diff --git a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md index 352a89f..d0832cc 100644 --- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md +++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md @@ -26,46 +26,46 @@ An RP2350 blink driver written entirely in Assembler. * UPDATE DATE: October 25, 2025 */ -.syntax unified // use unified assembly syntax -.cpu cortex-m33 // target Cortex-M33 core -.thumb // use Thumb instruction set +.syntax unified // use unified assembly syntax +.cpu cortex-m33 // target Cortex-M33 core +.thumb // use Thumb instruction set /** * Memory addresses and constants. */ -.equ STACK_TOP, 0x20082000 // top of non-secure SRAM -.equ STACK_LIMIT, 0x2007A000 // stack limit (32 KB below top) -.equ XOSC_BASE, 0x40048000 // base address of XOSC -.equ XOSC_CTRL, XOSC_BASE + 0x00 // XOSC->CTRL -.equ XOSC_STATUS, XOSC_BASE + 0x04 // XOSC->STATUS -.equ XOSC_STARTUP, XOSC_BASE + 0x0C // XOSC->STARTUP -.equ PPB_BASE, 0xE0000000 // base address of PPB -.equ CPACR, PPB_BASE + 0x0ED88 // PPB_BASE->CPACR -.equ CLOCKS_BASE, 0x40010000 // base address of CLOCKS -.equ CLK_PERI_CTRL, CLOCKS_BASE + 0x48 // CLOCKS->CLK_PERI_CTRL -.equ RESETS_BASE, 0x40020000 // base address of RESETS -.equ RESETS_RESET, RESETS_BASE + 0x0 // RESETS->RESET -.equ RESETS_RESET_CLEAR, RESETS_BASE + 0x3000 // RESETS->RESET_CLEAR -.equ RESETS_RESET_DONE, RESETS_BASE + 0x8 // RESETS->RESET_DONE -.equ IO_BANK0_BASE, 0x40028000 // base address of IO_BANK0 -.equ IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET, 0x84 // IO_BANK0->GPIO16 offset -.equ PADS_BANK0_BASE, 0x40038000 // base address of PADS_BANK0 -.equ PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET, 0x44 // PADS_BANK0->GPIO16 offset +.equ STACK_TOP, 0x20082000 +.equ STACK_LIMIT, 0x2007A000 +.equ XOSC_BASE, 0x40048000 +.equ XOSC_CTRL, XOSC_BASE + 0x00 +.equ XOSC_STATUS, XOSC_BASE + 0x04 +.equ XOSC_STARTUP, XOSC_BASE + 0x0C +.equ PPB_BASE, 0xE0000000 +.equ CPACR, PPB_BASE + 0x0ED88 +.equ CLOCKS_BASE, 0x40010000 +.equ CLK_PERI_CTRL, CLOCKS_BASE + 0x48 +.equ RESETS_BASE, 0x40020000 +.equ RESETS_RESET, RESETS_BASE + 0x0 +.equ RESETS_RESET_CLEAR, RESETS_BASE + 0x3000 +.equ RESETS_RESET_DONE, RESETS_BASE + 0x8 +.equ IO_BANK0_BASE, 0x40028000 +.equ IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET, 0x84 +.equ PADS_BANK0_BASE, 0x40038000 +.equ PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET, 0x44 /** * Initialize the .vectors section. The .vectors section contains vector * table and Reset_Handler. */ -.section .vectors, "ax" // vector table section -.align 2 // align to 4-byte boundary +.section .vectors, "ax" // vector table section +.align 2 // align to 4-byte boundary /** * Vector table section. */ -.global _vectors // export _vectors symbol +.global _vectors // export _vectors symbol _vectors: - .word STACK_TOP // initial stack pointer - .word Reset_Handler + 1 // reset handler (Thumb bit set) + .word STACK_TOP // initial stack pointer + .word Reset_Handler + 1 // reset handler (Thumb bit set) /** * @brief Reset handler for RP2350. @@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ _vectors: * @param None * @retval None */ -.global Reset_Handler // export Reset_Handler symbol +.global Reset_Handler // export Reset_Handler symbol .type Reset_Handler, %function Reset_Handler: - BL Init_Stack // initialize MSP/PSP and limits - BL Init_XOSC // initialize external crystal oscillator - BL Enable_XOSC_Peri_Clock // enable XOSC peripheral clock - BL Init_Subsystem // initialize subsystems - BL Enable_Coprocessor // enable CP0 coprocessor - B main // branch to main loop + BL Init_Stack // initialize MSP/PSP and limits + BL Init_XOSC // initialize external crystal oscillator + BL Enable_XOSC_Peri_Clock // enable XOSC peripheral clock + BL Init_Subsystem // initialize subsystems + BL Enable_Coprocessor // enable CP0 coprocessor + B main // branch to main loop .size Reset_Handler, . - Reset_Handler /** @@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ Reset_Handler: */ .type Init_Stack, %function Init_Stack: - LDR R0, =STACK_TOP // load stack top - MSR PSP, R0 // set PSP - LDR R0, =STACK_LIMIT // load stack limit - MSR MSPLIM, R0 // set MSP limit - MSR PSPLIM, R0 // set PSP limit - LDR R0, =STACK_TOP // reload stack top - MSR MSP, R0 // set MSP - BX LR // return + LDR R0, =STACK_TOP // load stack top + MSR PSP, R0 // set PSP + LDR R0, =STACK_LIMIT // load stack limit + MSR MSPLIM, R0 // set MSP limit + MSR PSPLIM, R0 // set PSP limit + LDR R0, =STACK_TOP // reload stack top + MSR MSP, R0 // set MSP + BX LR // return /** * @brief Init XOSC and wait until it is ready. @@ -120,18 +120,18 @@ Init_Stack: */ .type Init_XOSC, %function Init_XOSC: - LDR R0, =XOSC_STARTUP // load XOSC_STARTUP address - LDR R1, =0x00C4 // set delay 50,000 cycles - STR R1, [R0] // store value into XOSC_STARTUP - LDR R0, =XOSC_CTRL // load XOSC_CTRL address - LDR R1, =0x00FABAA0 // set 1_15MHz, freq range, actual 14.5MHz - STR R1, [R0] // store value into XOSC_CTRL + LDR R0, =XOSC_STARTUP // load XOSC_STARTUP address + LDR R1, =0x00C4 // set delay 50,000 cycles + STR R1, [R0] // store value into XOSC_STARTUP + LDR R0, =XOSC_CTRL // load XOSC_CTRL address + LDR R1, =0x00FABAA0 // set 1_15MHz, freq range, actual 14.5MHz + STR R1, [R0] // store value into XOSC_CTRL .Init_XOSC_Wait: - LDR R0, =XOSC_STATUS // load XOSC_STATUS address - LDR R1, [R0] // read XOSC_STATUS value - TST R1, #(1<<31) // test STABLE bit - BEQ .Init_XOSC_Wait // wait until stable bit is set - BX LR // return + LDR R0, =XOSC_STATUS // load XOSC_STATUS address + LDR R1, [R0] // read XOSC_STATUS value + TST R1, #(1<<31) // test STABLE bit + BEQ .Init_XOSC_Wait // wait until stable bit is set + BX LR // return /** * @brief Enable XOSC peripheral clock. @@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ Init_XOSC: */ .type Enable_XOSC_Peri_Clock, %function Enable_XOSC_Peri_Clock: - LDR R0, =CLK_PERI_CTRL // load CLK_PERI_CTRL address - LDR R1, [R0] // read CLK_PERI_CTRL value - ORR R1, R1, #(1<<11) // set ENABLE bit - ORR R1, R1, #(4<<5) // set AUXSRC: XOSC_CLKSRC bit - STR R1, [R0] // store value into CLK_PERI_CTRL - BX LR // return + LDR R0, =CLK_PERI_CTRL // load CLK_PERI_CTRL address + LDR R1, [R0] // read CLK_PERI_CTRL value + ORR R1, R1, #(1<<11) // set ENABLE bit + ORR R1, R1, #(4<<5) // set AUXSRC: XOSC_CLKSRC bit + STR R1, [R0] // store value into CLK_PERI_CTRL + BX LR // return /** * @brief Init subsystem. @@ -161,16 +161,16 @@ Enable_XOSC_Peri_Clock: .type Init_Subsystem, %function Init_Subsystem: .GPIO_Subsystem_Reset: - LDR R0, =RESETS_RESET // load RESETS->RESET address - LDR R1, [R0] // read RESETS->RESET value - BIC R1, R1, #(1<<6) // clear IO_BANK0 bit - STR R1, [R0] // store value into RESETS->RESET address + LDR R0, =RESETS_RESET // load RESETS->RESET address + LDR R1, [R0] // read RESETS->RESET value + BIC R1, R1, #(1<<6) // clear IO_BANK0 bit + STR R1, [R0] // store value into RESETS->RESET address .GPIO_Subsystem_Reset_Wait: - LDR R0, =RESETS_RESET_DONE // load RESETS->RESET_DONE address - LDR R1, [R0] // read RESETS->RESET_DONE value - TST R1, #(1<<6) // test IO_BANK0 reset done - BEQ .GPIO_Subsystem_Reset_Wait // wait until done - BX LR // return + LDR R0, =RESETS_RESET_DONE // load RESETS->RESET_DONE address + LDR R1, [R0] // read RESETS->RESET_DONE value + TST R1, #(1<<6) // test IO_BANK0 reset done + BEQ .GPIO_Subsystem_Reset_Wait // wait until