diff --git a/bin/gstack-evidence b/bin/gstack-evidence
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bff726a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/gstack-evidence
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bun
+/**
+ * gstack-evidence — verification-evidence ledger: the mechanical arm of /ship's
+ * IRON LAW ("no completion claims without fresh verification evidence").
+ *
+ *   gstack-evidence run --label <L> -- <cmd...>
+ *   gstack-evidence check [--label <L> [--expect-cmd <exact string>]]... | --all
+ *                         [--max-age <hours>] [--allow-paths <csv>]
+ *
+ * `run` is a TRANSPARENT wrapper: it streams the child's output through
+ * unchanged, tees it to a 0600 log (2MB cap with a truncation marker), and
+ * appends {ts, label, command, cmd_sha256, exit, duration_s, commit, tree,
+ * dirty, wtree, log_path} to ~/.gstack/projects/<slug>/<branch>-evidence.jsonl.
+ *
+ * TRANSPARENCY INVARIANT (load-bearing): the child's exit code is ALWAYS the
+ * wrapper's exit code. Every bookkeeping failure — ledger append, log dir,
+ * non-git context, redact scan — is a stderr warning, never a failure. The
+ * wrapper must never turn green tests red.
+ *
+ * Freshness binds to `wtree`, the working-tree content fingerprint from
+ * bin/gstack-wtree: evidence recorded on uncommitted code stays FRESH after
+ * the exact tested content is committed, and an untracked new source file
+ * invalidates it. `cmd_sha256` = sha256 of the exact command string, no
+ * normalization — the same convention as bin/gstack-verify-gate (which hashes
+ * for TRUST; this ledger hashes for FRESHNESS).
+ *
+ * MACHINE-LOCAL by design: neither the ledger nor the logs are brain-synced.
+ * A synced record citing an unsynced log would grade FRESH on a machine where
+ * the log doesn't exist.
+ *
+ * `check` is read-only and never throws into the calling skill flow: any git
+ * failure (gc'd stored tree, not a repo) degrades to STALE/MISSING. Call sites
+ * must name expected labels explicitly — `--all` checks only labels that exist
+ * in the ledger; it cannot prove that an expected lane ever ran.
+ */
+
+import { mkdirSync, openSync, writeSync, closeSync, readdirSync, statSync, unlinkSync, chmodSync } from "fs";
+import { join, dirname } from "path";
+import { spawnSync } from "child_process";
+import { appendJsonl, readJsonl } from "../lib/jsonl-store";
+import { resolveSlug } from "../lib/bin-context";
+import { scan, applyRedactions } from "../lib/redact-engine";
+
+const BIN_DIR = dirname(Bun.fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const LOG_MAX_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+const LOG_PRUNE_DAYS = 30;
+
+interface EvidenceRecord {
+  ts: string;
+  label: string;
+  command: string;
+  cmd_sha256: string;
+  exit: number;
+  duration_s: number;
+  commit?: string;
+  tree?: string;
+  dirty?: boolean;
+  wtree?: string;
+  log_path?: string;
+  redacted?: boolean;
+}
+
+function warn(msg: string): void {
+  console.error(`gstack-evidence: warning: ${msg}`);
+}
+
+function sha256(text: string): string {
+  const h = new Bun.CryptoHasher("sha256");
+  h.update(text);
+  return h.digest("hex");
+}
+
+function git(args: string[]): string | undefined {
+  try {
+    const r = spawnSync("git", args, { encoding: "utf-8", timeout: 15000 });
+    if (r.status !== 0) return undefined;
+    const out = (r.stdout || "").trim();
+    return out || undefined;
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+function currentWtree(): string | undefined {
+  try {
+    const r = spawnSync(join(BIN_DIR, "gstack-wtree"), { encoding: "utf-8", timeout: 30000 });
+    if (r.status !== 0) return undefined;
+    const out = (r.stdout || "").trim();
+    return /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/.test(out) ? out : undefined;
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+function ledgerPath(): { dir: string; file: string; logsDir: string } {
+  const home = process.env.GSTACK_HOME || join(process.env.HOME || "~", ".gstack");
+  const slug = resolveSlug(join(BIN_DIR, "gstack-slug"));
+  // Same branch→filename sanitization as reviews.jsonl (gstack-slug's BRANCH).
