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docs/optimizer.md

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+# Bayesian Optimization in Security Fuzzing
+
+The fuzzer implements an optimization system using scikit-optimize (skopt) to minimize failure rates during security scans. This document explains the optimizer's implementation and behavior.
+
+## Overview
+
+The optimizer is used in both single-shot and many-shot scanning modes when the `optimize` parameter is True. It dynamically adjusts scan parameters to minimize failure rates while staying within budget constraints.
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+### Initialization
+
+The optimizer is initialized with:
+
+```python
+Optimizer(
+    [Real(0, 1)],  # Single parameter space (0 to 1)
+    base_estimator="GP",  # Gaussian Process estimator
+    n_initial_points=25  # Initial exploration points
+)
+```
+
+### Optimization Process
+
+1. **Parameter Space**: A single real-valued parameter between 0 and 1
+1. **Objective**: Minimize the failure rate (negative failure rate is maximized)
+1. **Update Mechanism**:
+   ```python
+   next_point = optimizer.ask()
+   optimizer.tell(next_point, -failure_rate)
+   ```
+1. **Early Stopping**: If best failure rate exceeds 50%:
+   ```python
+   if best_failure_rate > 0.5:
+       yield ScanResult.status_msg(
+           f"High failure rate detected ({best_failure_rate:.2%}). Stopping this module..."
+       )
+       break
+   ```
+
+## Usage in Scanning
+
+The optimizer is integrated into both scan types:
+
+### Single-shot Scan
+
+- Used in `perform_single_shot_scan()`
+- Optimizes failure rates across prompt modules
+- Considers token budget constraints
+
+### Many-shot Scan
+
+- Used in `perform_many_shot_scan()`
+- Handles more complex multi-step attacks
+- Maintains separate failure rate tracking
+
+## Key Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Description |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| base_estimator | Gaussian Process (GP) used for optimization |
+| n_initial_points | 25 initial exploration points |
+| Real(0, 1) | Single parameter space being optimized |
+| failure_rate | Current failure rate being minimized |
+
+## Optimization Flow
+
+1. Initialize optimizer with GP estimator
+1. Collect initial 25 data points
+1. For each prompt:
+   - Calculate current failure rate
+   - Update optimizer with new point
+   - Check for early stopping conditions
+1. Continue until scan completes or budget exhausted
+
+## Error Handling
+
+The optimizer is wrapped in try/except blocks to ensure scan failures don't crash the entire process. Any optimization errors are logged and the scan continues with default parameters.