done + BX LR // return /** * @brief Enable coprocessor access. @@ -182,21 +182,21 @@ Init_Subsystem: */ .type Enable_Coprocessor , %function Enable_Coprocessor: - LDR R0, =CPACR // load CPACR address - LDR R1, [R0] // read CPACR value - ORR R1, R1, #(1<<1) // set CP0: Controls access priv coproc 0 bit - ORR R1, R1, #(1<<0) // set CP0: Controls access priv coproc 0 bit - STR R1, [R0] // store value into CPACR - DSB // data sync barrier - ISB // instruction sync barrier - BX LR // return + LDR R0, =CPACR // load CPACR address + LDR R1, [R0] // read CPACR value + ORR R1, R1, #(1<<1) // set CP0: Ctrl access priv coproc 0 bit + ORR R1, R1, #(1<<0) // set CP0: Ctrl access priv coproc 0 bit + STR R1, [R0] // store value into CPACR + DSB // data sync barrier + ISB // instruction sync barrier + BX LR // return /** * Initialize the .text section. * The .text section contains executable code. */ -.section .text // code section -.align 2 // align to 4-byte boundary +.section .text // code section +.align 2 // align to 4-byte boundary /** * @brief Main application entry point. @@ -206,29 +206,29 @@ Enable_Coprocessor: * @param None * @retval None */ -.global main // export main -.type main, %function // mark as function +.global main // export main +.type main, %function // mark as function main: .Push_Registers: - PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack + PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack .GPIO16_Config: - LDR R0, =PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET // load PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET - LDR R1, =IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET // load IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET - LDR R2, =16 // load GPIO number - BL GPIO_Config // call GPIO_Config + LDR R0, =PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET // load PADS_BANK0_GPIO16_OFFSET + LDR R1, =IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET // load IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL_OFFSET + LDR R2, =16 // load GPIO number + BL GPIO_Config // call GPIO_Config .Loop: - LDR R0, =16 // load GPIO number - BL GPIO_Set // call GPIO_Set - LDR R0, =500 // 500ms - BL Delay_MS // call Delay_MS - LDR R0, =16 // load GPIO number - BL GPIO_Clear // call GPIO_Clear - LDR R0, =500 // 500ms - BL Delay_MS // call Delay_MS - B .Loop // loop forever + LDR R0, =16 // load GPIO number + BL GPIO_Set // call GPIO_Set + LDR R0, =500 // 500ms + BL Delay_MS // call Delay_MS + LDR R0, =16 // load GPIO number + BL GPIO_Clear // call GPIO_Clear + LDR R0, =500 // 500ms + BL Delay_MS // call Delay_MS + B .Loop // loop forever .Pop_Registers: - POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack - BX LR // return to caller + POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack + BX LR // return to caller /** * @brief Configure GPIO. @@ -243,28 +243,28 @@ main: .type GPIO_Config, %function GPIO_Config: .GPIO_Config_Push_Registers: - PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack + PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack .GPIO_Config_Modify_Pad: - LDR R4, =PADS_BANK0_BASE // load PADS_BANK0_BASE address - ADD R4, R4, R0 // PADS_BANK0_BASE + PAD_OFFSET - LDR R5, [R4] // read PAD_OFFSET value - BIC R5, R5, #(1<<7) // clear OD bit - ORR R5, R5, #(1<<6) // set IE bit - BIC R5, R5, #(1<<8) // clear ISO bit - STR R5, [R4] // store value into PAD_OFFSET + LDR R4, =PADS_BANK0_BASE // load PADS_BANK0_BASE address + ADD R4, R4, R0 // PADS_BANK0_BASE + PAD_OFFSET + LDR R5, [R4] // read PAD_OFFSET value + BIC R5, R5, #(1<<7) // clear OD bit + ORR R5, R5, #(1<<6) // set IE bit + BIC R5, R5, #(1<<8) // clear ISO bit + STR R5, [R4] // store