Merge branch 'main' into feature/android-sub-module-loading

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
-# https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
-
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "pip" # See documentation for possible values
-    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10']  # , '3.11']
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ jobs:
         if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         with:
           pytest-coverage-path: ./pytest-coverage.txt
-          junitxml-path: ./pytest.xml
+          junitxml-path: ./pytest.xml

.github/workflows/update-ios-data.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ jobs:
           title: '[auto] Update iOS releases and versions'
           commit-message: Add new iOS versions and build numbers
           branch: auto/add-new-ios-releases
-          draft: true
           body: |
             This is an automated pull request to update the iOS releases and version numbers.
           add-paths: |

Dockerfile

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ RUN git clone https://github.com/libimobiledevice/usbmuxd && cd usbmuxd \
 
 
 # Create main image
-FROM ubuntu:24.04 as main
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as main
 
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url="https://mvt.re"
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://docs.mvt.re"
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ COPY --from=build-usbmuxd /build /
 COPY . mvt/
 RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y git python3-pip \
-   && PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 pip3 install --break-system-packages ./mvt \
+   && PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 pip3 install --upgrade pip \
+   && PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 pip3 install ./mvt \
    && apt-get remove -y python3-pip git && apt-get autoremove -y \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && rm -rf mvt

Makefile

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 PWD = $(shell pwd)
 
+autofix:
+	ruff format .
+	ruff check --fix .
+
 check: ruff mypy
 
 ruff:
-	ruff check .
+	ruff format --check .
+	ruff check -q .
 
 mypy:
 	mypy
@@ -18,7 +23,7 @@ install:
 	python3 -m pip install --upgrade -e .
 
 test-requirements:
-	python3 -m pip install --upgrade --group dev
+	python3 -m pip install --upgrade -r test-requirements.txt
 
 generate-proto-parsers:
 	# Generate python parsers for protobuf files

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,61 +2,4 @@
 
 Thank you for your interest in reporting security issues and vulnerabilities! Security research is of utmost importance and we take all reports seriously. If you discover an issue please report it to us right away!
 
-Please DO NOT file a public issue, instead send your report privately to the MVT maintainers at Amnesty International via `security [at] amnesty [dot] tech`.
+Please DO NOT file a public issue, instead send your report privately to *nex [at] nex [dot] sx*. You can also write PGP-encrypted emails to [this key](https://keybase.io/nex/pgp_keys.asc?fingerprint=05216f3b86848a303c2fe37dd166f1667359d880).
-
-You can also write PGP-encrypted emails to key `CFBF9698DCA8EB2A80F48ADEA035A030FA04ED13`. The corresponding PGP public key is lited below.
