From b5166d34f48f152e7fc8e217cd3ce46fe3765f68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Michael Roitzsch Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 16:12:03 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] internals: update for macOS 14.2 Sonoma --- internals.tsv | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/internals.tsv b/internals.tsv index 13157ee..4109ab3 100644 --- a/internals.tsv +++ b/internals.tsv @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ App Nap quiescence detection for applications and corresponding self-demotion in App Sandbox Seatbelt-based sandbox for apps; /System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles/application.sb; enabled with com.apple.security.app-sandbox entitlement; launchd service: com.apple.secinitd AppleCare extended warranty; NewDeviceOutreach.framework; launchd service: com.apple.ndoagent APT Adaptive Picture Timing? ProMotion; dynamic screen updates with 120Hz base frequency; AppleDisplayTCONControl.framework +Ask To parental-controlled user can ask parent for exceptions; launchd service: com.apple.asktod; AskToCore.framework ASL Apple System Logger, superseded by Unified Logging; /etc/asl; stored in /var/log/asl; launchd service: com.apple.syslogd; command line tool: syslog ASR Apple Software Restore; restore entire volumes from sources like disk images (HDI, SIU), also restores based on APFS snapshots and snapshot deltas; command line tool: asr Assertions power state management allowing applications to prevent sleeping; launchd service: com.apple.powerd; command line tools: caffeinate, pmset @@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ AWDL Apple Wireless Direct Link; secondary WiFi interface that runs in parallel Background Assets assets that an app extension loads without the app being launched; BackgroundAssets.framework; extension point: com.apple.background-asset-downloader-extension; launchd service: com.apple.backgroundassets.user Bezel on-screen overlays for hardware volume buttons, screen brightness, Bluetooth HID, and others; /Library/Application Support/Apple/BezelServices, launchd services: com.apple.loginwindow, com.apple.OSDUIHelper Bifrost emergency satellite connectivity; /System/Library/LocationBundles/Bifrost.bundle -Biome CloudKit-based datastream and sync engine; BiomeStreams.framework, BiomeSync.framework; launchd services: com.apple.BiomeAgent, com.apple.biomesyncd +Biome CloudKit-synced real-time event streaming and processing; widely used, primarily Avatars/People? Siri?; BiomeStreams.framework, BiomeSync.framework; launchd services: com.apple.BiomeAgent, com.apple.biomesyncd Blast Door sandboxed sanitization process for untrusted iMessage input; BlastDoor.framework BOM Bill of Materials; format to store contents of installer Packages; command line tool: lsbom Bonjour mDNS; launchd service: com.apple.mDNSResponder.reloaded; command line tool: dns-sd @@ -66,10 +67,11 @@ Bulletin Board application push notification management, aggregates local and re Cache Delete cleanup for various caches; /System/Library/CacheDelete; launchd service: com.apple.cache_delete (deleted) CAML Core Animation Markup Language; XML file format for layers, shapes and animations Carousel derivative of SpringBoard for Watch home screen, watch face, and notification center +CDM Continuous Dialog Manager; dialog with Siri; ContinuousDialogManagerService.framework, Marrs.framework; Celestial media streaming used by ReplayKit for game broadcasts; Celestial.framework Certificates validity checked using CRLs, OCSP stapling, and transparency logs; /System/Library/Security/Certificates.bundle; launchd services: com.apple.trustd, com.apple.trustd.agent, com.apple.ocspd; command line tool: crlrefresh Chamois Stage Manager -CHIP Connected Home over IP; Matter; integrated into HomeKit; CHIPPlugin.framework +CHIP Connected Home over IP; Matter; integrated into HomeKit; HomeKitMatter.framework Circle cryptographic primitive to exchange public keys of trusted devices of a user, signed by Circle peers; iCloud identity added as additional Circle peer, private key synced across all trusted devices, new devices can pull this key from Secure Backup to join the Circle; per-device Circles stored in CKKS for two-factor