diff --git a/SKILL.md b/SKILL.md
index edd41954..70d576cd 100644
--- a/SKILL.md
+++ b/SKILL.md
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ Auto-shuts down after 30 min idle. State persists between calls (cookies, tabs,
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/benchmark/SKILL.md b/benchmark/SKILL.md
index efb0ae7d..b7d5a3b5 100644
--- a/benchmark/SKILL.md
+++ b/benchmark/SKILL.md
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ plan's living status.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/browse/SKILL.md b/browse/SKILL.md
index 47519f9b..c0bcb353 100644
--- a/browse/SKILL.md
+++ b/browse/SKILL.md
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ State persists between calls (cookies, tabs, login sessions).
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/canary/SKILL.md b/canary/SKILL.md
index 5a42ab11..d2535d8f 100644
--- a/canary/SKILL.md
+++ b/canary/SKILL.md
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ plan's living status.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/design-consultation/SKILL.md b/design-consultation/SKILL.md
index 4bb1b015..36d89123 100644
--- a/design-consultation/SKILL.md
+++ b/design-consultation/SKILL.md
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ If the codebase is empty and purpose is unclear, say: *"I don't have a clear pic
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/design-html/SKILL.md b/design-html/SKILL.md
index c9e75ba9..ea73c852 100644
--- a/design-html/SKILL.md
+++ b/design-html/SKILL.md
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ else a few taps away with an obvious path to get there.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/design-review/SKILL.md b/design-review/SKILL.md
index 19c7f752..f2c136f9 100644
--- a/design-review/SKILL.md
+++ b/design-review/SKILL.md
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ After the user chooses, execute their choice (commit or stash), then continue wi
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/devex-review/SKILL.md b/devex-review/SKILL.md
index e93a7866..8978872d 100644
--- a/devex-review/SKILL.md
+++ b/devex-review/SKILL.md
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ branch name wherever the instructions say "the base branch" or `<default>`.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md b/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md
index 99a820d1..81bb1228 100644
--- a/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md
+++ b/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Tell user: "Auto-upgrade enabled. Future updates will install automatically." Th
 
 **If "Not now":** Write snooze state with escalating backoff (first snooze = 24h, second = 48h, third+ = 1 week), then continue with the current skill. Do not mention the upgrade again.
 ```bash
-_SNOOZE_FILE=~/.gstack/update-snoozed
+_SNOOZE_FILE="$HOME/.gstack/update-snoozed"
 _REMOTE_VER="{new}"
 _CUR_LEVEL=0
 if [ -f "$_SNOOZE_FILE" ]; then
diff --git a/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md.tmpl b/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md.tmpl
index 19f3a0d5..5402a1da 100644
--- a/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md.tmpl
+++ b/gstack-upgrade/SKILL.md.tmpl
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Tell user: "Auto-upgrade enabled. Future updates will install automatically." Th
 
 **If "Not now":** Write snooze state with escalating backoff (first snooze = 24h, second = 48h, third+ = 1 week), then continue with the current skill. Do not mention the upgrade again.
 ```bash
-_SNOOZE_FILE=~/.gstack/update-snoozed
+_SNOOZE_FILE="$HOME/.gstack/update-snoozed"
 _REMOTE_VER="{new}"
 _CUR_LEVEL=0
 if [ -f "$_SNOOZE_FILE" ]; then
diff --git a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
index 4661fab7..5415179d 100644
--- a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
+++ b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ plan's living status.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/office-hours/SKILL.md b/office-hours/SKILL.md
index 50ad2740..0c31095f 100644
--- a/office-hours/SKILL.md
+++ b/office-hours/SKILL.md
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ plan's living status.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/open-gstack-browser/SKILL.md b/open-gstack-browser/SKILL.md
index 1f134137..0ec96ac5 100644
--- a/open-gstack-browser/SKILL.md
+++ b/open-gstack-browser/SKILL.md
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ anti-bot stealth, and custom branding. You see every action in real time.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/pair-agent/SKILL.md b/pair-agent/SKILL.md
index 5787693b..33403034 100644
--- a/pair-agent/SKILL.md
+++ b/pair-agent/SKILL.md
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ The skill will tell you if one is needed and how to set it up.
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/qa-only/SKILL.md b/qa-only/SKILL.md
index ec8a28d5..8e57eced 100644
--- a/qa-only/SKILL.md
+++ b/qa-only/SKILL.md
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ You are a QA engineer. Test web applications like a real user — click everythi
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/qa/SKILL.md b/qa/SKILL.md
index db9711fb..3a04bd78 100644
--- a/qa/SKILL.md
+++ b/qa/SKILL.md
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ After the user chooses, execute their choice (commit or stash), then continue wi
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/scripts/resolvers/browse.ts b/scripts/resolvers/browse.ts
index ef7e9485..a0ae37a7 100644
--- a/scripts/resolvers/browse.ts
+++ b/scripts/resolvers/browse.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export function generateBrowseSetup(ctx: TemplateContext): string {
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/${ctx.paths.localSkillRoot}/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/${ctx.paths.localSkillRoot}/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=${ctx.paths.browseDir}/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME${ctx.paths.browseDir.replace(/^~/, '')}/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else
diff --git a/setup-browser-cookies/SKILL.md b/setup-browser-cookies/SKILL.md
index 846b4377..5b228986 100644
--- a/setup-browser-cookies/SKILL.md
+++ b/setup-browser-cookies/SKILL.md
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ If `CDP_MODE=true`: tell the user "Not needed — you're connected to your real
 _ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
 B=""
 [ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
-[ -z "$B" ] && B=~/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse
+[ -z "$B" ] && B="$HOME/.claude/skills/gstack/browse/dist/browse"
 if [ -x "$B" ]; then
   echo "READY: $B"
 else