-
-```
------BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
-
-mQINBGlFPwsBEADQ+d7SeHrFPYv3wPOjWs2oMpp0DPdfIyGbg+iYWOC36FegZhKY
-+WeK96GqJWt8wD6kwFUVwQI795WZrjSd1q4a7wR+kj/h7xlRB6ZfVICA6O5DOOm6
-GNMvqy7ESm8g1XZDpb2u1BXmSS9X8f6rjB0e86kYsF1mB5/2USTM63jgDs0GGTkZ
-Q1z4Mq4gYyqH32b3gvXkbb68LeQmONUIM3cgmec9q8/pNc1l7fcoLWhOVADRj17Q
-plisa/EUf/SYqdtk9w7EHGggNenKNwVM235mkPcMqmE72bTpjT6XCxvZY3ByG5yi
-7L+tHJU45ZuXtt62EvX03azxThVfSmH/WbRk8lH8+CW8XMmiWZphG4ydPWqgVKCB
-2UOXm+6CQnKA+7Dt1AeK2t5ciATrv9LvwgSxk5WKc3288XFLA6eGMrTdQygYlLjJ
-+42RSdK/7fCt/qk4q13oUw8ZTVcCia98uZFi704XuuYTH6NrntIB7j/0oucIS4Y9
-cTWNO5LBerez4v8VI4YHcYESPeIWGFkXhvJzo0VMg1zidBLtiPoGF2JKZGwaK7/p
-yY1xALskLp4H+5OY4eB1kf8kl4vGsEK8xA/NNzOiapVmwBXpvVvmXIQJE2k+olNf
-sAuyB8+aO1Ws7tFYt3D+olC7iaprOdK7uA4GCgmYYhq6QQPg+cxfczgHfwARAQAB
-tD1TZWN1cml0eSBMYWIgYXQgQW1uZXN0eSBJbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIDxzZWN1cml0
-eUBhbW5lc3R5LnRlY2g+iQJRBBMBCAA7FiEEz7+WmNyo6yqA9IreoDWgMPoE7RMF
-AmlFPwsCGwMFCwkIBwICIgIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwECHgcCF4AACgkQoDWgMPoE7RNr
-2w//a88uP90uSN6lgeIwKsHr1ri27QIBbzCV6hLN/gZBFR2uaiOn/xfFDbnR0Cjo
-5nMCJCT1k4nrPbMTlfmWLCD+YKELBzVqWlw4J2SOg3nznPl2JrL8QBKjwts0sF+h
-QbRWDsT54wBZnl6ZJJ79eLShNTokBbKnQ7071dMrENr5e2P2sClQXyiIc51ga4FM
-fHyhsx+GsrdiZNd2AH8912ljW1GuEi3epTO7KMZprmr37mjpZSUToiV59Yhl1Gbo
-2pixkYJqi62DG02/gTpCjq9NH3cEMxcxjh4E7yCA8ggLG6+IN6woIvPIdOsnQ+Yj
-d3H4rMNBjPSKoL+bdHILkCnp5HokcbVjNY3QAyOAF4qWhk4GtgpTshwxUmb4Tbay
-tWLJC2bzjuUBxLkGzMVFfU3B96sVS4Fi0sBaEMBtHskl2f45X8LJhSq//Lw/2L/8
-34uP/RxDSn+DPvj/yqMpekdCcmeFSTX1A19xkPcc0rVhMRde4VL338R86vzh0gMI
-1LySDAhXZyVWzrQ5s3n6N3EvCaHCn3qu7ieyFJifCSR7gZqevCEznMQRVpkMTzUt
-rk13Z6NOOb4IlTW7HFoY3omJG8Z5jV4kMIE7n6nb0qpNYQiG+YvjenQ3VrMoISyh
-lpS2De8+oOtwrxBVX3+qKWvQqzufeE3416kw2Z+5mxH7bx25Ag0EaUU/CwEQALyZ
-b+kwLN1yHObTm2yDBEn5HbCT3H1GremvPNmbAaTnfrjUngoKa8MuWWzbX5ptgmZR
-UpYY/ylOYcgGydz58vUNrPlhIZT9UhmiifPgZLEXyd0uFpr/NsbRajHMkK10iEZf
-h5bHNobiB7pGCu4Uj9e1cMiIZ4yEaYeyXYUoNHf6ISP39mJhHy6ov5yIpm9q0wzm
-tGUQPupxGXmEZlOPr3lxqXQ3Ekdv6cWDY5r/oOq71QJ/HUQ13QUuGFIbhnMbT8zd
-zaS6f/v772YKsWPc4NNUhtlf25VnQ4FuUtjCe3p6iYP4OVD8gJm0GvXyvyTuiQbL
-CSk/378JiNT7nZzYXxrWchMwvEoMIU55+/UaBc50HI5xvDQ858CX7PYGiimcdsO1
-EkQzhVxRfjlILfWrC2lgt+H5qhTn4Fah250Xe1PnLjXGHVUQnY/f3MFeiWQgf92b
-02+MfvOeC5OKttP1z5lcx6RFWCIa1E/u8Nj7YrH9hk0ZBRAnBaeAncDFY8dfX2zX
-VMoc0dV16gM7RrZ6i7D3CG3eLLkQlX0jbW9dzTuG/3f098EWB1p8vOfS/RbNCBRX
-jqGiqacL/aFF3Ci3nQ4O5tSv1XipbgrUhvXnwm9pxrLPS/45iaO59WN4RRGWLLQ7
-LHmeBxoa9avv0SdBYUL+eBxY46GXb/j5VLzHYhSnABEBAAGJAjYEGAEIACAWIQTP
-v5aY3KjrKoD0it6gNaAw+gTtEwUCaUU/CwIbDAAKCRCgNaAw+gTtEyvsEACnyFFD
-alOZTrrJTXNnUejuiExLh+qTO3T91p5bte597jpwCZnYGwkxEfffsqqhlY6ftEOf
-d5tNWE5isai4v8XCbplWomz4KBpepxcn2b+9o5dSyr1vohEFuCJziZDsta1J2DX5
-IE9U48kTgLDfdIBhuOyHNRkvXRHP2OVLCaiw4d9q+hlrraR8pehHt2BJSxh+QZoe
-n0iHvIZCBIUA45zLEGmXFpNTGeEf2dKPp3xOkAXOhAMPptE0V1itkF3R7kEW4aFO
-SZo8L3C1aWSz/gQ4/vvW5t1IJxirNMUgTMQFvqEkAwX3fm6GCxlgRSvTTRXdcrS8
-6qyFdH1nkCNsavPahN3N2RGGIlWtODEMTO1Hjy0kZtTYdW+JH9sendliCoJES+yN
-DjM125SgdAgrqlSYm/g8n9knWpxZv1QM6jU/sVz1J+l6/ixugL2i+CAL2d6uv4tT
-QmXnu7Ei4/2kHBUu3Lf59MNgmLHm6F7AhOWErszSeoJKsp+3yA1oTT/npz67sRzY
-VVyxz4NBIollna59a1lz0RhlWzNKqNB27jhylyM4ltdzHB7r4VMAVJyttozmIIOC
-35ucYxl5BHLuapaRSaYHdUId1LOccYyaOOFF/PSyCu9dKzXk7zEz2HNcIboWSkAE
-8ZDExMYM4WVpVCOj+frdsaBvzItHacRWuijtkw==
-=JAXX
------END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
-```

