: 0 | 边: 0</span>
                             </div>
                             <div class="attack-chain-filters">
-                                <input type="text" id="attack-chain-search" placeholder="搜索节点..." 
+                                <input type="text" id="attack-chain-search" data-i18n="attackChainModal.searchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索节点..." 
                                        oninput="filterAttackChainNodes(this.value)">
                                 <select id="attack-chain-type-filter" 
                                         onchange="filterAttackChainByType(this.value)">
-                                    <option value="all">所有类型</option>
-                                    <option value="target">目标</option>
-                                    <option value="action">行动</option>
-                                    <option value="vulnerability">漏洞</option>
+                                    <option value="all" data-i18n="attackChainModal.allTypes">所有类型</option>
+                                    <option value="target" data-i18n="attackChainModal.target">目标</option>
+                                    <option value="action" data-i18n="attackChainModal.action">行动</option>
+                                    <option value="vulnerability" data-i18n="attackChainModal.vulnerability">漏洞</option>
                                 </select>
                                 <select id="attack-chain-risk-filter"
                                         onchange="filterAttackChainByRisk(this.value)">
-                                    <option value="all">所有风险</option>
-                                    <option value="high">高风险 (80-100)</option>
-                                    <option value="medium-high">中高风险 (60-79)</option>
-                                    <option value="medium">中风险 (40-59)</option>
-                                    <option value="low">低风险 (0-39)</option>
+                                    <option value="all" data-i18n="attackChainModal.allRisks">所有风险</option>
+                                    <option value="high" data-i18n="attackChainModal.highRisk">高风险 (80-100)</option>
+                                    <option value="medium-high" data-i18n="attackChainModal.mediumHighRisk">中高风险 (60-79)</option>
+                                    <option value="medium" data-i18n="attackChainModal.mediumRisk">中风险 (40-59)</option>
+                                    <option value="low" data-i18n="attackChainModal.lowRisk">低风险 (0-39)</option>
                                 </select>
-                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="resetAttackChainFilters()">
+                                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="resetAttackChainFilters()" data-i18n="attackChainModal.resetFilter">
                                     重置筛选
                                 </button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div id="attack-chain-container" class="attack-chain-container">
-                            <div class="loading-spinner">加载中...</div>
+                            <div class="loading-spinner" data-i18n="attackChainModal.loading">加载中...</div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="attack-chain-sidebar">
                         <div class="attack-chain-sidebar-content">
                             <div class="attack-chain-legend">
                                 <div class="legend-section">
-                                    <div class="legend-title">风险等级</div>
+                                    <div class="legend-title" data-i18n="attackChainModal.riskLevel">风险等级</div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-color" style="background: #ff4444;"></span>
-                                        <span>高风险 (80-100)</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.highRisk">高风险 (80-100)</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-color" style="background: #ff8800;"></span>
-                                        <span>中高风险 (60-79)</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.mediumHighRisk">中高风险 (60-79)</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-color" style="background: #ffbb00;"></span>
-                                        <span>中风险 (40-59)</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.mediumRisk">中风险 (40-59)</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-color" style="background: #88cc00;"></span>
-                                        <span>低风险 (0-39)</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.lowRisk">低风险 (0-39)</span>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="legend-section">
-                                    <div class="legend-title">连接线含义</div>
+                                    <div class="legend-title" data-i18n="attackChainModal.lineMeaning">连接线含义</div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-line" style="border-top: 2px solid #42a5f5;"></span>
-                                        <span>蓝色线：行动发现漏洞</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.blueLine">蓝色线：行动发现漏洞</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-line" style="border-top: 2px solid #e53935;"></span>
-                                        <span>红色线：使能/促成关系</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.redLine">红色线：使能/促成关系</span>
                                     </div>
                                     <div class="legend-item">
                                         <span class="legend-line" style="border-top: 2px solid #616161;"></span>
-                                        <span>灰色线：逻辑顺序</span>
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.grayLine">灰色线：逻辑顺序</span>
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
                                 <div id="attack-chain-details" class="legend-section attack-chain-details" style="display: none;">