accounts (Octagon); KeychainCircle.framework; command line tools: otctl (Octagon) CKKS CloudKit Key Sync, end-to-end secure syncing for credentials, seeded by Circle; currently includes ApplePay, AutoUnlock, CreditCards, DevicePairing, Engram, Health, Home, Manatee, SOS, WiFi and other keys; launchd service: com.apple.secd; command line tool: ckksctl Clarity customizable accessibility mode for simplified UI; ClarityFoundation.framework @@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ CMAS Commerial Mobile Alert System, now known as Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) Commpage user-mapped kernel data, like vdso/vsyscall on Linux; mapped at 0x7fffffe00000 Communications Filter recipient blocking for iMessage, FaceTime, Mail; launchd service: com.apple.cmfsyncagent Companion iPhone that is paired with Watch; communication uses Alloy over IPsec over Bluetooth +Contact Key Verification code for manual verification of iMessage keys; code identifies a long-lived account key stored in iCloud Keychain, which signs all ESS device keys Continuity umbrella term for Handoff, Sidecar, SMS relay, Universal Clipboard, Watch unlock, WiFi call relay and others; SMS relay works by proxying to iMessage, other services use Alloy Control Center icons in menu/status bar and Bento Box controls UI, gradually replaces SystemUIServer on macOS; handles incoming AirPlay content; launchd services: com.apple.controlcenter, com.apple.SystemUIServer.agent CPML CorePrediction Machine Learning; CPMLBestShim.framework @@ -103,6 +106,7 @@ DFR Dynamic Function Row?, TouchBar; /System/Library/CoreServices/ControlStrip.a DFU Device Firmware Update; special boot mode where iOS has not booted and the system can be installed over the Lightning connection Differential Privacy crowdsourcing without user tracking; privacy budget for management of anonymity set; used for keyboard words, emoji, Spotlight searches, Parsec deep links, HealthKit usage, Safari telemetry; /System/Library/DifferentialPrivacy; stored in /var/db/DifferentialPrivacy; launchd service: com.apple.dprivacyd Digital Separation safety check feature to inhibit sharing relationships; DigitalSeparation.framework +DMC Device Management Client; part of MDM; DMCUtilities.framework DMC Disk Mount Conditioner; simulates slow IO devices; command line tool: dmc DND Do Not Disturb DSID Destination Signaling Identifier, unique ID for IDS login on a specific device @@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ Energy Impact unitless metric for per-application energy consumption, machine-sp Engram Messages in iCloud; devices store received iMessages in CloudKit; Engram.framework Entitlements capability-like attributes bound to executables by code signing; some entitlements like App Sandbox restrict ambient authority, some gradually relieve those restrictions (using Seatbelt), some services or system calls grant privilege based on caller entitlements ESS IDS user directory, public key distribution for iMessage and CloudKit sharing, uses Transparency; server: *.ess.apple.com; launchd service: com.apple.identityservicesd +Eye Relief screen distance warning for handheld devices; /Applications/EyeReliefUI.app FaceTime video calls, employs the ICE (establishing peer-to-peer connection), STUN (session credential exchange) and SRTP (encrypted media streaming) protocols; FTServices.framework; launchd services: com.apple.videoconference.camera (avconferenced) FairPlay DRM system used by app and media stores; CoreADI.framework, CoreFP.framework, CoreLSKD.framework; launchd services: com.apple.adid, com.apple.fairplayd (invoked by kernel through host special port 17), com.apple.lskdd; credentials stored in /var/db/fpsd Family Circle Family Sharing; launchd services: com.apple.familycircled, com.apple.askpermissiond @@ -123,16 +128,19 @@ FDR Factory Data/Device Reset? ensures that no downgrades are performed? servers Feldspar Apple News; Silex.framework FiDES Fi? Distributed Evaluation Service? aggregates Differential Privacy data for unlinkability? maybe private federated learning? used for emoji, Suggestions, Dictation; /System/Library/DistributedEvaluation; DistributedEvaluation.framework; server: fides-pol.apple.com File Provider infrastructure and extension