docs/android/adb.md

@@ -16,35 +16,27 @@ Now you can try launching MVT with:
 mvt-android check-adb --output /path/to/results
 ```
 
-!!! warning
-    The `check-adb` command is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-    Whenever possible, prefer acquiring device data using the AndroidQF project (https://github.com/mvt-project/androidqf/) and then analyze those acquisitions with MVT.
-
-    Running `mvt-android check-adb` will also emit a runtime deprecation warning advising you to migrate to AndroidQF.
-
 If you have previously started an adb daemon MVT will alert you and require you to kill it with `adb kill-server` and relaunch the command.
 
 !!! warning
+    MVT relies on the Python library [adb-shell](https://pypi.org/project/adb-shell/) to connect to an Android device, which relies on libusb for the USB transport. Because of known driver issues, Windows users [are recommended](https://github.com/JeffLIrion/adb_shell/issues/118) to install appropriate drivers using [Zadig](https://zadig.akeo.ie/). Alternatively, an easier option might be to use the TCP transport and connect over Wi-Fi as describe next.
 
-    The `mvt-android check-adb` command has been deprecated and removed from MVT.
+## Connecting over Wi-FI
 
-The ability to analyze Android devices over ADB (`mvt-android check-adb`) has been removed from MVT due to several technical and forensic limitations.
+When connecting to the device over USB is not possible or not working properly, an alternative option is to connect over the network. In order to do so, first launch an adb daemon at a fixed port number:
 
-## Reasons for Deprecation
+```bash
+adb tcpip 5555
+```
 
-1. **Inconsistent Data Collection Across Devices**
+Then you can specify the IP address of the phone with the adb port number to MVT like so:
-   Android devices vary significantly in their system architecture, security policies, and available diagnostic logs. This inconsistency makes it difficult to ensure that MVT can reliably collect necessary forensic data across all devices.
 
-2. **Incomplete Forensic Data Acquisition**
+```bash
-   The `check-adb` command did not retrieve a full forensic snapshot of all available data on the device. For example, critical logs such as the **full bugreport** were not systematically collected, leading to potential gaps in forensic analysis. This can be a serious problem in scenarios where the analyst only had one time access to the Android device.
+mvt-android check-adb --serial 192.168.1.20:5555 --output /path/to/results
+```
 
-4. **Code Duplication and Difficulty Ensuring Consistent Behavior Across Sources**
+Where `192.168.1.20` is the correct IP address of your device.
-    Similar forensic data such as "dumpsys" logs were being loaded and parsed by MVT's ADB, AndroidQF and Bugreport commands. Multiple modules were needed to handle each source format which created duplication leading to inconsistent
-    behavior and difficulties in maintaining the code base.
 
-5. **Alignment with iOS Workflow**
+## MVT modules requiring root privileges
-   MVT’s forensic workflow for iOS relies on pre-extracted artifacts, such as iTunes backups or filesystem dumps, rather than preforming commands or interactions directly on a live device. Removing the ADB functionality ensures a more consistent methodology across both Android and iOS mobile forensic.
 
-## Alternative: Using AndroidQF for Forensic Data Collection
+Of the currently available `mvt-android check-adb` modules a handful require root privileges to function correctly. This is because certain files, such as browser history and SMS messages databases are not accessible with user privileges through adb. These modules are to be considered OPTIONALLY available in case the device was already jailbroken. **Do NOT jailbreak your own device unless you are sure of what you are doing!** Jailbreaking your phone exposes it to considerable security risks!
-
-To replace the deprecated ADB-based approach, forensic analysts should use [AndroidQF](https://github.com/mvt-project/androidqf) for comprehensive data collection, followed by MVT for forensic analysis. The workflow is outlined in the MVT [Android methodology](./methodology.md)

docs/android/methodology.md

@@ -1,53 +1,23 @@
 # Methodology for Android forensic
 
-Unfortunately Android devices provide fewer complete forensically useful datasources than their iOS cousins. Unlike iOS, the Android backup feature only provides a limited about of relevant data.
+Unfortunately Android devices provide much less observability than their iOS cousins. Android stores very little diagnostic information useful to triage potential compromises, and because of this `mvt-android` capabilities are limited as well.
-
-Android diagnostic logs such as *bugreport files* can be inconsistent in format and structure across different Android versions and device  vendors. The limited diagnostic information available makes it difficult to triage potential compromises, and because of this `mvt-android` capabilities are limited as well.
 
 However, not all is lost.
 
-## Check Android devices with AndroidQF and MVT
+## Check installed Apps
 
-The [AndroidQF](https://github.com/mvt-project/androidqf) tool can be used to collect a wide range of forensic artifacts from an Android device including an Android backup, a bugreport file, and a range of system logs. MVT natively supports analyzing the generated AndroidQF output for signs of device compromise.
+Because malware attacks over Android typically take the form of malicious or backdoored apps, the very first thing you might want to do is to extract and verify all installed Android packages and triage quickly if there are any which stand out as malicious or which might be atypical.
 
-### Why Use AndroidQF?
+While it is out of the scope of this documentation to dwell into details on how to analyze Android apps, MVT does allow to easily and automatically extract information about installed apps, download copies of them, and quickly look them up on services such as [VirusTotal](https://www.virustotal.com).
 
-- **Complete and raw data extraction**
+!!! info "Using VirusTotal"
-  AndroidQF collects full forensic artifacts using an on-device forensic collection agent, ensuring that no crucial data is overlooked. The data collection does not depended on the shell environment or utilities available on the device.
+	Please note that in order to use VirusTotal lookups you are required to provide your own API key through the `MVT_VT_API_KEY` environment variable. You should also note that VirusTotal enforces strict API usage. Be mindful that MVT might consume your hourly search quota.
-
-- **Consistent and standardized output**
-  By collecting a predefined and complete set of forensic files, AndroidQF ensures consistency in data acquisition across different Android devices.
-
-- **Future-proof analysis**
-  Since the full forensic artifacts are preserved, analysts can extract new evidence or apply updated analysis techniques without requiring access to the original device.
-
-- **Cross-platform tool without dependencies**
-  AndroidQF is a standalone Go binary which can be used to remotely collect data from an Android device without the device owner needing to install MVT or a Python environment.
-
-### Workflow for Android Forensic Analysis with AndroidQF
-
-With AndroidQF the analysis process is split into a separate data collection and data analysis stages.
-
-1. **Extract Data Using AndroidQF**
-  Deploy the AndroidQF forensic collector to acquire all relevant forensic artifacts from the Android device.
-
-2. **Analyze Extracted Data with MVT**
-  Use the `mvt-android check-androidqf` command to perform forensic analysis on the extracted artifacts.
-
-By separating artifact collection from forensic analysis, this approach ensures a more reliable and scalable methodology for Android forensic investigations.
-
-For more information, refer to the [AndroidQF project documentation](https://github.com/mvt-project/androidqf).
 
 ## Check the device over Android Debug Bridge
 
-The ability to analyze Android devices over ADB (`mvt-android check-adb`) has been removed from MVT.
+Some additional diagnostic information can be extracted from the phone using the [Android Debug Bridge (adb)](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb). `mvt-android` allows to automatically extract information including [dumpsys](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/dumpsys) results, details on installed packages (without download), running processes, presence of root binaries and packages, and more.
 
-See the [Android ADB documentation](./adb.md) for more information.
 
 ## Check an Android Backup (SMS messages)
 
-Although Android backups are becoming deprecated, it is still possible to generate one. Unfortunately, because apps these days typically favor backup over the cloud, the amount of data available is limited.
+Although Android backups are becoming deprecated, it is still possible to generate one. Unfortunately, because apps these days typically favor backup over the cloud, the amount of data available is limited. Currently, `mvt-android check-backup` only supports checking SMS messages containing links.
-
-The `mvt-android check-androidqf` command will automatically check an Android backup and SMS messages if an SMS backup is included in the AndroidQF extraction.
-
-The  `mvt-android check-backup` command can also be used directly with an Android backup file.

docs/docker.md

@@ -31,4 +31,21 @@ Test if the image was created successfully:
 docker run -it mvt
 ```
 
-If a prompt is spawned successfully, you can close it with `exit`.
+If a prompt is spawned successfully, you can close it with `exit`.
+
+
+## Docker usage with Android devices
+
+If you wish to use MVT to test an Android device you will need to enable the container's access to the host's USB devices. You can do so by enabling the `--privileged` flag and mounting the USB bus device as a volume:
+
+```bash
+docker run -it --privileged -v /dev/bus/usb:/dev/bus/usb mvt
+```
+
+**Please note:** the `--privileged` parameter is generally regarded as a security risk. If you want to learn more about this check out [this explainer on container escapes](https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/07/19/understanding-docker-container-escapes/) as it gives access to the whole system.
+
+Recent versions of Docker provide a `--device` parameter allowing to specify a precise USB device without enabling `--privileged`:
+
+```bash
+docker run -it --device=/dev/<your_usb_port> mvt
+```

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 mkdocs==1.6.1
-mkdocs-autorefs==1.4.3
+mkdocs-autorefs==1.2.0
-mkdocs-material==9.6.20
+mkdocs-material==9.5.42
 mkdocs-material-extensions==1.3.1
-mkdocstrings==1.0.0
+mkdocstrings==0.23.0