                                     <div class="legend-title attack-chain-details-title">
-                                        <span>节点详情</span>
-                                        <button class="attack-chain-details-close" onclick="closeNodeDetails()" title="关闭详情">
+                                        <span data-i18n="attackChainModal.nodeDetails">节点详情</span>
+                                        <button class="attack-chain-details-close" onclick="closeNodeDetails()" data-i18n="attackChainModal.closeDetails" data-i18n-attr="title" title="关闭详情">
                                             <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                                                 <path d="M18 6L6 18M6 6l12 12" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                                             </svg>
@@ -1739,7 +1754,7 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                 <h2 id="batch-manage-title">管理对话记录·共<span id="batch-manage-count">0</span>条</h2>
                 <div class="batch-manage-header-actions">
                     <div class="batch-search-box">
-                        <input type="text" id="batch-search-input" placeholder="搜索历史记录" oninput="filterBatchConversations(this.value)" />
+                        <input type="text" id="batch-search-input" data-i18n="batchManageModal.searchPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="搜索历史记录" oninput="filterBatchConversations(this.value)" />
                         <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                             <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"/>
                             <path d="m21 21-4.35-4.35" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/>
@@ -1752,9 +1767,9 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                 <div class="batch-conversations-table">
                     <div class="batch-table-header">
                         <div class="batch-table-col-checkbox"></div>
-                        <div class="batch-table-col-name">对话名称</div>
-                        <div class="batch-table-col-time">最近一次对话时间</div>
-                        <div class="batch-table-col-action">操作</div>
+                        <div class="batch-table-col-name" data-i18n="batchManageModal.conversationName">对话名称</div>
+                        <div class="batch-table-col-time" data-i18n="batchManageModal.lastTime">最近一次对话时间</div>
+                        <div class="batch-table-col-action" data-i18n="batchManageModal.action">操作</div>
                     </div>
                     <div id="batch-conversations-list" class="batch-conversations-list"></div>
                 </div>
@@ -1762,11 +1777,11 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
             <div class="modal-footer batch-manage-footer">
                 <label class="select-all-checkbox">
                     <input type="checkbox" id="batch-select-all" onchange="toggleSelectAllBatch()" />
-                    <span>全选</span>
+                    <span data-i18n="batchManageModal.selectAll">全选</span>
                 </label>
                 <div class="batch-footer-actions">
-                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeBatchManageModal()">取消</button>
-                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="deleteSelectedConversations()">删除所选</button>
+                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeBatchManageModal()" data-i18n="common.cancel">取消</button>
+                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="deleteSelectedConversations()" data-i18n="batchManageModal.deleteSelected">删除所选</button>
                 </div>
             </div>
         </div>
@@ -1776,21 +1791,21 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="create-group-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content create-group-modal-content">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>创建分组</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="createGroupModal.title">创建分组</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeCreateGroupModal()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body create-group-body">
-                <p class="create-group-description">分组功能可将对话集中归类管理，让对话更加井然有序。</p>
+                <p class="create-group-description" data-i18n="createGroupModal.description">分组功能可将对话集中归类管理，让对话更加井然有序。</p>
                 <div class="create-group-input-wrapper">
-                    <button type="button" class="group-icon-input" id="create-group-icon-btn" onclick="toggleGroupIconPicker()" title="点击选择图标">📁</button>
-                    <input type="text" id="create-group-name-input" placeholder="请输入分组名称" />
+                    <button type="button" class="group-icon-input" id="create-group-icon-btn" onclick="toggleGroupIconPicker()" data-i18n="createGroupModal.selectIcon" data-i18n-attr="title" title="点击选择图标">📁</button>
+                    <input type="text" id="create-group-name-input" data-i18n="createGroupModal.groupNamePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="请输入分组名称" />
                     <!-- Emoji选择器面板 -->
                     <div id="group-icon-picker" class="group-icon-picker" style="display: none;">
                         <div class="icon-picker-header">
-                            <span>选择图标</span>
+                            <span data-i18n="createGroupModal.pickIcon">选择图标</span>
                             <div class="icon-picker-custom">
-                                <input type="text" id="custom-icon-input" class="custom-icon-input" placeholder="自定义" maxlength="2" />
-                                <button type="button" class="custom-icon-btn" onclick="applyCustomIcon()">确定</button>