system for syncing with cloud providers; placeholder files based on SF_DATALESS attribute in APFS; FileProvider.framework; locally stored in ~/Library/CloudStorage; command line tool: fileproviderctl -Find My … location sharing by explicitly querying devices remotely or collateral beacon detection using Search Party; FMCore.framework, FMF.framework; launchd service: com.apple.icloud.fmfd (find my friends) +Find My location sharing by explicitly querying devices remotely or collateral beacon detection using Search Party; FMCore.framework, FMF.framework; launchd service: com.apple.icloud.fmfd (find my friends) Firmlink bi-directional non-symbolic link between the read-only system volume and the data volume, additional symlinks and mountpoints in the root directory are virtually allocated; /usr/share/firmlinks, /etc/synthetic.conf Focus restriction modes for notification presentation; focus filters for in-app display restrictions, communicat by Intents; Focus.framework, DoNotDisturb.framework; local settings in ~/Library/DoNotDisturb FollowUp user interaction for Secure Backup wrapping with device passcode, CoreFollowUp.framework; launchd service: com.apple.followupd -FoundationDB fundamental iCloud storage database, marketed as CloudKit, separated into containers; records, blobs, and large asset storage with MMCS, server-side continuous queries can trigger push notifications, user management by IDS, sharing between users; PCS keys used for hierarchical zone, record, and asset encryption; CloudKitDaemon.framework; launchd service: com.apple.cloudd; locally stored in ~/Library/Caches/CloudKit, ~/Library/Containers/*/Data/CloudKit; command line tool: cktool +FoundationDB fundamental iCloud storage database, marketed as CloudKit, separated into containers; records, blobs, and large asset storage with MMCS, server-side continuous queries can trigger push notifications, user management by IDS, sharing between users by GroupKit; PCS keys used for hierarchical zone, record, and asset encryption; CloudKitDaemon.framework; launchd service: com.apple.cloudd; locally stored in ~/Library/Caches/CloudKit, ~/Library/Containers/*/Data/CloudKit; command line tool: cktool FPR Fast Permission Restrictions; Apple CPU registers to downgrade (old APRRs do bitmasking) or remap (SPRRs since M1) actual permissions of memory pages (the CTRR region) per thread; used for JIT protection and by AMFI to freeze user code after checking +FSKit user space file system support; kernel stub file system is /System/Library/Extensions/lifs.kext; file systems are in /System/Library/ExtensionKit/Extensions/com.apple.fskit.*; launchd service: com.apple.filesystems.fskitd; extension point: com.apple.fskit.fsmodule FUD Firmware Update Daemon; /var/db/fud; launchd service: com.apple.accessoryupdaterd +Game Mode auto-activates when games are shown full screen, throttles background work, lowers audio and input latency; launchd service: com.apple.gamepolicyd GID group ID key, shared across all devices of the same SoC generation, derived keys are used to prove device type over the network, only accessible by SEP Gizmo Apple Watch; watch settings managed by Companion; /Applications/Bridge.app, /System/Library/BridgeManifests Group Activities SharePlay; sharing of media content and programmatic state over FaceTime calls; GroupActivities.framework, CopresenceCore.framework; launchd service: com.apple.telephonyutilities.callservicesd +GroupKit groups of IDS users with shared CloudKit (PCS) access; GroupKit.framework GSS Generic Security Service; part of Kerberos; GSS.framework; launchd service: com.apple.gssd (invoked by kernel through host special port 19); command line tool: gsstool GXF Guarded Execution Feature/Fault, additional exception levels on Apple Silicon, lateral to the usual exception levels; page tables remain the same, but interpretation of permission bits changes by way of FPR, genter and gexit instructions; implements lightweight intra-address-space protection contexts HAP Home Automation Protocol; CoreHAP.framework @@ -142,14 +150,14 @@ HeadBoard derivative of SpringBoard for tvOS home screen; /Applications/HeadBoar HLS HTTP Live Streaming HSA Hardware Security Architecture; version 1 used for two-step verification, SOS with iCSC; version 