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [project]
 name = "mvt"
 dynamic = ["version"]
-authors = [{ name = "Claudio Guarnieri", email = "nex@nex.sx" }]
+authors = [
+    {name = "Claudio Guarnieri", email = "nex@nex.sx"}
+]
 maintainers = [
-    { name = "Etienne Maynier", email = "tek@randhome.io" },
+    {name = "Etienne Maynier", email = "tek@randhome.io"},
-    { name = "Donncha Ó Cearbhaill", email = "donncha.ocearbhaill@amnesty.org" },
+    {name = "Donncha Ó Cearbhaill", email = "donncha.ocearbhaill@amnesty.org"},
-    { name = "Rory Flynn", email = "rory.flynn@amnesty.org" },
+    {name = "Rory Flynn", email = "rory.flynn@amnesty.org"}
 ]
 description = "Mobile Verification Toolkit"
 readme = "README.md"
@@ -14,61 +16,48 @@ classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
     "Intended Audience :: Information Technology",
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
-    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python"
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "click==8.3.1",
+    "click >=8.1.3",
-    "rich==14.1.0",
+    "rich >=12.6.0",
-    "tld==0.13.1",
+    "tld >=0.12.6",
-    "requests==2.32.5",
+    "requests >=2.28.1",
-    "simplejson==3.20.2",
+    "simplejson >=3.17.6",
-    "packaging==25.0",
+    "packaging >=21.3",
-    "appdirs==1.4.4",
+    "appdirs >=1.4.4",
-    "iOSbackup==0.9.925",
+    "iOSbackup >=0.9.923",
-    "adb-shell[usb]==0.4.4",
+    "adb-shell[usb] >=0.4.3",
-    "libusb1==3.3.1",
+    "libusb1 >=3.0.0",
-    "cryptography==46.0.5",
+    "cryptography >=42.0.5",
-    "PyYAML>=6.0.2",
+    "pyyaml >=6.0",
-    "pyahocorasick==2.2.0",
+    "pyahocorasick >= 2.0.0",
-    "betterproto==1.2.5",
+    "betterproto >=1.2.0",
-    "pydantic==2.12.5",
+    "pydantic >= 2.10.0",
-    "pydantic-settings==2.10.1",
+    "pydantic-settings >= 2.7.0",
-    "NSKeyedUnArchiver==1.5.2",
+    'backports.zoneinfo; python_version < "3.9"',
-    "python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0",
-    "tzdata==2025.2",
 ]
-requires-python = ">= 3.10"
+requires-python = ">= 3.8"
 
 [project.urls]
 homepage = "https://docs.mvt.re/en/latest/"
 repository = "https://github.com/mvt-project/mvt"
 
 [project.scripts]
-mvt-ios = "mvt.ios:cli"
+    mvt-ios = "mvt.ios:cli"
-mvt-android = "mvt.android:cli"
+    mvt-android = "mvt.android:cli"
-
-[dependency-groups]
-dev = [
-    "requests>=2.31.0",
-    "pytest>=7.4.3",
-    "pytest-cov>=4.1.0",
-    "pytest-github-actions-annotate-failures>=0.2.0",
-    "pytest-mock>=3.14.0",
-    "stix2>=3.0.1",
-    "ruff>=0.1.6",
-    "mypy>=1.7.1",
-    "betterproto[compiler]",
-]
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [tool.coverage.run]
-omit = ["tests/*"]
+omit = [
+    "tests/*",
+]
 
 [tool.coverage.html]
-directory = "htmlcov"
+directory= "htmlcov"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 install_types = true
@@ -78,13 +67,15 @@ packages = "src"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 addopts = "-ra -q --cov=mvt --cov-report html --junitxml=pytest.xml --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered"
-testpaths = ["tests"]
+testpaths = [
+    "tests"
+]
 
-[tool.ruff]
+[tool.ruff.lint]
-lint.select = ["C90", "E", "F", "W"] # flake8 default set
+select = ["C90", "E", "F", "W"]  # flake8 default set
-lint.ignore = [
+ignore = [
-    "E501", # don't enforce line length violations
+    "E501",  # don't enforce line length violations
-    "C901", # complex-structure
+    "C901",  # complex-structure
 
     # These were previously ignored but don't seem to be required:
     # "E265",  # no-space-after-block-comment
@@ -96,14 +87,14 @@ lint.ignore = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"__init__.py" = ["F401"] # unused-import
+"__init__.py" = ["F401"]  # unused-import
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.mccabe]
 max-complexity = 10
 
 [tool.setuptools]
 include-package-data = true
-package-dir = { "" = "src" }
+package-dir = {"" = "src"}
 
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
 where = ["src"]
@@ -112,4 +103,4 @@ where = ["src"]
 mvt = ["ios/data/*.json"]
 
 [tool.setuptools.dynamic]
-version = { attr = "mvt.common.version.MVT_VERSION" }
+version = {attr = "mvt.common.version.MVT_VERSION"}

src/mvt/android/artifacts/artifact.py

@@ -20,39 +20,23 @@ class AndroidArtifact(Artifact):
         :param binary: whether the dumpsys should be pared as binary or not (bool)
         :return: section extracted (string or bytes)
         """
+        lines = []
         in_section = False
-        delimiter_str = "------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+        delimiter = "------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
-        delimiter_bytes = b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
-
         if binary:
-            lines_bytes = []
+            delimiter = delimiter.encode("utf-8")
-            for line in dumpsys.splitlines():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-                if line.strip() == separator:  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-                    in_section = True
-                    continue
 
-                if not in_section:
+        for line in dumpsys.splitlines():
-                    continue
+            if line.strip() == separator:
+                in_section = True
+                continue
 
-                if line.strip().startswith(delimiter_bytes):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            if not in_section:
-                    break
+                continue
 
-                lines_bytes.append(line)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            if line.strip().startswith(delimiter):
+                break
 
-            return b"\n".join(lines_bytes)  # type: ignore[return-value,arg-type]
+            lines.append(line)
-        else:
-            lines_str = []
-            for line in dumpsys.splitlines():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-                if line.strip() == separator:  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-                    in_section = True
-                    continue
 
-                if not in_section:
+        return b"\n".join(lines) if binary else "\n".join(lines)
-                    continue
-
-                if line.strip().startswith(delimiter_str):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-                    break
-
-                lines_str.append(line)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-
-            return "\n".join(lines_str)  # type: ignore[return-value,arg-type]