+                                <input type="text" id="custom-icon-input" class="custom-icon-input" data-i18n="createGroupModal.customIcon" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="自定义" maxlength="2" />
+                                <button type="button" class="custom-icon-btn" onclick="applyCustomIcon()" data-i18n="createGroupModal.confirmIcon">确定</button>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div class="icon-picker-grid">
@@ -1822,15 +1837,15 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                     </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="create-group-suggestions">
-                    <div class="suggestion-tag" onclick="selectSuggestion('渗透测试')">渗透测试</div>
-                    <div class="suggestion-tag" onclick="selectSuggestion('CTF')">CTF</div>
-                    <div class="suggestion-tag" onclick="selectSuggestion('红队')">红队</div>
-                    <div class="suggestion-tag" onclick="selectSuggestion('漏洞挖掘')">漏洞挖掘</div>
+                    <div class="suggestion-tag" data-i18n="createGroupModal.suggestionPenetrationTest" onclick="selectSuggestionByKey('createGroupModal.suggestionPenetrationTest')">渗透测试</div>
+                    <div class="suggestion-tag" data-i18n="createGroupModal.suggestionCtf" onclick="selectSuggestionByKey('createGroupModal.suggestionCtf')">CTF</div>
+                    <div class="suggestion-tag" data-i18n="createGroupModal.suggestionRedTeam" onclick="selectSuggestionByKey('createGroupModal.suggestionRedTeam')">红队</div>
+                    <div class="suggestion-tag" data-i18n="createGroupModal.suggestionVulnerabilityMining" onclick="selectSuggestionByKey('createGroupModal.suggestionVulnerabilityMining')">漏洞挖掘</div>
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-footer">
-                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeCreateGroupModal()">取消</button>
-                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="createGroup(event)">创建</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeCreateGroupModal()" data-i18n="createGroupModal.cancel">取消</button>
+                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="createGroup(event)" data-i18n="createGroupModal.create">创建</button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -1841,7 +1856,7 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M10.5 13.5l3-3M8 8H5a4 4 0 1 0 0 8h3m8-8h3a4 4 0 0 1 0 8h-3" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>查看攻击链</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.viewAttackChain">查看攻击链</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-divider"></div>
         <div class="context-menu-item" onclick="renameConversation()">
@@ -1849,13 +1864,13 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                 <path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                 <path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>重命名</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.rename">重命名</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-item" onclick="pinConversation()">
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12 17v5M5 17h14l-1-7H6l-1 7zM9 10V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span id="pin-conversation-menu-text">置顶此对话</span>
+            <span id="pin-conversation-menu-text" data-i18n="contextMenu.pinConversation">置顶此对话</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-item" onclick="showBatchManageModal()">
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
@@ -1866,13 +1881,13 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                 <circle cx="8" cy="12" r="1" fill="currentColor"/>
                 <circle cx="8" cy="18" r="1" fill="currentColor"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>批量管理</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.batchManage">批量管理</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-item context-menu-item-has-submenu" onmouseenter="handleMoveToGroupSubmenuEnter()" onmouseleave="handleMoveToGroupSubmenuLeave(event)">
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M22 19a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5l2 3h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>移动到分组</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.moveToGroup">移动到分组</span>
             <svg class="submenu-arrow" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M9 18l6-6-6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
@@ -1883,7 +1898,7 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M3 6h18M8 6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2m3 0v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h14z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>删除此对话</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.deleteConversation">删除此对话</span>
         </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -1894,19 +1909,19 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
                 <path d="M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
                 <path d="M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>重命名</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.rename">重命名</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-item" onclick="pinGroupFromContext()">
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M12 17v5M5 17h14l-1-7H6l-1 7zM9 10V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span id="pin-group-menu-text">置顶此分组</span>
+            <span id="pin-group-menu-text" data-i18n="contextMenu.pinGroup">置顶此分组</span>
         </div>
         <div class="context-menu-item context-menu-item-danger" onclick="deleteGroupFromContext()">
             <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <path d="M3 6h18M8 6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2m3 0v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h14z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
