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WEEKS/WEEK01/QUIZ01.md

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+# Week 1 Quiz: Embedded Systems Reverse Engineering Fundamentals
+
+## Instructions
+Choose the best answer for each question. There is only one correct answer per question.
+
+---
+
+## Questions
+
+### Question 1
+What is the primary characteristic that defines a microcontroller?
+
+A) It only processes data at high speeds  
+B) It's a tiny computer with processor, memory, and storage on a single chip  
+C) It requires an external power supply to function  
+D) It can only run assembly code, not C programs  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 1 – "What is a Microcontroller?"
+
+**Correct Answer: B**
+
+---
+
+### Question 2
+Which special register in the ARM Cortex-M33 is also known as the Link Register (LR)?
+
+A) r13  
+B) r15  
+C) r14  
+D) r12  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 2 – "The ARM Cortex-M33 Registers" (register table)
+
+**Correct Answer: C**
+
+---
+
+### Question 3
+In ARM systems, what happens to the Stack Pointer (SP) when you PUSH data onto the stack?
+
+A) The SP value increases because data is added  
+B) The SP value decreases because the stack grows downward  
+C) The SP value stays the same  
+D) The SP value doubles to accommodate more data  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 2 – "The Stack Pointer (r13 / SP)"
+
+**Correct Answer: B**
+
+---
+
+### Question 4
+What does XIP (Execute In Place) mean for the RP2350 microcontroller?
+
+A) The processor must copy all code to RAM before execution  
+B) The processor can run code directly from flash memory without copying to RAM first  
+C) The processor can only execute code in debug mode  
+D) The processor executes instructions in parallel  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 3 – "XIP - Execute In Place"
+
+**Correct Answer: B**
+
+---
+
+### Question 5
+At which memory address does program code start in flash memory for the RP2350?
+
+A) 0x00000000  
+B) 0x20000000  
+C) 0x10000000  
+D) 0xFFFFFFFF  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 3 – "XIP - Execute In Place" (Key Memory Address: 0x10000000)
+
+**Correct Answer: C**
+
+---
+
+### Question 6
+What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC) register?
+
+A) It counts how many times a program has run  
+B) It stores the total number of instructions executed  
+C) It points to the next instruction the processor will execute  
+D) It keeps track of how much time has elapsed  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 2 – "The Program Counter (r15 / PC)"
+
+**Correct Answer: C**
+
+---
+
+### Question 7
+Which GDB command is used to display the disassembled assembly code for the current function?
+
+A) `info assembly`  
+B) `show code`  
+C) `disas`  
+D) `list asm`  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 4 – "Disassembling with `disas`"
+
+**Correct Answer: C**
+
+---
+
+### Question 8
+Why do we start with ELF (.elf) files instead of stripped binary (.bin) files when learning reverse engineering?
+
+A) ELF files are smaller and faster to load  
+B) ELF files contain symbols like function names that make analysis easier  
+C) Binary files cannot be analyzed by Ghidra  
+D) ELF files run faster on the Pico 2  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 5 – "Why We Start with .elf Files"
+
+**Correct Answer: B**
+
+---
+
+### Question 9
+In the hello-world program, what assembly instruction creates the infinite loop?
+
+A) `push {r3, lr}`  
+B) `bl stdio_init_all`  
+C) `b.n` (branch to earlier instruction)  
+D) `ldr r0, [pc, #8]`  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 4 – "Disassembling with `disas`" (the `disas` output showing `b.n 0x1000023a`)
+
+**Correct Answer: C**
+
+---
+
+### Question 10
+What does the `stdio_init_all()` function do in the hello-world program?
+
+A) It compiles the code into assembly  
+B) It initializes standard I/O for USB CDC and UART communication  
+C) It creates an infinite loop  
+D) It loads the program into flash memory  
+
+> 📖 **Reference:** Week 1, Part 3.5 – "Initializing Standard I/O"
+
+**Correct Answer: B**
+
+---
+
+## Answer Key
+
+1. B - A microcontroller is a tiny computer with processor, memory, and storage on a single chip
+2. C - Register r14 is the Link Register (LR)
+3. B - The SP decreases because the stack grows downward in memory
+4. B - XIP allows the processor to run code directly from flash memory
+5. C - Program code starts at 0x10000000 in flash memory
+6. C - The PC points to the next instruction to be executed
+7. C - The `disas` command displays disassembled assembly code
+8. B - ELF files contain symbols that make learning and analysis easier
+9. C - The branch instruction `b.n` creates the infinite loop
+10. B - `stdio_init_all()` initializes standard I/O for USB and UART
+
+---
+
+## Scoring Guide
+
+- **10 correct**: Excellent! You have a strong grasp of Week 1 concepts
+- **8-9 correct**: Very good! Review the topics you missed
+- **6-7 correct**: Good start. Go back and review the key concepts
+- **5 or fewer**: Review the Week 1 material again and try the practice exercises
+
+---
+
+## Topics Covered
+
+This quiz tests your understanding of:
+- Microcontroller basics and the RP2350
+- ARM Cortex-M33 registers (general purpose and special registers)
+- Stack behavior and memory layout
+- XIP and memory addresses
+- GDB debugging commands
+- Assembly instructions and program flow
+- Static analysis with Ghidra and ELF files
+- The hello-world program structure