+  const slugOut = spawnSync(join(BIN_DIR, "gstack-slug"), { encoding: "utf-8" });
+  const bm = (slugOut.stdout || "").match(/^BRANCH=(.+)$/m);
+  const branch = bm ? bm[1].trim() : "no-branch";
+  const dir = join(home, "projects", slug);
+  return { dir, file: join(dir, `${branch}-evidence.jsonl`), logsDir: join(dir, "logs") };
+}
+
+/** Redact-engine pass over the command string. HIGH finding → store redacted. */
+function safeCommandForRecord(command: string): { command: string; redacted: boolean } {
+  try {
+    const { findings } = scan(command);
+    const high = findings.filter((f) => f.tier === "HIGH");
+    if (high.length === 0) return { command, redacted: false };
+    const redactedBody = applyRedactions(command, findings.map((f) => f.id)).body;
+    const still = scan(redactedBody).findings.some((f) => f.tier === "HIGH");
+    return { command: still ? "<redacted: HIGH credential in command>" : redactedBody, redacted: true };
+  } catch {
+    return { command, redacted: false };
+  }
+}
+
+/** Opportunistic prune of logs older than LOG_PRUNE_DAYS. Best-effort. */
+function pruneOldLogs(logsDir: string): void {
+  try {
+    const cutoff = Date.now() - LOG_PRUNE_DAYS * 24 * 3600 * 1000;
+    for (const name of readdirSync(logsDir)) {
+      const p = join(logsDir, name);
+      try {
+        if (statSync(p).mtimeMs < cutoff) unlinkSync(p);
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+/** Exclusive-open a collision-safe log file. Returns undefined on failure. */
+function openLog(logsDir: string, label: string, cmdSha: string): { fd: number; path: string } | undefined {
+  try {
+    mkdirSync(logsDir, { recursive: true });
+    pruneOldLogs(logsDir);
+    const ts = new Date().toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-");
+    const base = `${ts}-${label}-${process.pid}-${cmdSha.slice(0, 8)}`;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      const p = join(logsDir, i === 0 ? `${base}.log` : `${base}-${i}.log`);
+      try {
+        const fd = openSync(p, "ax", 0o600);
+        return { fd, path: p };
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    warn(`log setup failed (${e?.message ?? e}) — running unlogged`);
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+async function cmdRun(argv: string[]): Promise<number> {
+  let label = "default";
+  const li = argv.indexOf("--label");
+  const sep = argv.indexOf("--");
+  if (li >= 0 && li + 1 < argv.length && (sep < 0 || li < sep)) label = argv[li + 1];
+  if (sep < 0 || sep + 1 >= argv.length) {
+    console.error("usage: gstack-evidence run --label <L> -- <cmd...>");
+    return 2;
+  }
+  const cmdArgv = argv.slice(sep + 1);
+  // Compound/piped commands pass as ONE string via bash -c; a multi-token argv
+  // runs directly. The hashed command string is exact, no normalization.
+  const commandString = cmdArgv.length === 1 ? cmdArgv[0] : cmdArgv.join(" ");
+  const spawnArgv = cmdArgv.length === 1 ? ["bash", "-c", cmdArgv[0]] : cmdArgv;
+  const cmdSha = sha256(commandString);
+  label = label.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "_");
+
+  // Bookkeeping context — every piece is optional; failures only warn.
+  let paths: ReturnType<typeof ledgerPath> | undefined;
+  try {
+    paths = ledgerPath();
+    mkdirSync(paths.dir, { recursive: true });
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    warn(`ledger setup failed (${e?.message ?? e}) — result will not be recorded`);
+  }
+  const log = paths ? openLog(paths.logsDir, label, cmdSha) : undefined;
+
+  const started = Date.now();
+  let exitCode: number;
+  let proc: ReturnType<typeof Bun.spawn> | undefined;
+  try {
+    proc = Bun.spawn(spawnArgv, { stdin: "inherit", stdout: "pipe", stderr: "pipe" });
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    // Spawn failure (ENOENT on argv-direct form): record exit 127, propagate 127.
+    exitCode = 127;
+    warn(`spawn failed: ${e?.message ?? e}`);
+    record(paths, log?.path, label, commandString, cmdSha, exitCode, started);
+    return exitCode;
+  }
+
+  // Stream-tee: forward chunks as they arrive (never buffer — E2E logs are MBs).