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_accessibility.py

@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ class DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
     def parse(self, content: str) -> None:

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_adb.py

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import base64
-import binascii
 import hashlib
 
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 
 
 class DumpsysADBArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
-    multiline_fields = ["user_keys", "keystore"]
+    multiline_fields = ["user_keys"]
 
     def indented_dump_parser(self, dump_data):
         """
@@ -68,38 +67,14 @@ class DumpsysADBArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
 
         return res
 
-    def parse_xml(self, xml_data):
-        """
-        Parse XML data from dumpsys ADB output
-        """
-        import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-
-        keystore = []
-        keystore_root = ET.fromstring(xml_data)
-        for adb_key in keystore_root.findall("adbKey"):
-            key_info = self.calculate_key_info(adb_key.get("key").encode("utf-8"))
-            key_info["last_connected"] = adb_key.get("lastConnection")
-            keystore.append(key_info)
-
-        return keystore
-
     @staticmethod
-    def calculate_key_info(user_key: bytes) -> dict:
+    def calculate_key_info(user_key: bytes) -> str:
-        if b" " in user_key:
+        key_base64, user = user_key.split(b" ", 1)
-            key_base64, user = user_key.split(b" ", 1)
+        key_raw = base64.b64decode(key_base64)
-        else:
+        key_fingerprint = hashlib.md5(key_raw).hexdigest().upper()
-            key_base64, user = user_key, b""
+        key_fingerprint_colon = ":".join(
-
+            [key_fingerprint[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(key_fingerprint), 2)]
-        try:
+        )
-            key_raw = base64.b64decode(key_base64)
-            key_fingerprint = hashlib.md5(key_raw).hexdigest().upper()
-            key_fingerprint_colon = ":".join(
-                [key_fingerprint[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(key_fingerprint), 2)]
-            )
-        except binascii.Error:
-            # Impossible to parse base64
-            key_fingerprint_colon = ""
-
         return {
             "user": user.decode("utf-8"),
             "fingerprint": key_fingerprint_colon,
@@ -140,24 +115,8 @@ class DumpsysADBArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         if parsed.get("debugging_manager") is None:
             self.log.error("Unable to find expected ADB entries in dumpsys output")  # noqa
             return
-
-        # Keystore can be in different levels, as the basic parser
-        # is not always consistent due to different dumpsys formats.
-        if parsed.get("keystore"):
-            keystore_data = b"\n".join(parsed["keystore"])
-        elif parsed["debugging_manager"].get("keystore"):
-            keystore_data = b"\n".join(parsed["debugging_manager"]["keystore"])
         else:
-            keystore_data = None
+            parsed = parsed["debugging_manager"]
-
-        # Keystore is in XML format on some devices and we need to parse it
-        if keystore_data and keystore_data.startswith(b"<?xml"):
-            parsed["debugging_manager"]["keystore"] = self.parse_xml(keystore_data)
-        else:
-            # Keystore is not XML format
-            parsed["debugging_manager"]["keystore"] = keystore_data
-
-        parsed = parsed["debugging_manager"]
 
         # Calculate key fingerprints for better readability
         key_info = []

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_appops.py

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_datetime_to_iso
 
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 
+
 RISKY_PERMISSIONS = ["REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES"]
 RISKY_PACKAGES = ["com.android.shell"]
 
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ class DumpsysAppopsArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
     Parser for dumpsys app ops info
     """
 
-    def serialize(self, result: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         records = []
-        for perm in result["permissions"]:
+        for perm in record["permissions"]:
             if "entries" not in perm:
                 continue
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class DumpsysAppopsArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
                             "timestamp": entry["timestamp"],
                             "module": self.__class__.__name__,
                             "event": entry["access"],
-                            "data": f"{result['package_name']} access to "
+                            "data": f"{record['package_name']} access to "
                             f"{perm['name']}: {entry['access']}",
                         }
                     )
@@ -43,51 +43,51 @@ class DumpsysAppopsArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
         for result in self.results:
             if self.indicators:
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("package_name"))
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("package_name"))
-                if ioc_match:
+                if ioc:
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                    result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                        ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                    self.detected.append(result)
-                    )
                     continue
 
-            # We use a placeholder entry to create a basic alert even without permission entries.
+            detected_permissions = []
-            placeholder_entry = {"access": "Unknown", "timestamp": ""}
-
             for perm in result["permissions"]:
                 if (
                     perm["name"] in RISKY_PERMISSIONS
                     # and perm["access"] == "allow"
                 ):
-                    for entry in sorted(
+                    detected_permissions.append(perm)
-                        perm["entries"] or [placeholder_entry],
+                    for entry in sorted(perm["entries"], key=lambda x: x["timestamp"]):
-                        key=lambda x: x["timestamp"],
+                        self.log.warning(
-                    ):
+                            "Package '%s' had risky permission '%s' set to '%s' at %s",
-                        cleaned_result = result.copy()
+                            result["package_name"],
-                        cleaned_result["permissions"] = [perm]
+                            perm["name"],
-                        self.alertstore.medium(
+                            entry["access"],
-                            f"Package '{result['package_name']}' had risky permission '{perm['name']}' set to '{entry['access']}' at {entry['timestamp']}",
                             entry["timestamp"],
-                            cleaned_result,
                         )
 
                 elif result["package_name"] in RISKY_PACKAGES:
-                    for entry in sorted(
+                    detected_permissions.append(perm)
-                        perm["entries"] or [placeholder_entry],
+                    for entry in sorted(perm["entries"], key=lambda x: x["timestamp"]):
-                        key=lambda x: x["timestamp"],
+                        self.log.warning(
-                    ):
+                            "Risky package '%s' had '%s' permission set to '%s' at %s",
-                        cleaned_result = result.copy()
+                            result["package_name"],
-                        cleaned_result["permissions"] = [perm]
+                            perm["name"],
-                        self.alertstore.medium(
+                            entry["access"],
-                            f"Risky package '{result['package_name']}' had '{perm['name']}' permission set to '{entry['access']}' at {entry['timestamp']}",
                             entry["timestamp"],
-                            cleaned_result,
                         )
 
+            if detected_permissions:
+                # We clean the result to only include the risky permission, otherwise the timeline
+                # will be polluted with all the other irrelevant permissions
+                cleaned_result = result.copy()
+                cleaned_result["permissions"] = detected_permissions
+                self.detected.append(cleaned_result)
+
     def parse(self, output: str) -> None:
-        # self.results: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+        self.results: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
-        perm: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        perm = {}
-        package: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        package = {}
-        entry: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        entry = {}
         uid = None
         in_packages = False
 