2 for two-factor authentication, CKKS and Secure Backup with iCDP HSM Hardware Security Module; HSM fleet runs escrow service for Secure Backup -Hyperion iCloud Photos, uses CloudKit; launchd service: com.apple.cloudphotod; command line tool: cpldiagnose +Hyperion iCloud Photos, uses CloudKit; launchd service: com.apple.cloudphotod IAP iPod Accessory Protocol; IAP.framework iBoot boot loader stage after boot ROM or UEFI (macOS on Intel); intermediate Low-Level Bootloader (LLB); DFU mode is implemented here; /System/Library/CoreServices/boot.efi iCDP iCloud Data Protection, codename for a set of enhancements to iCloud privacy: device passcodes used as iCSC for Secure Backup, root keys for CKKS-enabled services only synced between devices and not stored at Apple; launchd service: com.apple.cdpd iCloud umbrella term for a conglomerate of services, consists of FoundationDB containers with PCS views for key management, supported by CKKS; uses IDS and APNS; some services under the iCloud name are actually served by AMS, IMAP, or DAV iCSC iCloud Security Code, credential wrapping for Secure Backup, previously used a separate code, with HSA2/iCDP uses device passcodes IDAM Inter-Device Audio and MIDI; audio connection between devices -IDS Identity Service, also IDMS, Apple ID identity management for all of Apple’s online services; APNS topics for signaling and messaging, see also Alloy, ESS, FaceTime, iMessage; authentication to services with Kerberos +IDS Identity Directory Service, also IDMS, Apple ID identity management for all of Apple’s online services; APNS topics for signaling and messaging, see also Alloy, ESS, FaceTime, iMessage; authentication to services with Kerberos IDV Identity Verification? Touch ID and Face ID; /System/Library/AccessibilityBundles/CoreIDVUI.axbundle IM Instant Messaging; usually means iMessage and FaceTime IMG4 boot files (Mach-O binaries or configuration data) with ASN.1 signature, contains RemotePolicy certificate constraints to restrict Boot Policy evaluation @@ -191,13 +199,14 @@ MDS Module Directory Services, ancient part of the old security APIs (CSDA, CSSM Memory Debugging uses Taskport; command line tools: heap, leaks, malloc_history, stringdups, vmmap Mesa Touch ID; /Library/Catacomb; /var/db/bkad.db Metadata Spotlight; file indexing on macOS; CoreServices.framework/Metadata.framework, CoreServices.framework/SearchKit.framework; stored in .Spotlight-V100; launchd service: com.apple.metadata.mds; command line tools: mddiagnose, mdfind, mdimport, mdls, mdutil; in addition to auto-indexing, apps can explicitly register searchable items; CoreSpotlight.framework; launchd service: com.apple.corespotlightd +MLHost background machine learning service; launchd service: com.apple.mlhostd; /System/Library/MLHost; DeepThought.framework, LighthouseBackground.framework, LighthouseBitacoraFramework.framework, MMCS MobileMe Chunk Storage, used by iCloud, splits blobs into chunks and stores them at Apple/AWS/GCP with convergent encryption (content hash as key); MMCS.framework Mobile prefix for iOS Mobile Assets demand-downloaded system components like fonts, dictionaries, linguistic data; stored in /System/Library/Assets; launchd services: com.apple.languageassetd (language-dependent assets), com.apple.mobileassetd; server: mesu.apple.com Mobile Device connectivity to iOS devices over USB or WiFi (AirTrafficHost) for syning, development, and debugging; MobileDevice.framework; launchd service: com.apple.usbmuxd; Bonjour service: _apple-mobdev2._tcp MOC Managed Object Context; Core Data object space Mondrian photo collage arrangement in Photos.app; Mondrian.framework -MRT Malware Removal Tool; /Library/Apple/System/Library/CoreServices/MRT.app +MRT Malware Removal Tool; /Library/Apple/System/Library/CoreServices/MRT.app; superseded by XProtect Multipeer Connectivity ad-hoc networking; Bonjour for discovery; WiFi, AWDL, Bluetooth, or Ethernet as transport; optional encryption and certificate-based authentication; MultipeerConnectivity.framework Nano prefix for watchOS Nearby Interaction proximity-based interaction between devices; proximity measured using ultra wideband or derived from other technologies; used for Universal Control; NearbyInteraction.framework, Proximity.framework; launchd