+  let logBytes = 0;
+  let truncated = false;
+  const teeToLog = (chunk: Uint8Array) => {
+    if (!log || truncated) return;
+    try {
+      if (logBytes + chunk.byteLength > LOG_MAX_BYTES) {
+        const room = LOG_MAX_BYTES - logBytes;
+        if (room > 0) writeSync(log.fd, chunk.subarray(0, room));
+        writeSync(log.fd, Buffer.from("\n\n[gstack-evidence: log truncated at 2MB — output continued on console]\n"));
+        truncated = true;
+      } else {
+        writeSync(log.fd, chunk);
+        logBytes += chunk.byteLength;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      truncated = true; // stop teeing on any write failure; console stream continues
+    }
+  };
+  const pump = async (stream: ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | undefined, out: NodeJS.WriteStream) => {
+    if (!stream) return;
+    for await (const chunk of stream) {
+      out.write(chunk);
+      teeToLog(chunk);
+    }
+  };
+  try {
+    await Promise.all([pump(proc.stdout as any, process.stdout), pump(proc.stderr as any, process.stderr)]);
+    exitCode = await proc.exited;
+    if (exitCode === null || exitCode === undefined) exitCode = 1;
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    warn(`stream error: ${e?.message ?? e}`);
+    try {
+      exitCode = await proc.exited;
+    } catch {
+      exitCode = 1;
+    }
+  } finally {
+    if (log) {
+      try {
+        closeSync(log.fd);
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  }
+
+  record(paths, log?.path, label, commandString, cmdSha, exitCode, started);
+  return exitCode;
+}
+
+function record(
+  paths: { dir: string; file: string } | undefined,
+  logPath: string | undefined,
+  label: string,
+  commandString: string,
+  cmdSha: string,
+  exitCode: number,
+  startedMs: number,
+): void {
+  if (!paths) return;
+  try {
+    const { command, redacted } = safeCommandForRecord(commandString);
+    const rec: EvidenceRecord = {
+      ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+      label,
+      command,
+      cmd_sha256: cmdSha,
+      exit: exitCode,
+      duration_s: Math.round((Date.now() - startedMs) / 100) / 10,
+    };
+    if (redacted) rec.redacted = true;
+    const commit = git(["rev-parse", "HEAD"]);
+    if (commit) {
+      rec.commit = commit;
+      rec.tree = git(["rev-parse", "HEAD^{tree}"]);
+      rec.dirty = (git(["status", "--porcelain", "-uno"]) ?? "") !== "";
+      rec.wtree = currentWtree();
+    }
+    if (logPath) rec.log_path = logPath;
+    appendJsonl(paths.file, rec, { mode: 0o600 });
+    try {
+      chmodSync(paths.file, 0o600);
+    } catch {}
+    // Summary line on stderr so calling agents get the exit + log path even
+    // when the lane ran backgrounded. Never on stdout (stays transparent).
+    console.error(`gstack-evidence: recorded label=${label} exit=${exitCode} log=${logPath ?? "-"}`);
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    warn(`ledger append failed (${e?.message ?? e}) — the command result stands`);
+  }
+}
+
+function cmdCheck(argv: string[]): number {
+  // Parse: repeated --label, each optionally followed (anywhere later) by its
+  // own --expect-cmd; pairing is positional — an --expect-cmd binds to the most
+  // recent --label before it.
+  const wanted: { label: string; expectCmd?: string }[] = [];
+  let all = false;
+  let maxAgeHours: number | undefined;
+  let allowPaths: string[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i];
+    if (a === "--label") wanted.push({ label: argv[++i] ?? "" });
+    else if (a === "--expect-cmd") {
+      if (wanted.length === 0) {
+        console.error("gstack-evidence: --expect-cmd requires a preceding --label");
+        return 2;
+      }
+      wanted[wanted.length - 1].expectCmd = argv[++i] ?? "";
+    } else if (a === "--all") all = true;
+    else if (a === "--max-age") maxAgeHours = Number(argv[++i]);
+    else if (a === "--allow-paths") allowPaths = (argv[++i] ?? "").split(",").map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+  }
+  if (!all && wanted.length === 0) {