             </svg>
-            <span>删除此分组</span>
+            <span data-i18n="contextMenu.deleteGroup">删除此分组</span>
         </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -1914,40 +1929,34 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="batch-import-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 800px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>新建任务</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="batchImportModal.title">新建任务</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeBatchImportModal()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="batch-queue-title">任务标题</label>
-                    <input type="text" id="batch-queue-title" placeholder="请输入任务标题（可选，用于标识和筛选）" />
-                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 4px;">
-                        为批量任务队列设置一个标题，方便后续查找和管理。
-                    </div>
+                    <label for="batch-queue-title" data-i18n="batchImportModal.queueTitle">任务标题</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="batch-queue-title" data-i18n="batchImportModal.queueTitlePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="请输入任务标题（可选，用于标识和筛选）" />
+                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 4px;" data-i18n="batchImportModal.queueTitleHint">为批量任务队列设置一个标题，方便后续查找和管理。</div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="batch-queue-role">角色</label>
+                    <label for="batch-queue-role" data-i18n="batchImportModal.role">角色</label>
                     <select id="batch-queue-role" style="width: 100%; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 0.875rem;">
-                        <option value="">默认</option>
+                        <option value="" data-i18n="batchImportModal.defaultRole">默认</option>
                     </select>
-                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 4px;">
-                        选择一个角色，所有任务将使用该角色的配置（提示词和工具）执行。
-                    </div>
+                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 4px;" data-i18n="batchImportModal.roleHint">选择一个角色，所有任务将使用该角色的配置（提示词和工具）执行。</div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="batch-tasks-input">任务列表（每行一个任务）<span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                    <textarea id="batch-tasks-input" rows="15" placeholder="请输入任务列表，每行一个任务，例如：&#10;扫描 192.168.1.1 的开放端口&#10;检查 https://example.com 是否存在SQL注入&#10;枚举 example.com 的子域名" style="font-family: 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.5;"></textarea>
-                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 8px;">
-                        <strong>提示：</strong>每行输入一个任务指令，系统将依次执行这些任务。空行会被自动忽略。
-                    </div>
+                    <label for="batch-tasks-input"><span data-i18n="batchImportModal.tasksList">任务列表（每行一个任务）</span><span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
+                    <textarea id="batch-tasks-input" rows="15" data-i18n="batchImportModal.tasksListPlaceholderExample" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="请输入任务列表，每行一个任务，例如：&#10;扫描 192.168.1.1 的开放端口&#10;检查 https://example.com 是否存在SQL注入&#10;枚举 example.com 的子域名" style="font-family: 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.5;"></textarea>
+                    <div class="form-hint" style="margin-top: 8px;" data-i18n="batchImportModal.tasksListHintFull">提示：每行输入一个任务指令，系统将依次执行这些任务。空行会被自动忽略。</div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
                     <div id="batch-import-stats" class="batch-import-stats"></div>
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-footer">
-                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeBatchImportModal()">取消</button>
-                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="createBatchQueue()">创建队列</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeBatchImportModal()" data-i18n="common.cancel">取消</button>
+                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="createBatchQueue()" data-i18n="batchImportModal.createQueue">创建队列</button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -1956,13 +1965,13 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="batch-queue-detail-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 900px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2 id="batch-queue-detail-title">批量任务队列详情</h2>
+                <h2 id="batch-queue-detail-title" data-i18n="batchQueueDetailModal.title">批量任务队列详情</h2>
                 <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                     <div class="modal-header-actions">
-                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" id="batch-queue-add-task-btn" onclick="showAddBatchTaskModal()" style="display: none;">添加任务</button>
-                        <button class="btn-primary btn-small" id="batch-queue-start-btn" onclick="startBatchQueue()" style="display: none;">开始执行</button>
-                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" id="batch-queue-pause-btn" onclick="pauseBatchQueue()" style="display: none;">暂停队列</button>
-                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger" id="batch-queue-delete-btn" onclick="deleteBatchQueue()" style="display: none;">删除队列</button>
+                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" id="batch-queue-add-task-btn" onclick="showAddBatchTaskModal()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="batchQueueDetailModal.addTask">添加任务</button>
+                        <button class="btn-primary btn-small" id="batch-queue-start-btn" onclick="startBatchQueue()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="batchQueueDetailModal.startExecute">开始执行</button>
+                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small" id="batch-queue-pause-btn" onclick="pauseBatchQueue()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="batchQueueDetailModal.pauseQueue">暂停队列</button>