service: com.apple.nearbyd @@ -219,23 +228,27 @@ PAC Pointer Authentication Codes; pointers signed in unused bits to prevent ROP Packages unit of software installation; command line tools: pkgutil, installer, softwareupdate; launchd services: com.apple.softwareupdated, com.apple.bootinstalld, com.apple.installd, com.apple.system_installd, com.apple.uninstalld; /var/db/softwareupdate, /Library/Apple/System/Library/Receipts (system), /System/Library/Receipts (read-only), /private/var/db/receipts (App Store) Packet Filter network traffic filtering subsystem from OpenBSD; command line tool: pfctl Parsec Spotlight web results and searching of crowdsourced User Activity deep links; server: *.smoot.apple.com; launchd services: com.apple.parsecd, com.apple.parsec-fbf (Feedback Flush to Differential Privacy) +Party Studio Karaoke mode on tvOS, where video from a paired phone is shown with effects; /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PartyStudio.* Passkey keypair used for authentication instead of password, synced via SOS, implements WebAuthn standard; keys can be used to login on separate device via QR code and Bluetooth proximity proof; AuthenticationServices.framework Password Breach monitoring of Keychain passwords against a breach database; round-robin matching in fixed-size batches, local match against common leaks, remote match using hash prefix; launchd service: com.apple.Safari.passwordbreachd Pasteboard storage for cut, copy, and paste; type of content remembered as UTI; launchd service: com.apple.pboard; command line tools: pbcopy, pbpaste PAT Private Access Tokens; blind challenge-response authentication; Apple server attests user validity to token issuer, issuer performs blind signature, websites receiving the token cannot identify user; used for Private Relay, can replace CAPTCHAs -PCS Protected Cloud Storage; key management for separate iCloud storage compartments (PCS calls them views), each can contain FoundationDB plus bulk data stored by MMCS; see also iCDP, CKKS, Manatee; ProtectedCloudStorage.framework; /System/Library/Preferences/ProtectedCloudStorage; command line tool: pcsstatus +PCS Protected Cloud Storage; key management for separate iCloud storage compartments (PCS calls them views), each can contain FoundationDB plus bulk data stored by MMCS; see also iCDP, CKKS, GroupKit, Manatee; ProtectedCloudStorage.framework; /System/Library/Preferences/ProtectedCloudStorage; command line tool: pcsstatus PCSC Personal Computer Smart Card; PCSC.framework, uses CTK PDE Print Dialog Extension; old name, not a proper Extension +PEC/PIR Private Encrypted Compute and Private Information Retrieval; used for parental controls for media and web; CipherML.framework; launchd service: com.apple.ciphermld Pegasus meaning 1: picture-in-picture video playback; Pegasus.framework (iOS), PIP.framework (macOS); meaning 2: online search query engine for visual lookup; PegasusKit.framework +People contacts with Apple ID accounts within Group Activities and Shared With You Pepper UI elements for Watch home screen and Chat, like Quickboard (canned replies), Animoji; PepperUICore.framework Persona separation of sub-user-identities, like when using a private and managed Apple account; PersonaKit.framework; ~/Library/Personas; /System/Library/UserManagement; command line tool: umtool PHASE Physical Audio Spatialization Engine; 3D sound rendering engine; Apple devices map audio sources (even mono and stereo) to virtual speakers in a 3D sound stage, which is simulated by the physical speakers via a head-related transfer function; PHASE.framework Piano Mover Mail Drop; bulk mail attachments transfered over PCS; not to be confused with storage for iMessage attachments, which uses a CloudKit container Plugin Extensions, XPC services bundled with apps or frameworks, discovery by Launch Services; launchd service: com.apple.pluginkit.pkd; command line tool: pluginkit PMP Port Mapping Protocol; Apple alternative to UPnP, Bonjour service: _acp-sync._tcp -Poster iPhone lock screen; PosterBoard.framework, PosterKit.framework +Poster iPhone lock screen; PosterBoard.framework, PosterKit.framework; /Library/Wallpaper PowerUI battery management like smart charge and power save, learns from Duet and other