+    console.error("usage: gstack-evidence check [--label <L> [--expect-cmd <s>]]... | --all  [--max-age <hrs>] [--allow-paths <csv>]");
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  let records: EvidenceRecord[] = [];
+  try {
+    records = readJsonl<EvidenceRecord>(ledgerPath().file);
+  } catch {
+    records = [];
+  }
+
+  const labels = all
+    ? [...new Set(records.map((r) => r.label))].map((label) => ({ label, expectCmd: undefined as string | undefined }))
+    : wanted;
+  if (all && labels.length === 0) {
+    console.log("EVIDENCE: MISSING (ledger empty — no labels recorded)");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  const wtreeNow = currentWtree();
+  let allFresh = true;
+  for (const { label, expectCmd } of labels) {
+    const latest = [...records].reverse().find((r) => r.label === label);
+    if (!latest) {
+      console.log(`EVIDENCE: MISSING label=${label}`);
+      allFresh = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const detail = `label=${label} exit=${latest.exit} ts=${latest.ts}${latest.log_path ? ` log=${latest.log_path}` : ""}`;
+    let verdict: "FRESH" | "STALE" = "FRESH";
+    let reason = "";
+    if (latest.exit !== 0) {
+      verdict = "STALE";
+      reason = "recorded run failed";
+    } else if (maxAgeHours !== undefined && Number.isFinite(maxAgeHours)) {
+      const ageMs = Date.now() - Date.parse(latest.ts);
+      if (!(ageMs >= 0 && ageMs <= maxAgeHours * 3600 * 1000)) {
+        verdict = "STALE";
+        reason = `older than ${maxAgeHours}h`;
+      }
+    }
+    if (verdict === "FRESH" && expectCmd !== undefined && sha256(expectCmd) !== latest.cmd_sha256) {
+      verdict = "STALE";
+      reason = "command changed (cmd_sha256 mismatch)";
+    }
+    if (verdict === "FRESH") {
+      // Content binding: identical working-tree fingerprint, or a diff confined
+      // to the allow-list. Any git failure (gc'd tree, not a repo) → STALE —
+      // never an error into the calling flow.
+      if (!latest.wtree || !wtreeNow) {
+        verdict = "STALE";
+        reason = !latest.wtree ? "record has no content fingerprint" : "current fingerprint unavailable";
+      } else if (latest.wtree !== wtreeNow) {
+        const diff = git(["diff", "--name-only", latest.wtree, wtreeNow]);
+        if (diff === undefined) {
+          verdict = "STALE";
+          reason = "content changed (fingerprint diff unavailable)";
+        } else {
+          const changed = diff.split("\n").map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+          const outside = changed.filter((f) => !allowPaths.some((a) => f === a || f.startsWith(a.replace(/\/$/, "") + "/")));
+          if (changed.length === 0 || outside.length === 0) {
+            reason = changed.length ? `diff confined to allow-paths (${changed.length} file(s))` : "";
+          } else {
+            verdict = "STALE";
+            reason = `content changed: ${outside.slice(0, 5).join(", ")}${outside.length > 5 ? ", ..." : ""}`;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    console.log(`EVIDENCE: ${verdict} ${detail}${reason ? ` reason=${reason}` : ""}`);
+    if (verdict !== "FRESH") allFresh = false;
+  }
+  return allFresh ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+const [, , sub, ...rest] = process.argv;
+try {
+  if (sub === "run") {
+    process.exit(await cmdRun(rest));
+  } else if (sub === "check") {
+    process.exit(cmdCheck(rest));
+  } else {
+    console.error("usage: gstack-evidence run|check ...");
+    process.exit(2);
+  }
+} catch (e: any) {
+  // Never let the wrapper's own failure look like a command failure in a way
+  // that breaks a skill flow: `run` propagates the child's code from inside
+  // cmdRun; reaching here means bookkeeping blew up outside it.
+  warn(`unexpected error: ${e?.message ?? e}`);
+  process.exit(sub === "check" ? 1 : 1);
+}
diff --git a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
index 444c07261..f4ac5b4ee 100644
--- a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
+++ b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md
@@ -1369,16 +1369,29 @@ and tell the user: "I found and fixed a few issues during the review. The fixes
 
