diff --git a/ARCHITECTURE.md b/ARCHITECTURE.md
index 96c823936..1cdfdcadf 100644
--- a/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -387,13 +387,19 @@ A validation rule is an object that takes an entity and a graph and returns obje
 
 Each `validationIssue` takes its rule's `type` and may include a `subtype` that further differentiates it.
 
+#### Issue Types
+
 ##### `almost_junction`
 
+A way ends close to another way, indicating they should likely be connected. The current distance threshold is 5 meters.
+
+* `highway-highway`: both the ways are roads or paths; no issue is flagged if the endpoint is an entrance or is tagged `noexit=yes`
+
 ##### `close_nodes`
 
-Two nodes have a very small distance between them without z-axis differentiation. The threshold distance is smaller for features expected to be mapped at higher levels of detail (e.g. paths, rooms).
+Two nodes have a very small distance between them. The threshold distance is smaller for features expected to be mapped at higher levels of detail (e.g. paths, rooms).
 
-* `detached`: the nodes are not part of any ways
+* `detached`: the nodes are not part of any ways; close points with differing z-axis tags like `layer` and `level` are not flagged
 * `vertices`: the nodes are adjacent members of a way
 
 ##### `crossing_ways`
@@ -401,11 +407,24 @@ Two nodes have a very small distance between them without z-axis differentiation
 Two ways cross without a junction node or enough information to clarify how they cross.
 
 ##### `disconnected_way`
-##### `fixme_tag`
 
-A feature has a `fixme` tag that existed before the user's current edits. Deleting the `fixme` tag marks the issue as resolved regardless of the user's other edits.
+One or more interconnected, routable feature are not connected to the rest of the routable network (i.e. they form a routing island). A way is considered connected to the network if any of its nodes are on an unloaded tile, meaning large routing islands may not always be detected.
+
+* `highway`: the feature is a road, path, ferry route, or elevator; entrances are also considered network connections
+
+##### `help_request`
+
+Someone has indicated a feature needs further attention.
+
+* `fixme_tag`: a feature has a `fixme` tag that existed before the user's current edits; deleting the `fixme` tag marks the issue as resolved regardless of the user's other edits
 
 ##### `impossible_oneway`
+
+A one-way line does not have a valid connection at its first or last node.
+
+* `highway`: a one-way road or path does not start or end at another highway or an entrance
+* `waterway`: multiple streams, etc., start or end at the same node that's not a spring, drain, or water body
+
 ##### `incompatible_source`
 
 The `source` tag of a feature references a data source known to have a license incompatiable with OpenStreetMap. This is very much not exhaustive and currently only flags sources containing "google".
@@ -417,7 +436,17 @@ A tag of a feature has an unexpected syntax.
 * `email`: the `email` tag does not look like "user@example.com"
 
 ##### `maprules`
+
+An issue with the active [MapRules](https://github.com/radiant-maxar/maprules) validation rules.
+
 ##### `mismatched_geometry`
+
+A feature's tags indicate it should have a different geometry than it currently does.
+
+* `area_as_line`: an unclosed way has tags implying it should be a closed area (e.g. `area=yes` or `building=yes`)
+* `vertex_as_point`: a detached node has tags implying it should be part of a way (e.g. `highway=stop`)
+* `point_as_vertex`: a vertex node has tags implying it should be detached from ways (e.g. `amenity=cafe`)
+
 ##### `missing_role`
 
 A relation membership does not have a set `role`.
@@ -445,9 +474,15 @@ A feature has nonstandard tags.
 An email address, phone number, or fax number is present on a residential feature that isn't also tagged as a POI.
 
 ##### `suspicious_name`
+
+There's indication that a `name` tag doesn't contain the actual name of the feature. Multilingual names like `name:de` are also checked.
+
+* `generic_name`: a name matches the raw key or value of the feature's defining tags (e.g. `amenity`, `cafe`) or it matches something the name-suggestion-index discards as generic when checking the most common place names in OpenStreetMap
+* `not_name`: a name tag matches a value under the `not:name` tag
+
 ##### `unsquare_way`
 
-A way has corners close to, but not quite 90°. The user can vary the "close to" degree threshold between 0° and 20°. The default is 5°.
+A way has corners close to, but not quite 90°. The user can vary the "close to" degree threshold between 0° and 20°. The default is 5°. Only buildings are currently flagged.
 
-* `building`: the feature has a `building` tag; other feature types are not currently flagged
+* `building`: the feature has a `building` tag
 