data; PowerUI.framework; /var/db/PowerUI; launchd service: com.apple.PowerUIAgent Preferences storage for user-configurable settings; launchd services: com.apple.cfprefsd.xpc.daemon, com.apple.cfprefsd.xpc.agent; stored in Library/Preferences, command line tool: defaults; interaction with Synced Defaults per /System/Library/DefaultsConfigurations +Preview Shell skeleton for on-device UI previews during development; /System/Library/CoreServices/PreviewShell.app; PreviewShellKit.framework, XOJIT.framework (code live patching) Private Relay two-hop onion routing with one entry and one exit node; Apple operates entry, third-party services operate exit nodes; QUIC for payload, ODoH for DNS, approximate IP geolocation via Waldo, authentication via PAT Proactive umbrella term for suggestions and completions based on Duet forecasting and User Activity context, also marketed as Siri features; PersonalizationPortrait.framework Provenance per-file origin tracking, extended attribute com.apple.provenance stores ID into /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/ExecPolicy @@ -254,6 +267,7 @@ Routine frequently visited locations on iOS, interacts with Duet; launchd servic RTC Real-time Telemetry and Crash reporting; RTCReporting.framework; launchd service: com.apple.rtcreportingd RTKit operating system used on Apple Silicon for firmware of co-processors RunningBoard runtime management of apps, paradigm: app as service process invoked by system, check-in by frameworks, handles process assertions (frontmost app, see App Nap), memory pressure (see Jetsam) and compute resources (GPU), replacement for TAL?; launchd service: com.apple.runningboardd; /System/Library/LifecyclePolicy, /System/Library/RunningBoard +Safety Monitor Check In; short-term location sharing in iMessage until a destination is reached; /Applications/SafetyMonitorApp.app SBPL Sandbox Profile Language; a TinyScheme-based embedded DSL for Seatbelt profiles SCIP System Coprocessor Integrity Protection; like KIP, but for SEP, ISP, Motion coprocessor Screen Reader VoiceOver and Braille; /System/Library/ScreenReader; ScreenReader.framework @@ -298,17 +312,18 @@ Symbols debug symbols for backtraces; CoreSymbolication.framework; launchd servi Symptoms network diagnostics; Symptoms.framework; /var/networkd/db/netusage.sqlite; launchd service: com.apple.symptomsd (invoked by kernel through host special port 27) Synced Defaults simple key-value store for applications, no user control over data; can use iCloud key-value backend (old) or Manatee container (new, marked as com.apple.kvs) as storage; launchd service: com.apple.syncdefaultsd; locally stored in ~/Library/SyncedPreferences System Configuration SystemConfiguration.framework; launchd service: com.apple.configd; command line tool: scutil -System Extension system-wide components formerly implemented as insecure plugins or kexts; current extension types: DriverKit, Network, Endpoint Security, Core Media IO; /System/DriverKit, /System/Library/DriverExtensions; command line tool: systemextensionsctl; launchd services: com.apple.sysextd, com.apple.nesessionmanager, com.apple.endpointsecurity.endpointsecurityd; command line tool: eslogger +System Extension system-wide components formerly implemented as insecure plugins or kexts; current extension types: DriverKit, FSKit, Network, Endpoint Security, Core Media IO; /System/DriverKit, /System/Library/DriverExtensions; command line tool: systemextensionsctl; launchd services: com.apple.sysextd, com.apple.nesessionmanager, com.apple.endpointsecurity.endpointsecurityd; command line tool: eslogger System Policy Gatekeeper; policy engine for application launches and kext loading, malware signatures from /Library/Apple/System/Library/CoreServices/XProtect.bundle; /var/db/SystemPolicy; launchd service: com.apple.security.syspolicy (invoked by kernel through host special port 29); command line tool: spctl Tailspin sampling of process stack traces; launchd service: com.apple.tailspind; command line tool: tailspin TAL Transparent App Lifecycle; process for macOS apps started and stopped independently of the user launching and quitting app; also handles session restore across reboots; ~/Library/Saved Application State; launchd service: com.apple.talagent