 ### 3.5b: Test results
 
-**Free tests — run them now:**
+**Free tests — cite fresh evidence or run them now:**
 
-Read CLAUDE.md to find the project's test command. If not specified, use `bun test`.
-Run the test command and capture the exit code and output.
+Check the evidence ledger first:
 
 ```bash
-bun test 2>&1 | tail -10
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence check --label tests --max-age 24
 ```
 
-If tests fail: **BLOCKER.** Cannot merge with failing tests.
+If it prints FRESH (exit 0), a green run is on record for THIS exact
+working-tree content (fingerprint-bound, so a rebase or an identical-content
+commit doesn't invalidate it) — cite the evidence line (exit, ts, log path)
+instead of re-running.
+
+Otherwise (STALE/MISSING, or you want a live run anyway): read CLAUDE.md to
+find the project's test command (default `bun test`) and run it wrapped, so
+the fresh result is recorded:
+
+```bash
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label tests -- 'bun test 2>&1'
+```
+
+If tests fail: **BLOCKER.** Cannot merge with failing tests. (A failed evidence
+CHECK is never a blocker — it just means run live; a failed RUN is.)
 
 **E2E tests — check recent results:**
 
diff --git a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md.tmpl b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md.tmpl
index 6a3f479ab..819b44247 100644
--- a/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md.tmpl
+++ b/land-and-deploy/SKILL.md.tmpl
@@ -465,16 +465,29 @@ and tell the user: "I found and fixed a few issues during the review. The fixes
 
 ### 3.5b: Test results
 
-**Free tests — run them now:**
+**Free tests — cite fresh evidence or run them now:**
 
-Read CLAUDE.md to find the project's test command. If not specified, use `bun test`.
-Run the test command and capture the exit code and output.
+Check the evidence ledger first:
 
 ```bash
-bun test 2>&1 | tail -10
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence check --label tests --max-age 24
 ```
 
-If tests fail: **BLOCKER.** Cannot merge with failing tests.
+If it prints FRESH (exit 0), a green run is on record for THIS exact
+working-tree content (fingerprint-bound, so a rebase or an identical-content
+commit doesn't invalidate it) — cite the evidence line (exit, ts, log path)
+instead of re-running.
+
+Otherwise (STALE/MISSING, or you want a live run anyway): read CLAUDE.md to
+find the project's test command (default `bun test`) and run it wrapped, so
+the fresh result is recorded:
+
+```bash
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label tests -- 'bun test 2>&1'
+```
+
+If tests fail: **BLOCKER.** Cannot merge with failing tests. (A failed evidence
+CHECK is never a blocker — it just means run live; a failed RUN is.)
 
 **E2E tests — check recent results:**
 
diff --git a/ship/SKILL.md b/ship/SKILL.md
index 94d4c714f..208cbddc9 100644
--- a/ship/SKILL.md
+++ b/ship/SKILL.md
@@ -1280,9 +1280,24 @@ EOF
 
 **IRON LAW: NO COMPLETION CLAIMS WITHOUT FRESH VERIFICATION EVIDENCE.**
 
+The evidence ledger is the mechanical arm of this law. Check it FIRST:
+
+```bash
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence check --label tests --label vitest --max-age 24 --allow-paths CHANGELOG.md,VERSION,package.json
+```
+
+- **Every line FRESH (exit 0):** the recorded runs were green and the working-tree
+  content is identical to what was tested, modulo the allow-listed release files
+  (this mechanizes the "CHANGELOG edits don't count" rule — VERSION/CHANGELOG
+  commits between Step 5 and here don't invalidate the run). Cite the evidence
+  lines (label, exit, ts, log path) as the verification evidence and continue.
+- **Any STALE/MISSING (exit non-zero):** run live, wrapped, so the fresh run is
+  recorded: `~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label <lane> -- '<command>'`.
+  The check is an advisory guardrail — a failed CHECK never blocks; a failed RUN does.
+
 Before pushing, re-verify if code changed during Steps 4-6:
 
-1. **Test verification:** If ANY code changed after Step 5's test run (fixes from review findings, CHANGELOG edits don't count), re-run the test suite. Paste fresh output. Stale output from Step 5 is NOT acceptable.
+1. **Test verification:** If ANY code changed after Step 5's test run (fixes from review findings, CHANGELOG edits don't count), re-run the test suite. The evidence check above IS this rule, mechanized — trust FRESH, re-run on STALE. Paste fresh output when you re-run. Stale output from Step 5 with changed content is NOT acceptable.
 
 2. **Build verification:** If the project has a build step, run it. Paste output.
 
diff --git a/ship/SKILL.md.tmpl b/ship/SKILL.md.tmpl
index a01296688..4b2f459e4 100644
--- a/ship/SKILL.md.tmpl
+++ b/ship/SKILL.md.tmpl
@@ -375,9 +375,24 @@ EOF
 
 **IRON LAW: NO COMPLETION CLAIMS WITHOUT FRESH VERIFICATION EVIDENCE.**
 
+The evidence ledger is the mechanical arm of this law. Check it FIRST:
+
+```bash
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence check --label tests --label vitest --max-age 24 --allow-paths CHANGELOG.md,VERSION,package.json
+```
+
+- **Every line FRESH (exit 0):** the recorded runs were green and the working-tree
+  content is identical to what was tested, modulo the allow-listed release files
+  (this mechanizes the "CHANGELOG edits don't count" rule — VERSION/CHANGELOG
+  commits between Step 5 and here don't invalidate the run). Cite the evidence
+  lines (label, exit, ts, log path) as the verification evidence and continue.
+- **Any STALE/MISSING (exit non-zero):** run live, wrapped, so the fresh run is
+  recorded: `~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label <lane> -- '<command>'`.
+  The check is an advisory guardrail — a failed CHECK never blocks; a failed RUN does.
+
 Before pushing, re-verify if code changed during Steps 4-6:
 
-1. **Test verification:** If ANY code changed after Step 5's test run (fixes from review findings, CHANGELOG edits don't count), re-run the test suite. Paste fresh output. Stale output from Step 5 is NOT acceptable.
+1. **Test verification:** If ANY code changed after Step 5's test run (fixes from review findings, CHANGELOG edits don't count), re-run the test suite. The evidence check above IS this rule, mechanized — trust FRESH, re-run on STALE. Paste fresh output when you re-run. Stale output from Step 5 with changed content is NOT acceptable.
 