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_battery_daily.py

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Union
-
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
 
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 
@@ -15,24 +13,13 @@ class DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
     Parser for dumpsys dattery daily updates.
     """
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
-        action = record.get("action", "update")
-        package_name = record["package_name"]
-        vers = record["vers"]
-
-        if vers == "0":
-            data = f"Recorded uninstall of package {package_name} (vers 0)"
-        elif action == "downgrade":
-            prev_vers = record.get("previous_vers", "unknown")
-            data = f"Recorded downgrade of package {package_name} from vers {prev_vers} to vers {vers}"
-        else:
-            data = f"Recorded update of package {package_name} with vers {vers}"
-
         return {
             "timestamp": record["from"],
             "module": self.__class__.__name__,
             "event": "battery_daily",
-            "data": data,
+            "data": f"Recorded update of package {record['package_name']} "
+            f"with vers {record['vers']}",
         }
 
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
@@ -40,19 +27,15 @@ class DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
     def parse(self, output: str) -> None:
         daily = None
-        daily_updates: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        daily_updates = []
-        package_versions: dict[
-            str, str
-        ] = {}  # Track package versions to detect downgrades
         for line in output.splitlines():
             if line.startswith("  Daily from "):
                 if len(daily_updates) > 0:
@@ -81,44 +64,15 @@ class DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
                     break
 
             if not already_seen:
-                update_record: dict[str, Any] = {
+                daily_updates.append(
-                    "action": "update",
+                    {
-                    "from": daily["from"],
+                        "action": "update",
-                    "to": daily["to"],
+                        "from": daily["from"],
-                    "package_name": package_name,
+                        "to": daily["to"],
-                    "vers": vers_nr,
+                        "package_name": package_name,
-                }
+                        "vers": vers_nr,
-
+                    }
-                # Check for uninstall (version 0)
+                )
-                if vers_nr == "0":
-                    self.log.warning(
-                        "Detected uninstall of package %s (vers 0) on %s",
-                        package_name,
-                        daily["from"],
-                    )
-                # Check for downgrade
-                elif package_name in package_versions:
-                    try:
-                        current_vers = int(vers_nr)
-                        previous_vers = int(package_versions[package_name])
-                        if current_vers < previous_vers:
-                            update_record["action"] = "downgrade"
-                            update_record["previous_vers"] = str(previous_vers)
-                            self.log.warning(
-                                "Detected downgrade of package %s from vers %d to vers %d on %s",
-                                package_name,
-                                previous_vers,
-                                current_vers,
-                                daily["from"],
-                            )
-                    except ValueError:
-                        # If version numbers aren't integers, skip comparison
-                        pass
-
-                # Update tracking dictionary
-                package_versions[package_name] = vers_nr
-
-                daily_updates.append(update_record)
 
         if len(daily_updates) > 0:
             self.results.extend(daily_updates)

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_battery_history.py

@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@ class DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
     def parse(self, data: str) -> None:

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_dbinfo.py

@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ class DumpsysDBInfoArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         for result in self.results:
             path = result.get("path", "")
             for part in path.split("/"):
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(part)
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(part)
-                if ioc_match:
+                if ioc:
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                    result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                        ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                    self.detected.append(result)
-                    )
                     continue
 
     def parse(self, output: str) -> None:

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_package_activities.py

@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ class DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for activity in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(activity["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(activity["package_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                activity["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", activity, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(activity)
-                )
                 continue
 
     def parse(self, content: str):

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_packages.py

@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import re
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
 
 from mvt.android.utils import ROOT_PACKAGES
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
 
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 
@@ -15,28 +14,25 @@ from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 class DumpsysPackagesArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
         for result in self.results:
-            # XXX: De-duplication Package detections
             if result["package_name"] in ROOT_PACKAGES:
-                self.alertstore.medium(
+                self.log.warning(
-                    f'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "{result["package_name"]}"',
+                    'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "%s"',
-                    "",
+                    result["package_name"],
-                    result,
                 )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
+                self.detected.append(result)
                 continue
 
             if not self.indicators:
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("package_name", ""))
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("package_name", ""))
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         records = []
+
         timestamps = [
             {"event": "package_install", "timestamp": record["timestamp"]},
             {
@@ -63,15 +59,15 @@ class DumpsysPackagesArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         """
         Parse one entry of a dumpsys package information
         """
-        details: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        details = {
             "uid": "",
             "version_name": "",
             "version_code": "",
             "timestamp": "",
             "first_install_time": "",
             "last_update_time": "",
-            "permissions": list(),
+            "permissions": [],
-            "requested_permissions": list(),
+            "requested_permissions": [],
         }
         in_install_permissions = False
         in_runtime_permissions = False
@@ -149,7 +145,7 @@ class DumpsysPackagesArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         results = []
         package_name = None
         package = {}
-        lines: list[str] = []
+        lines = []
         for line in output.splitlines():
             if line.startswith("  Package ["):
                 if len(lines) > 0:

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_platform_compat.py

@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@ class DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
     def parse(self, data: str) -> None:

src/mvt/android/artifacts/dumpsys_receivers.py

@@ -50,18 +50,14 @@ class DumpsysReceiversArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
                 if not self.indicators:
                     continue
 
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(receiver["package_name"])
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(receiver["package_name"])
-                if ioc_match:
+                if ioc:
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                    receiver["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                        ioc_match.message,
+                    self.detected.append({intent: receiver})
-                        "",
-                        {intent: receiver},
-                        matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc,
-                    )
                     continue
 
     def parse(self, output: str) -> None:
-        self.results: dict[str, list[dict[str, str]]] = {}
+        self.results = {}
 
         in_receiver_resolver_table = False
         in_non_data_actions = False

src/mvt/android/artifacts/file_timestamps.py

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+from typing import Union
 
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
 
 
 class FileTimestampsArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         records = []
 
         for ts in set(

src/mvt/android/artifacts/getprop.py

@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ class GetProp(AndroidArtifact):
             if not matches or len(matches[0]) != 2:
                 continue
 
-            prop_entry = {"name": matches[0][0], "value": matches[0][1]}
+            entry = {"name": matches[0][0], "value": matches[0][1]}
-            self.results.append(prop_entry)
+            self.results.append(entry)
 
-    def get_device_timezone(self) -> str | None:
+    def get_device_timezone(self) -> str:
         """
         Get the device timezone from the getprop results
 