value into PAD_OFFSET .GPIO_Config_Modify_CTRL: - LDR R4, =IO_BANK0_BASE // load IO_BANK0 base - ADD R4, R4, R1 // IO_BANK0_BASE + CTRL_OFFSET - LDR R5, [R4] // read CTRL_OFFSET value - BIC R5, R5, #0x1F // clear FUNCSEL - ORR R5, R5, #0x05 // set FUNCSEL 0x05->SIO_0 - STR R5, [R4] // store value into CTRL_OFFSET + LDR R4, =IO_BANK0_BASE // load IO_BANK0 base + ADD R4, R4, R1 // IO_BANK0_BASE + CTRL_OFFSET + LDR R5, [R4] // read CTRL_OFFSET value + BIC R5, R5, #0x1F // clear FUNCSEL + ORR R5, R5, #0x05 // set FUNCSEL 0x05->SIO_0 + STR R5, [R4] // store value into CTRL_OFFSET .GPIO_Config_Enable_OE: - LDR R4, =1 // enable output - MCRR P0, #4, R2, R4, C4 // gpioc_bit_oe_put(GPIO, 1) + LDR R4, =1 // enable output + MCRR P0, #4, R2, R4, C4 // gpioc_bit_oe_put(GPIO, 1) .GPIO_Config_Pop_Registers: - POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack - BX LR // return + POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack + BX LR // return /** * @brief GPIO set. @@ -277,13 +277,13 @@ GPIO_Config: .type GPIO_Set, %function GPIO_Set: .GPIO_Set_Push_Registers: - PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack + PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack .GPIO_Set_Execute: - LDR R4, =1 // enable output - MCRR P0, #4, R0, R4, C0 // gpioc_bit_out_put(GPIO, 1) + LDR R4, =1 // enable output + MCRR P0, #4, R0, R4, C0 // gpioc_bit_out_put(GPIO, 1) .GPIO_Set_Pop_Registers: - POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack - BX LR // return + POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack + BX LR // return /** * @brief GPIO clear. @@ -296,13 +296,13 @@ GPIO_Set: .type GPIO_Clear, %function GPIO_Clear: .GPIO_Clear_Push_Registers: - PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack + PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack .GPIO_Clear_Execute: - LDR R4, =0 // disable output - MCRR P0, #4, R0, R4, C0 // gpioc_bit_out_put(GPIO, 1) + LDR R4, =0 // disable output + MCRR P0, #4, R0, R4, C0 // gpioc_bit_out_put(GPIO, 1) .GPIO_Clear_Pop_Registers: - POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack - BX LR // return + POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack + BX LR // return /** * @brief Delay_MS. @@ -316,37 +316,37 @@ GPIO_Clear: .type Delay_MS, %function Delay_MS: .Delay_MS_Push_Registers: - PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack + PUSH {R4-R12, LR} // push registers R4-R12, LR to the stack .Delay_MS_Check: - CMP R0, #0 // if MS is not valid, return - BLE .Delay_MS_Done // branch if less or equal to 0 + CMP R0, #0 // if MS is not valid, return + BLE .Delay_MS_Done // branch if less or equal to 0 .Delay_MS_Setup: - LDR R4, =3600 // loops per MS based on 14.5MHz clock - MUL R5, R0, R4 // MS * 3600 + LDR R4, =3600 // loops per MS based on 14.5MHz clock + MUL R5, R0, R4 // MS * 3600 .Delay_MS_Loop: - SUBS R5, R5, #1 // decrement counter - BNE .Delay_MS_Loop // branch until zero + SUBS R5, R5, #1 // decrement counter + BNE .Delay_MS_Loop // branch until zero .Delay_MS_Done: - POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack - BX LR // return + POP {R4-R12, LR} // pop registers R4-R12, LR from the stack + BX LR // return /** * Test data and constants. * The .rodata section is used for constants and static data. */ -.section .rodata // read-only data section +.section .rodata // read-only data section /** * Initialized global data. * The .data section is used for initialized global or static variables. */ -.section .data // data section +.section .data // data section /** * Uninitialized global data. * The .bss section is used for uninitialized global or static variables. */ -.section .bss // BSS section +.section .bss // BSS section ```