 2. **Build verification:** If the project has a build step, run it. Paste output.
 
diff --git a/ship/sections/tests.md b/ship/sections/tests.md
index 2b93deab1..2ae1f2352 100644
--- a/ship/sections/tests.md
+++ b/ship/sections/tests.md
@@ -195,15 +195,22 @@ Only commit if there are changes. Stage all bootstrap files (config, test direct
 `db:test:prepare` internally, which loads the schema into the correct lane database.
 Running bare test migrations without INSTANCE hits an orphan DB and corrupts structure.sql.
 
-Run both test suites in parallel:
+Run both test suites in parallel, each wrapped in the evidence ledger. The
+wrapper is transparent (streams output live, exit code passes through) and
+records `{command, exit, working-tree fingerprint, log path}` to
+`~/.gstack/projects/<slug>/<branch>-evidence.jsonl` — Step 16 cites this
+record instead of re-running when the content hasn't changed:
 
 ```bash
-bin/test-lane 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ship_tests.txt &
-npm run test 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ship_vitest.txt &
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label tests -- 'bin/test-lane 2>&1' &
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label vitest -- 'npm run test 2>&1' &
 wait
 ```
 
-After both complete, read the output files and check pass/fail.
+After both complete, check the `gstack-evidence: recorded label=... exit=...
+log=...` summary lines — each carries the lane's exit code and a per-run log
+file (no shared /tmp collisions between concurrent ships). Read the log files
+for failure detail.
 
 **If any test fails:** Do NOT immediately stop. Apply the Test Failure Ownership Triage:
 
diff --git a/ship/sections/tests.md.tmpl b/ship/sections/tests.md.tmpl
index e6d53d495..a8ffe8318 100644
--- a/ship/sections/tests.md.tmpl
+++ b/ship/sections/tests.md.tmpl
@@ -10,15 +10,22 @@
 `db:test:prepare` internally, which loads the schema into the correct lane database.
 Running bare test migrations without INSTANCE hits an orphan DB and corrupts structure.sql.
 
-Run both test suites in parallel:
+Run both test suites in parallel, each wrapped in the evidence ledger. The
+wrapper is transparent (streams output live, exit code passes through) and
+records `{command, exit, working-tree fingerprint, log path}` to
+`~/.gstack/projects/<slug>/<branch>-evidence.jsonl` — Step 16 cites this
+record instead of re-running when the content hasn't changed:
 
 ```bash
-bin/test-lane 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ship_tests.txt &
-npm run test 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ship_vitest.txt &
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label tests -- 'bin/test-lane 2>&1' &
+~/.claude/skills/gstack/bin/gstack-evidence run --label vitest -- 'npm run test 2>&1' &
 wait
 ```
 
-After both complete, read the output files and check pass/fail.
+After both complete, check the `gstack-evidence: recorded label=... exit=...
+log=...` summary lines — each carries the lane's exit code and a per-run log
+file (no shared /tmp collisions between concurrent ships). Read the log files
+for failure detail.
 