@@ -59,18 +59,13 @@ class GetProp(AndroidArtifact):
                 self.log.info("%s: %s", entry["name"], entry["value"])
 
             if entry["name"] == "ro.build.version.security_patch":
-                warning_message = warn_android_patch_level(entry["value"], self.log)
+                warn_android_patch_level(entry["value"], self.log)
-                if isinstance(warning_message, str):
-                    self.alertstore.medium(warning_message, "", entry)
 
         if not self.indicators:
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_android_property_name(
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_android_property_name(result.get("name", ""))
-                result.get("name", "")
+            if ioc:
-            )
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )

src/mvt/android/artifacts/mounts.py

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-from typing import Any
-
-from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
-
-SUSPICIOUS_MOUNT_POINTS = [
-    "/system",
-    "/vendor",
-    "/product",
-    "/system_ext",
-]
-
-SUSPICIOUS_OPTIONS = [
-    "rw",
-    "remount",
-    "noatime",
-    "nodiratime",
-]
-
-ALLOWLIST_NOATIME = [
-    "/system_dlkm",
-    "/system_ext",
-    "/product",
-    "/vendor",
-    "/vendor_dlkm",
-]
-
-
-class Mounts(AndroidArtifact):
-    """
-    This artifact parses mount information from /proc/mounts or similar mount data.
-    It can detect potentially suspicious mount configurations that may indicate
-    a rooted or compromised device.
-    """
-
-    def parse(self, entry: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Parse mount information from the provided entry.
-
-        Examples:
-        /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/system /system ext4 ro,seclabel,relatime 0 0
-        /dev/block/dm-12 on / type ext4 (ro,seclabel,noatime)
-        """
-        self.results: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
-
-        for line in entry.splitlines():
-            line = line.strip()
-            if not line:
-                continue
-
-            device = None
-            mount_point = None
-            filesystem_type = None
-            mount_options = ""
-
-            if " on " in line and " type " in line:
-                try:
-                    # Format: device on mount_point type filesystem_type (options)
-                    device_part, rest = line.split(" on ", 1)
-                    device = device_part.strip()
-
-                    # Split by 'type' to get mount_point and filesystem info
-                    mount_part, fs_part = rest.split(" type ", 1)
-                    mount_point = mount_part.strip()
-
-                    # Parse filesystem and options
-                    if "(" in fs_part and fs_part.endswith(")"):
-                        # Format: filesystem_type (options)
-                        fs_and_opts = fs_part.strip()
-                        paren_idx = fs_and_opts.find("(")
-                        filesystem_type = fs_and_opts[:paren_idx].strip()
-                        mount_options = fs_and_opts[paren_idx + 1 : -1].strip()
-                    else:
-                        # No options in parentheses, just filesystem type
-                        filesystem_type = fs_part.strip()
-                        mount_options = ""
-
-                    # Skip if we don't have essential info
-                    if not device or not mount_point or not filesystem_type:
-                        continue
-
-                    # Parse options into list
-                    options_list = (
-                        [opt.strip() for opt in mount_options.split(",") if opt.strip()]
-                        if mount_options
-                        else []
-                    )
-
-                    # Check if it's a system partition
-                    is_system_partition = mount_point in SUSPICIOUS_MOUNT_POINTS or any(
-                        mount_point.startswith(sp) for sp in SUSPICIOUS_MOUNT_POINTS
-                    )
-
-                    # Check if it's mounted read-write
-                    is_read_write = "rw" in options_list
-
-                    mount_entry = {
-                        "device": device,
-                        "mount_point": mount_point,
-                        "filesystem_type": filesystem_type,
-                        "mount_options": mount_options,
-                        "options_list": options_list,
-                        "is_system_partition": is_system_partition,
-                        "is_read_write": is_read_write,
-                    }
-
-                    self.results.append(mount_entry)
-
-                except ValueError:
-                    # If parsing fails, skip this line
-                    continue
-            else:
-                # Skip lines that don't match expected format
-                continue
-
-    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Check for suspicious mount configurations that may indicate root access
-        or other security concerns.
-        """
-        system_rw_mounts = []
-        suspicious_mounts = []
-
-        for mount in self.results:
-            mount_point = mount["mount_point"]
-            options = mount["options_list"]
-
-            # Check for system partitions mounted as read-write
-            if mount["is_system_partition"] and mount["is_read_write"]:
-                system_rw_mounts.append(mount)
-                if mount_point == "/system":
-                    self.alertstore.high(
-                        "Root detected /system partition is mounted as read-write (rw)",
-                        "",
-                        mount,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    self.alertstore.high(
-                        f"System partition {mount_point} is mounted as read-write (rw). This may indicate system modifications.",
-                        "",
-                        mount,
-                    )
-
-            # Check for other suspicious mount options
-            suspicious_opts = [opt for opt in options if opt in SUSPICIOUS_OPTIONS]
-            if suspicious_opts and mount["is_system_partition"]:
-                if (
-                    "noatime" in mount["mount_options"]
-                    and mount["mount_point"] in ALLOWLIST_NOATIME
-                ):
-                    continue
-                suspicious_mounts.append(mount)
-                self.alertstore.high(
-                    f"Suspicious mount options found for {mount_point}: {', '.join(suspicious_opts)}",
-                    "",
-                    mount,
-                )
-
-            # Log interesting mount information
-            if mount_point == "/data" or mount_point.startswith("/sdcard"):
-                self.log.info(
-                    "Data partition: %s mounted as %s with options: %s",
-                    mount_point,
-                    mount["filesystem_type"],
-                    mount["mount_options"],
-                )
-
-        self.log.info("Parsed %d mount entries", len(self.results))
-
-        # Check indicators if available
-        if not self.indicators:
-            return
-
-        for mount in self.results:
-            # Check if any mount points match indicators
-            ioc = self.indicators.check_file_path(mount.get("mount_point", ""))
-            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    f"Mount point matches indicator: {mount.get('mount_point', '')}",
-                    "",
-                    mount,
-                    matched_indicator=ioc,
-                )
-
-            # Check device paths for indicators
-            ioc = self.indicators.check_file_path(mount.get("device", ""))
-            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    f"Device path matches indicator: {mount.get('device', '')}",
-                    "",
-                    mount,
-                    matched_indicator=ioc,
-                )

src/mvt/android/artifacts/processes.py

@@ -58,15 +58,13 @@ class Processes(AndroidArtifact):
             if result["proc_name"] == "gatekeeperd":
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(proc_name)
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(proc_name)
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_process(proc_name)
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_process(proc_name)
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )

src/mvt/android/artifacts/settings.py

@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ ANDROID_DANGEROUS_SETTINGS = [
         "key": "send_action_app_error",
         "safe_value": "1",
     },
+    {
+        "description": "enabled installation of non Google Play apps",
+        "key": "install_non_market_apps",
+        "safe_value": "0",
+    },
     {
         "description": "enabled accessibility services",
         "key": "accessibility_enabled",

src/mvt/android/artifacts/tombstone_crashes.py

@@ -4,18 +4,16 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import datetime
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
 