diff --git a/data/core.yaml b/data/core.yaml
index 77f498283..a36191610 100644
--- a/data/core.yaml
+++ b/data/core.yaml
@@ -1410,14 +1410,15 @@ en:
       highway:
         message: "{highway} is disconnected from other roads and paths"
     fixme_tag:
-      title: '"Fix Me" Requests'
       message: '{feature} has a "Fix Me" request'
-      tip: 'Find features with "fixme" tags'
       reference: 'A "fixme" tag indicates that a mapper has requested help with a feature.'
     generic_name:
       message: '{feature} has the suspicious name "{name}"'
       message_language: '{feature} has the suspicious name "{name}" in {language}'
       reference: "Names should be the actual, on-the-ground names of features."
+    help_request:
+      title: 'Help Requests'
+      tip: 'Find features where others requested assistance'
     incompatible_source:
       title: Suspicious Sources
       tip: "Find features with suspicious source tags"
diff --git a/dist/locales/en.json b/dist/locales/en.json
index 6547c26f6..c7b26a335 100644
--- a/dist/locales/en.json
+++ b/dist/locales/en.json
@@ -1744,9 +1744,7 @@
                 }
             },
             "fixme_tag": {
-                "title": "\"Fix Me\" Requests",
                 "message": "{feature} has a \"Fix Me\" request",
-                "tip": "Find features with \"fixme\" tags",
                 "reference": "A \"fixme\" tag indicates that a mapper has requested help with a feature."
             },
             "generic_name": {
@@ -1754,6 +1752,10 @@
                 "message_language": "{feature} has the suspicious name \"{name}\" in {language}",
                 "reference": "Names should be the actual, on-the-ground names of features."
             },
+            "help_request": {
+                "title": "Help Requests",
+                "tip": "Find features where others requested assistance"
+            },
             "incompatible_source": {
                 "title": "Suspicious Sources",
                 "tip": "Find features with suspicious source tags",
diff --git a/modules/validations/almost_junction.js b/modules/validations/almost_junction.js
index 844674219..11e844de8 100644
--- a/modules/validations/almost_junction.js
+++ b/modules/validations/almost_junction.js
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ export function validationAlmostJunction(context) {
 
             issues.push(new validationIssue({
                 type: type,
+                subtype: 'highway-highway',
                 severity: 'warning',
                 message: function(context) {
                     var entity1 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
diff --git a/modules/validations/disconnected_way.js b/modules/validations/disconnected_way.js
index ef1a566f4..6d4572ca4 100644
--- a/modules/validations/disconnected_way.js
+++ b/modules/validations/disconnected_way.js
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ export function validationDisconnectedWay() {
 
         return [new validationIssue({
             type: type,
+            subtype: 'highway',
             severity: 'warning',
             message: function(context) {
                 if (this.entityIds.length === 1) {
diff --git a/modules/validations/fixme_tag.js b/modules/validations/help_request.js
similarity index 92%
rename from modules/validations/fixme_tag.js
rename to modules/validations/help_request.js
index 8033dbcc8..92421b892 100644
--- a/modules/validations/fixme_tag.js
+++ b/modules/validations/help_request.js
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ import { utilDisplayLabel } from '../util';
 import { validationIssue } from '../core/validation';
 
 
-export function validationFixmeTag(context) {
-    var type = 'fixme_tag';
-
+export function validationHelpRequest(context) {
+    var type = 'help_request';
 
     var validation = function checkFixmeTag(entity) {
 
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ export function validationFixmeTag(context) {
 
         return [new validationIssue({
             type: type,
+            subtype: 'fixme_tag',
             severity: 'warning',
             message: function(context) {
                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
diff --git a/modules/validations/index.js b/modules/validations/index.js
index 345a0c034..985c1203d 100644
--- a/modules/validations/index.js
+++ b/modules/validations/index.js
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ export { validationAlmostJunction } from './almost_junction';
 export { validationCloseNodes } from './close_nodes';
 export { validationCrossingWays } from './crossing_ways';
 export { validationDisconnectedWay } from './disconnected_way';
-export { validationFixmeTag } from './fixme_tag';
 export { validationFormatting } from './invalid_format';
+export { validationHelpRequest } from './help_request';
 export { validationImpossibleOneway } from './impossible_oneway';
 export { validationIncompatibleSource } from './incompatible_source';
 export { validationMaprules } from './maprules';
diff --git a/test/spec/validations/almost_junction.js b/test/spec/validations/almost_junction.js
index ce600a5d2..d8feec1ae 100644
--- a/test/spec/validations/almost_junction.js
+++ b/test/spec/validations/almost_junction.js
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ describe('iD.validations.almost_junction', function () {
         expect(issues).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         var issue = issues[0];
         expect(issue.type).to.eql('almost_junction');
+        expect(issue.subtype).to.eql('highway-highway');
         expect(issue.entityIds).to.have.lengthOf(3);
         expect(issue.entityIds[0]).to.eql('w-1');
         expect(issue.entityIds[1]).to.eql('n-1');
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@ describe('iD.validations.almost_junction', function () {
         expect(issues).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         var issue = issues[0];
         expect(issue.type).to.eql('almost_junction');
+        expect(issue.subtype).to.eql('highway-highway');
         expect(issue.entityIds).to.have.lengthOf(3);
         expect(issue.entityIds[0]).to.eql('w-1');
         expect(issue.entityIds[1]).to.eql('n-1');
diff --git a/test/spec/validations/disconnected_way.js b/test/spec/validations/disconnected_way.js
index b0090a1a8..f6b63dd48 100644
--- a/test/spec/validations/disconnected_way.js
+++ b/test/spec/validations/disconnected_way.js
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ describe('iD.validations.disconnected_way', function () {
         expect(issues).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         var issue = issues[0];
         expect(issue.type).to.eql('disconnected_way');
+        expect(issue.subtype).to.eql('highway');
         expect(issue.severity).to.eql('warning');
         expect(issue.entityIds).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         expect(issue.entityIds[0]).to.eql('w-1');
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ describe('iD.validations.disconnected_way', function () {
         expect(issues).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         var issue = issues[0];
         expect(issue.type).to.eql('disconnected_way');
+        expect(issue.subtype).to.eql('highway');
         expect(issue.severity).to.eql('warning');
         expect(issue.entityIds).to.have.lengthOf(1);
         expect(issue.entityIds[0]).to.eql('w-1');