+                        <button class="btn-secondary btn-small btn-danger" id="batch-queue-delete-btn" onclick="deleteBatchQueue()" style="display: none;" data-i18n="batchQueueDetailModal.deleteQueue">删除队列</button>
                     </div>
                     <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeBatchQueueDetailModal()">&times;</span>
                 </div>
@@ -1977,17 +1986,17 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="edit-batch-task-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 600px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>编辑任务</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="editBatchTaskModal.title">编辑任务</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeEditBatchTaskModal()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="edit-task-message">任务消息</label>
-                    <textarea id="edit-task-message" class="form-control" rows="5" placeholder="请输入任务消息"></textarea>
+                    <label for="edit-task-message" data-i18n="editBatchTaskModal.taskMessage">任务消息</label>
+                    <textarea id="edit-task-message" class="form-control" rows="5" data-i18n="editBatchTaskModal.taskMessagePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="请输入任务消息"></textarea>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-actions">
-                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveBatchTask()">保存</button>
-                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeEditBatchTaskModal()">取消</button>
+                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveBatchTask()" data-i18n="common.save">保存</button>
+                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeEditBatchTaskModal()" data-i18n="common.cancel">取消</button>
                 </div>
             </div>
         </div>
@@ -1997,17 +2006,17 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="add-batch-task-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 600px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2>添加任务</h2>
+                <h2 data-i18n="addBatchTaskModal.title">添加任务</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeAddBatchTaskModal()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="add-task-message">任务消息</label>
-                    <textarea id="add-task-message" class="form-control" rows="5" placeholder="请输入任务消息"></textarea>
+                    <label for="add-task-message" data-i18n="addBatchTaskModal.taskMessage">任务消息</label>
+                    <textarea id="add-task-message" class="form-control" rows="5" data-i18n="addBatchTaskModal.taskMessagePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="请输入任务消息"></textarea>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-actions">
-                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveAddBatchTask()">添加</button>
-                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeAddBatchTaskModal()">取消</button>
+                    <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveAddBatchTask()" data-i18n="addBatchTaskModal.add">添加</button>
+                    <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeAddBatchTaskModal()" data-i18n="common.cancel">取消</button>
                 </div>
             </div>
         </div>
@@ -2017,66 +2026,66 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
     <div id="vulnerability-modal" class="modal">
         <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 900px;">
             <div class="modal-header">
-                <h2 id="vulnerability-modal-title">添加漏洞</h2>
+                <h2 id="vulnerability-modal-title" data-i18n="vulnerability.addVuln">添加漏洞</h2>
                 <span class="modal-close" onclick="closeVulnerabilityModal()">&times;</span>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-conversation-id">会话ID <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-conversation-id" placeholder="输入会话ID" required />
+                    <label for="vulnerability-conversation-id"><span data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.conversationId">会话ID</span> <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
+                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-conversation-id" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.conversationIdPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="输入会话ID" required />
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-title">标题 <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
-                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-title" placeholder="漏洞标题" required />
+                    <label for="vulnerability-title"><span data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.title">标题</span> <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
+                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-title" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.titlePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="漏洞标题" required />
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-description">描述</label>
-                    <textarea id="vulnerability-description" rows="5" placeholder="漏洞详细描述"></textarea>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-description" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.description">描述</label>
+                    <textarea id="vulnerability-description" rows="5" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.descriptionPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="漏洞详细描述"></textarea>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-severity">严重程度 <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-severity"><span data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severity">严重程度</span> <span style="color: red;">*</span></label>