 **If any test fails:** Do NOT immediately stop. Apply the Test Failure Ownership Triage:
 
diff --git a/test/evidence.test.ts b/test/evidence.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11a8d3b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/evidence.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+import { describe, test, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'bun:test';
+import { execSync, spawnSync } from 'child_process';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import * as os from 'os';
+
+const ROOT = path.resolve(import.meta.dir, '..');
+const EVIDENCE = path.join(ROOT, 'bin', 'gstack-evidence');
+
+let gstackHome: string;
+let repoDir: string;
+
+function git(args: string) {
+  execSync(`git -c user.email=t@test -c user.name=t ${args}`, { cwd: repoDir, encoding: 'utf-8', timeout: 10000 });
+}
+
+function run(args: string[], opts: { cwd?: string } = {}): { status: number; stdout: string; stderr: string } {
+  const r = spawnSync(EVIDENCE, args, {
+    cwd: opts.cwd ?? repoDir,
+    env: { ...process.env, GSTACK_HOME: gstackHome },
+    encoding: 'utf-8',
+    timeout: 60000,
+    maxBuffer: 16 * 1024 * 1024, // the truncation test streams 3MB through the wrapper
+  });
+  return { status: r.status ?? 1, stdout: r.stdout ?? '', stderr: r.stderr ?? '' };
+}
+
+function ledgerFile(): string {
+  const found: string[] = [];
+  const walk = (d: string) => {
+    if (!fs.existsSync(d)) return;
+    for (const e of fs.readdirSync(d, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+      const p = path.join(d, e.name);
+      if (e.isDirectory()) walk(p);
+      else if (e.name.endsWith('-evidence.jsonl')) found.push(p);
+    }
+  };
+  walk(path.join(gstackHome, 'projects'));
+  expect(found.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  return found[0];
+}
+
+function records(): any[] {
+  return fs
+    .readFileSync(ledgerFile(), 'utf-8')
+    .trim()
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((l) => JSON.parse(l));
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  gstackHome = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'gstack-evidence-home-'));
+  repoDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'gstack-evidence-repo-'));
+  git('init -q -b main');
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'src.txt'), 'v1\n');
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, '.gitignore'), 'scratch.txt\n');
+  git('add src.txt .gitignore');
+  git('commit -q -m init');
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  fs.rmSync(gstackHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(repoDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+describe('gstack-evidence run', () => {
+  test('records a complete evidence record and propagates exit 0', () => {
+    const r = run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo ok']);
+    expect(r.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(r.stdout).toContain('ok');
+    expect(r.stderr).toContain('recorded label=tests exit=0');
+    const rec = records().pop();
+    expect(rec.label).toBe('tests');
+    expect(rec.command).toBe('echo ok');
+    expect(rec.cmd_sha256).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
+    expect(rec.exit).toBe(0);
+    expect(typeof rec.duration_s).toBe('number');
+    expect(rec.commit).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/);
+    expect(rec.tree).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/);
+    expect(rec.wtree).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/);
+    expect(typeof rec.dirty).toBe('boolean');
+    expect(fs.existsSync(rec.log_path)).toBe(true);
+    expect(fs.readFileSync(rec.log_path, 'utf-8')).toContain('ok');
+  });
+
+  test('propagates a failing exit code and records it', () => {
+    const r = run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'exit 3']);
+    expect(r.status).toBe(3);
+    expect(records().pop().exit).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  test('spawn failure (ENOENT, argv-direct form) records and propagates 127', () => {
+    const r = run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', '/nonexistent-gstack-binary', 'arg']);
+    expect(r.status).toBe(127);
+    expect(records().pop().exit).toBe(127);
+  });
+
+  test('TRANSPARENCY: ledger failure never breaks the command (append-failure injection)', () => {
+    // Point GSTACK_HOME somewhere mkdir cannot succeed.
+    const r = spawnSync(EVIDENCE, ['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo still-ran'], {
+      cwd: repoDir,
+      env: { ...process.env, GSTACK_HOME: '/dev/null/nope' },
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      timeout: 60000,
+    });
+    expect(r.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(r.stdout).toContain('still-ran');
+    expect(r.stderr).toContain('warning');
+  });
+
+  test('ledger and log files are 0600', () => {
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo ok']);
+    const rec = records().pop();
+    expect(fs.statSync(ledgerFile()).mode & 0o777).toBe(0o600);
+    expect(fs.statSync(rec.log_path).mode & 0o777).toBe(0o600);
+  });
+
+  test('two rapid runs get distinct log files (collision-safe exclusive open)', () => {
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo one']);
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo two']);
+    const [a, b] = records().slice(-2);
+    expect(a.log_path).not.toBe(b.log_path);
+  });
+
+  test('log truncates at 2MB with a marker; exit code unaffected', () => {
+    const r = run(['run', '--label', 'big', '--', 'head -c 3000000 /dev/zero | tr "\\0" a']);
+    expect(r.status).toBe(0);
+    const rec = records().pop();
+    const size = fs.statSync(rec.log_path).size;
+    expect(size).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2 * 1024 * 1024 + 200);
+    expect(fs.readFileSync(rec.log_path, 'utf-8')).toContain('log truncated at 2MB');
+  });
+
+  test('logs older than 30 days are pruned opportunistically', () => {
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo ok']);
+    const logsDir = path.dirname(records().pop().log_path);
+    const oldLog = path.join(logsDir, 'ancient.log');
+    fs.writeFileSync(oldLog, 'old');
+    const past = new Date(Date.now() - 40 * 24 * 3600 * 1000);