Taskport Mach kernel concept for ptrace-like access to task internals; access policy implemented by daemon; launchd service: com.apple.taskgated (invoked by kernel through task special port 9); command line tool: DevToolsSecurity TCC Transparency, Consent, and Control; user control over app access to privacy-related services (kTCCService*); TCC.framework; launchd services: com.apple.tccd, com.apple.tccd.system; command line tool: tccutil; stored in /Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC, ~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC, /var/db/locationd (for kTCCServiceLocation) +Template App code-less app-bundle, passed to an actual executable by LauncServices; created when adding websites in Safari to Dock/Springboard; run by /System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/App/System/Library/CoreServices/Web App.app Time Machine automatic backup service, command line tools: tmdiagnose, tmutil -Tin Can Walkie Talkie on watchOS +Tin Can Walkie Talkie on watchOS; /Applications/TinCan.app Tones ringtones; ToneLibrary.framework Translocation app binary copied on launch to dedicated location; initiated by Launch Services for security (prevents path traversal for apps quarantined by System Policy) or path normalization (iOS apps do not expect to be moved, but can be moved on macOS) -Transparency key transparency for ESS keys? Transparency.framework; launchd service: com.apple.transparencyd; server: init-kt.apple.com +Transparency key transparency for ESS keys, based on CONIKS, devices audit IDS records against transparency logs, log hashes gossiped over iMessage to detect split-view attacks; Transparency.framework; launchd service: com.apple.transparencyd; server: init-kt.apple.com TSS Tatsu Signing Server; online verification for firmware signatures; server: gs.apple.com TTS Text To Speech, neural-network-based synthesis engine (Gryphon); command line tool: say; /System/Library/Speech, /System/Library/TTSPlugins TVML TV Markup Language; declarative UI language for TV apps; TVMLKit.framework @@ -325,9 +340,10 @@ Virtualisation running virtual machines on macOS; Hypervisor.framework (for basi VSDB volume status database; /var/db/volinfo.database; command line tool: vsdbutil Waldo selects edge servers based on approximate location, part of Private Relay, seen in NSP WFS WebDAV File Sharing; built-in file sharing with Apache; /etc/wfs; command line tool: wfsctl -Widgets content excerpt from apps; provided via a timeline of view hierarchies, configuration uses Intents; visible on home screen, lock screen, as live activities, as watch complications; WidgetKit.framework; extension point: com.apple.widgetkit-extension +Widgets content excerpt from apps; provided via a timeline of view hierarchies, configuration uses Intents; visible on home screen, lock screen, as live activities, as watch complications; WidgetKit.framework; extension point: com.apple.widgetkit-extension; launchd service: com.apple.chronod (timeline management and sync) Willow HomeKit; end-to-end-encrypted communication protocol and API for IoT-accessories; pairing with SRP using code printed on device, credential sync by CKKS, transported over Alloy, remote access using Apple TV as proxy; launchd service: com.apple.homed Window Manager implements Stage Manager; /System/Library/CoreServices/WindowManager.app Workflow Shortcuts; user-programmable system-wide automation, built-in triggers cause a chain of actions to run; actions are synthesized from User Activities and Intents provided by apps; WorkflowKit.framework, ActionKit.framework; locally stored in ~/Library/Shortcuts; launchd service: com.apple.siriactionsd (voice-triggered shortcuts); command line tool: shortcuts xART eXtended Anti-Replay Technology; persistent storage for SEP, used by Mesa; /System/Volumes/xarts; launchd service: com.apple.xartstorageremoted; command line tool: xartutil -XCS Xcode Server; continuous integration server; command line tools: xcscontrol, xcsdiagnose \ No newline at end of file +XCS Xcode Server; continuous integration server; command line tools: xcscontrol, xcsdiagnose +XProtect signature-based malware scanner and remediation service; /Library/Apple/System/Library/CoreServices/XProtect.bundle \ No newline at end of file