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Kevin Thomas
2026-07-19 09:26:57 -04:00
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WEEK05/WEEK05.md
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@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
# Week 5: Integers and Floats in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Integers and Floats w/ Intermediate GPIO Output Assembler Analysis
# Week 5: Integers and Floats in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Integers and Floats w/ Intermediate GPIO Output Assembler Analysis
---
**LEGAL DISCLAIMER:**
The information, tools, and code provided in this repository and course are strictly for educational, research, and defensive purposes only.
You are explicitly prohibited from using any materials contained herein to access, test, modify, or exploit any device, network, or system that you do not own 100% or for which you do not have explicit, documented, and legally binding authorization to interact with.
By using this repository and course, you acknowledge and agree that:
1. Any illegal, unauthorized, or malicious use of this information is solely your responsibility.
2. The author(s) and contributor(s) of this repository and course shall not be held liable for any damages, legal repercussions, criminal charges, or unauthorized actions resulting from the use, misuse, or abuse of the contents herein.
3. You will comply with all applicable local, state, national, and international laws regarding cybersecurity and computer fraud.
**IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THESE TERMS, DO NOT USE THIS REPOSITORY AND COURSE.**
---
## What You'll Learn This Week
@@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ Let's look at a simple program that uses a `float` variable:
int main(void) {
float fav_num = 42.5;
stdio_init_all();
while (true)
@@ -327,7 +341,7 @@ int main(void)
undefined4 extraout_r1;
undefined4 uVar2;
undefined4 extraout_r1_00;
FUN_10002f5c();
uVar1 = DAT_1000024c;
uVar2 = extraout_r1;
@@ -365,7 +379,7 @@ int main(void)
undefined4 extraout_r1;
undefined4 uVar2;
undefined4 extraout_r1_00;
stdio_init_all();
uVar1 = DAT_1000024c;
uVar2 = extraout_r1;
@@ -523,17 +537,17 @@ Look at the **Listing** window (assembly view). Find the main function:
```
*************************************************************
* FUNCTION
* FUNCTION
*************************************************************
int __stdcall main (void )
int r0:4 <RETURN>
main+1 XREF[1,1]: 1000018c (c) , 1000018a (*)
main+1 XREF[1,1]: 1000018c (c) , 1000018a (*)
main
10000234 38 b5 push {r3,r4,r5,lr}
10000236 02 f0 91 fe bl stdio_init_all bool stdio_init_all(void)
1000023a 00 24 movs r4,#0x0
1000023c 03 4d ldr r5,[DAT_1000024c ] = 40454000h
LAB_1000023e XREF[1]: 10000248 (j)
LAB_1000023e XREF[1]: 10000248 (j)
1000023e 22 46 mov r2,r4
10000240 2b 46 mov r3,r5
10000242 03 48 ldr r0=>s_fav_num:_%f_100034a8 ,[DAT_10000250 ] = "fav_num: %f\r\n"
@@ -542,9 +556,9 @@ Look at the **Listing** window (assembly view). Find the main function:
10000248 f9 e7 b LAB_1000023e
1000024a 00 ?? 00h
1000024b bf ?? BFh
DAT_1000024c XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
DAT_1000024c XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
1000024c 00 40 45 40 undefine 40454000h
DAT_10000250 XREF[1]: main:10000242 (R)
DAT_10000250 XREF[1]: main:10000242 (R)
10000250 a8 34 00 10 undefine 100034A8h * -> 100034a8
```
@@ -555,10 +569,10 @@ Look at the **Listing** window (assembly view). Find the main function:
In the Listing view, click on the data reference to find the format string:
```
s_fav_num:_%f_100034a8 XREF[1]: main:10000242 (*)
s_fav_num:_%f_100034a8 XREF[1]: main:10000242 (*)
100034a8 66 61 76 ds "fav_num: %f\r\n"
5f 6e 75
6d 3a 20
5f 6e 75
6d 3a 20
```
This confirms `printf` is called with the format string `"fav_num: %f\r\n"` and the double-precision value of `42.5`.
@@ -729,7 +743,7 @@ Let's look at a program that uses a `double` variable:
int main(void) {
double fav_num = 42.52525;
stdio_init_all();
while (true)
@@ -873,7 +887,7 @@ int main(void)
undefined4 extraout_r1;
undefined4 uVar3;
undefined4 extraout_r1_00;
uVar2 = DAT_10000258;
uVar1 = DAT_10000254;
FUN_10002f64();
@@ -913,7 +927,7 @@ int main(void)
undefined4 extraout_r1;
undefined4 uVar3;
undefined4 extraout_r1_00;
uVar2 = DAT_10000258;
uVar1 = DAT_10000254;
stdio_init_all();
@@ -1071,29 +1085,29 @@ Look at the **Listing** window (assembly view). Find the main function:
```
*************************************************************
* FUNCTION
* FUNCTION
*************************************************************
int __stdcall main (void )
int r0:4 <RETURN>
main+1 XREF[1,1]: 1000018c (c) , 1000018a (*)
main+1 XREF[1,1]: 1000018c (c) , 1000018a (*)
main
10000238 38 b5 push {r3,r4,r5,lr}
1000023a 06 a5 adr r5,[0x10000254 ]
1000023c d5 e9 00 45 ldrd r4,r5,[r5,#0x0 ]=>DAT_10000254 = 645A1CACh
= 4045433Bh
10000240 02 f0 90 fe bl stdio_init_all bool stdio_init_all(void)
LAB_10000244 XREF[1]: 1000024e (j)
LAB_10000244 XREF[1]: 1000024e (j)
10000244 22 46 mov r2,r4
10000246 2b 46 mov r3,r5
10000248 01 48 ldr r0=>s_fav_num:_%lf_100034b0 ,[DAT_10000250 ] = "fav_num: %lf\r\n"
= 100034B0h
1000024a 02 f0 53 ff bl printf int printf(char * format, ...)
1000024e f9 e7 b LAB_10000244
DAT_10000250 XREF[1]: main:10000248 (R)
DAT_10000250 XREF[1]: main:10000248 (R)
10000250 b0 34 00 10 undefine 100034B0h ? -> 100034b0
DAT_10000254 XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
DAT_10000254 XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
10000254 ac 1c 5a 64 undefine 645A1CACh
DAT_10000258 XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
DAT_10000258 XREF[1]: main:1000023c (R)
10000258 3b 43 45 40 undefine 4045433Bh
```
@@ -1104,10 +1118,10 @@ Look at the **Listing** window (assembly view). Find the main function:
In the Listing view, click on the data reference to find the format string:
```
s_fav_num:_%lf_100034b0 XREF[1]: main:10000248 (*)
s_fav_num:_%lf_100034b0 XREF[1]: main:10000248 (*)
100034b0 66 61 76 ds "fav_num: %lf\r\n"
5f 6e 75
6d 3a 20
5f 6e 75
6d 3a 20
```
This confirms `printf` is called with the format string `"fav_num: %lf\r\n"` and the double-precision value of `42.52525`.
@@ -1349,5 +1363,5 @@ The RP2350 GPIO coprocessor instructions:
**Remember:** Every binary you encounter in the real world can be analyzed and understood using these same techniques. Whether it's an integer, a float, or a double - it's all just bits waiting to be decoded. Practice makes perfect!
Happy hacking!
Happy hacking!