+    fs.utimesSync(oldLog, past, past);
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo again']);
+    expect(fs.existsSync(oldLog)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('works as a backgrounded job (ship Step 5 lanes run with & wait)', () => {
+    execSync(`bash -c '"${EVIDENCE}" run --label bg -- "echo backgrounded" & wait'`, {
+      cwd: repoDir,
+      env: { ...process.env, GSTACK_HOME: gstackHome },
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      timeout: 60000,
+    });
+    const rec = records().pop();
+    expect(rec.label).toBe('bg');
+    expect(rec.exit).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('a HIGH credential in the command is stored redacted', () => {
+    const r = run(['run', '--label', 'sec', '--', 'echo ghp_A8bC2dE4fG6hI8jK0lM2nO4pQ6rS8tU0vW2x deploy']);
+    expect(r.status).toBe(0);
+    const rec = records().pop();
+    expect(rec.command).not.toContain('ghp_A8bC2dE4fG6hI8jK0lM2nO4pQ6rS8tU0vW2x');
+    expect(rec.redacted).toBe(true);
+    // The hash still binds to the ORIGINAL exact string (freshness key).
+    expect(rec.cmd_sha256).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('gstack-evidence check', () => {
+  test('KEYSTONE: evidence recorded on a dirty tree stays FRESH after committing the exact tested content', () => {
+    // Dirty the tree (this is /ship Step 5: tests run on uncommitted code).
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'src.txt'), 'v2-tested\n');
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    expect(records().pop().dirty).toBe(true);
+
+    // Step 15: commit the exact same content. HEAD tree changes; working-tree
+    // content does not.
+    git('commit -q -am ship');
+
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('EVIDENCE: FRESH');
+  });
+
+  test('a content change after the run grades STALE', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'src.txt'), 'changed-after-tests\n');
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('EVIDENCE: STALE');
+  });
+
+  test('an untracked NEW source file grades STALE; gitignored scratch stays FRESH', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'scratch.txt'), 'conductor noise\n');
+    expect(run(['check', '--label', 'tests']).status).toBe(0);
+
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'brand-new.ts'), 'export {}\n');
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('STALE');
+  });
+
+  test('allow-paths carve-out: a CHANGELOG-only change stays FRESH with --allow-paths', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'CHANGELOG.md'), '## v1\n');
+    git('add CHANGELOG.md');
+    git('commit -q -m changelog');
+
+    const without = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(without.status).toBe(1);
+
+    const withAllow = run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--allow-paths', 'CHANGELOG.md,VERSION,package.json']);
+    expect(withAllow.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(withAllow.stdout).toContain('FRESH');
+
+    // A source change is NOT rescued by the allow-list.
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'src.txt'), 'v3\n');
+    expect(run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--allow-paths', 'CHANGELOG.md']).status).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test('--expect-cmd binds the label to the exact command string', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    expect(run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--expect-cmd', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    const mismatch = run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--expect-cmd', 'echo cheaper-command']);
+    expect(mismatch.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(mismatch.stdout).toContain('cmd_sha256 mismatch');
+  });
+
+  test('a recorded FAILING run is never FRESH', () => {
+    run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'exit 1']);
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('recorded run failed');
+  });
+
+  test('--max-age expires old records', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    const file = ledgerFile();
+    const rec = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8').trim());
+    rec.ts = new Date(Date.now() - 48 * 3600 * 1000).toISOString();
+    fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify(rec) + '\n');
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--max-age', '24']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('older than 24h');
+  });
+
+  test('a gc-d / fabricated stored fingerprint degrades to STALE, never a crash', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    const file = ledgerFile();
+    const rec = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8').trim());
+    rec.wtree = 'deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef';
+    fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify(rec) + '\n');
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('STALE');
+  });
+
+  test('a green lane never masks a red sibling: every named label must be FRESH', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    run(['run', '--label', 'vitest', '--', 'exit 1']);
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--label', 'vitest']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('EVIDENCE: FRESH label=tests');
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('EVIDENCE: STALE label=vitest');
+  });
+
+  test('MISSING for a label that never ran (explicit labels prove expected lanes)', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests', '--label', 'never-ran']);
+    expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(chk.stdout).toContain('MISSING label=never-ran');
+  });
+
+  test('check never errors outside a git repo — degrades to STALE', () => {
+    expect(run(['run', '--label', 'tests', '--', 'echo green']).status).toBe(0);
+    const nonGit = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'gstack-evidence-nongit-'));
+    try {
+      const chk = run(['check', '--label', 'tests'], { cwd: nonGit });
+      expect([0, 1]).toContain(chk.status); // different slug → MISSING; the point is: no crash
+      expect(chk.status).toBe(1);
+    } finally {
+      fs.rmSync(nonGit, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});