                     <select id="vulnerability-severity" required>
-                        <option value="">请选择</option>
-                        <option value="critical">严重</option>
-                        <option value="high">高危</option>
-                        <option value="medium">中危</option>
-                        <option value="low">低危</option>
-                        <option value="info">信息</option>
+                        <option value="" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.pleaseSelect">请选择</option>
+                        <option value="critical" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severityCritical">严重</option>
+                        <option value="high" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severityHigh">高危</option>
+                        <option value="medium" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severityMedium">中危</option>
+                        <option value="low" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severityLow">低危</option>
+                        <option value="info" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.severityInfo">信息</option>
                     </select>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-status">状态</label>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-status" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.status">状态</label>
                     <select id="vulnerability-status">
-                        <option value="open">待处理</option>
-                        <option value="confirmed">已确认</option>
-                        <option value="fixed">已修复</option>
-                        <option value="false_positive">误报</option>
+                        <option value="open" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.statusOpen">待处理</option>
+                        <option value="confirmed" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.statusConfirmed">已确认</option>
+                        <option value="fixed" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.statusFixed">已修复</option>
+                        <option value="false_positive" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.statusFalsePositive">误报</option>
                     </select>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-type">漏洞类型</label>
-                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-type" placeholder="如：SQL注入、XSS、CSRF等" />
+                    <label for="vulnerability-type" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.type">漏洞类型</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-type" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.typePlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="如：SQL注入、XSS、CSRF等" />
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-target">目标</label>
-                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-target" placeholder="受影响的目标（URL、IP地址等）" />
+                    <label for="vulnerability-target" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.target">目标</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="vulnerability-target" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.targetPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="受影响的目标（URL、IP地址等）" />
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-proof">证明（POC）</label>
-                    <textarea id="vulnerability-proof" rows="5" placeholder="漏洞证明，如请求/响应、截图等"></textarea>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-proof" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.proof">证明（POC）</label>
+                    <textarea id="vulnerability-proof" rows="5" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.proofPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="漏洞证明，如请求/响应、截图等"></textarea>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-impact">影响</label>
-                    <textarea id="vulnerability-impact" rows="3" placeholder="漏洞影响说明"></textarea>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-impact" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.impact">影响</label>
+                    <textarea id="vulnerability-impact" rows="3" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.impactPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="漏洞影响说明"></textarea>
                 </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="vulnerability-recommendation">修复建议</label>
-                    <textarea id="vulnerability-recommendation" rows="3" placeholder="修复建议"></textarea>
+                    <label for="vulnerability-recommendation" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.recommendation">修复建议</label>
+                    <textarea id="vulnerability-recommendation" rows="3" data-i18n="vulnerabilityModal.recommendationPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="修复建议"></textarea>
                 </div>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-footer">
-                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeVulnerabilityModal()">取消</button>
-                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveVulnerability()">保存</button>
+                <button class="btn-secondary" onclick="closeVulnerabilityModal()" data-i18n="common.cancel">取消</button>
+                <button class="btn-primary" onclick="saveVulnerability()" data-i18n="common.save">保存</button>
             </div>
         </div>
     </div>
@@ -2196,6 +2205,8 @@ version: 1.0.0<br>
         </div>
     </div>
 
+    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/i18next@23.11.5/i18next.min.js"></script>
+    <script src="/static/js/i18n.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/builtin-tools.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/auth.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/info-collect.js"></script>