-import betterproto
 import pydantic
-from dateutil import parser
+import betterproto
 
-from mvt.android.parsers.proto.tombstone import Tombstone
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_datetime_to_iso
-
+from mvt.android.parsers.proto.tombstone import Tombstone
 from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
 
+
 TOMBSTONE_DELIMITER = "*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***"
 
 # Map the legacy crash file keys to the new format.
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ class TombstoneCrashResult(pydantic.BaseModel):
     file_name: str
     file_timestamp: str  # We store the timestamp as a string to avoid timezone issues
     build_fingerprint: str
-    revision: str
+    revision: int
     arch: Optional[str] = None
     timestamp: str  # We store the timestamp as a string to avoid timezone issues
     process_uptime: Optional[int] = None
@@ -64,20 +62,20 @@ class TombstoneCrashResult(pydantic.BaseModel):
     process_name: Optional[str] = None
     binary_path: Optional[str] = None
     selinux_label: Optional[str] = None
-    uid: int
+    uid: Optional[int] = None
     signal_info: SignalInfo
     cause: Optional[str] = None
     extra: Optional[str] = None
 
 
 class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
-    """
+    """ "
     Parser for Android tombstone crash files.
 
     This parser can parse both text and protobuf tombstone crash files.
     """
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         return {
             "timestamp": record["timestamp"],
             "module": self.__class__.__name__,
@@ -93,21 +91,18 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_process(result["process_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_process(result["process_name"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
                 continue
 
             if result.get("command_line", []):
                 command_name = result.get("command_line")[0].split("/")[-1]
-                command_name = result["command_line"][0]
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_process(command_name)
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_process(command_name)
+                if ioc:
-                if ioc_match:
+                    result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                    self.detected.append(result)
-                        ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                    )
                     continue
 
             SUSPICIOUS_UIDS = [
@@ -116,23 +111,20 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
                 2000,  # shell
             ]
             if result["uid"] in SUSPICIOUS_UIDS:
-                self.alertstore.medium(
+                self.log.warning(
-                    (
+                    f"Potentially suspicious crash in process '{result['process_name']}' "
-                        f"Potentially suspicious crash in process '{result['process_name']}' "
+                    f"running as UID '{result['uid']}' in tombstone '{result['file_name']}' at {result['timestamp']}"
-                        f"running as UID '{result['uid']}' in tombstone '{result['file_name']}' at {result['timestamp']}"
-                    ),
-                    "",
-                    result,
                 )
+                self.detected.append(result)
 
     def parse_protobuf(
         self, file_name: str, file_timestamp: datetime.datetime, data: bytes
     ) -> None:
-        """Parse Android tombstone crash files from a protobuf object."""
+        """
+        Parse Android tombstone crash files from a protobuf object.
+        """
         tombstone_pb = Tombstone().parse(data)
-        tombstone_dict = tombstone_pb.to_dict(
+        tombstone_dict = tombstone_pb.to_dict(betterproto.Casing.SNAKE)
-            betterproto.Casing.SNAKE, include_default_values=True
-        )
 
         # Add some extra metadata
         tombstone_dict["timestamp"] = self._parse_timestamp_string(
@@ -149,23 +141,21 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
     def parse(
         self, file_name: str, file_timestamp: datetime.datetime, content: bytes
     ) -> None:
-        """Parse text Android tombstone crash files."""
+        """
+        Parse text Android tombstone crash files.
+        """
+
+        # Split the tombstone file into a dictonary
         tombstone_dict = {
             "file_name": file_name,
             "file_timestamp": convert_datetime_to_iso(file_timestamp),
         }
         lines = content.decode("utf-8").splitlines()
-        for line_num, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+        for line in lines:
             if not line.strip() or TOMBSTONE_DELIMITER in line:
                 continue
-            try:
+            for key, destination_key in TOMBSTONE_TEXT_KEY_MAPPINGS.items():
-                for key, destination_key in TOMBSTONE_TEXT_KEY_MAPPINGS.items():
+                self._parse_tombstone_line(line, key, destination_key, tombstone_dict)
-                    if self._parse_tombstone_line(
-                        line, key, destination_key, tombstone_dict
-                    ):
-                        break
-            except Exception as e:
-                raise ValueError(f"Error parsing line {line_num}: {str(e)}")
 
         # Validate the tombstone and add it to the results
         tombstone = TombstoneCrashResult.model_validate(tombstone_dict)
@@ -175,7 +165,7 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         self, line: str, key: str, destination_key: str, tombstone: dict
     ) -> bool:
         if not line.startswith(f"{key}"):
-            return False
+            return None
 
         if key == "pid":
             return self._load_pid_line(line, tombstone)
@@ -194,7 +184,7 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
             raise ValueError(f"Expected key {key}, got {line_key}")
 
         value_clean = value.strip().strip("'")
-        if destination_key == "uid":
+        if destination_key in ["uid", "revision"]:
             tombstone[destination_key] = int(value_clean)
         elif destination_key == "process_uptime":
             # eg. "Process uptime: 40s"
@@ -207,50 +197,51 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
         return True
 
     def _load_pid_line(self, line: str, tombstone: dict) -> bool:
-        try:
+        pid_part, tid_part, name_part = [part.strip() for part in line.split(",")]
-            parts = line.split(" >>> ") if " >>> " in line else line.split(">>>")
-            process_info = parts[0]
 
-            # Parse pid, tid, name from process info
+        pid_key, pid_value = pid_part.split(":", 1)
-            info_parts = [p.strip() for p in process_info.split(",")]
+        if pid_key != "pid":
-            for info in info_parts:
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected key pid, got {pid_key}")
-                key, value = info.split(":", 1)
+        pid_value = int(pid_value.strip())
-                key = key.strip()
-                value = value.strip()
 
-                if key == "pid":
+        tid_key, tid_value = tid_part.split(":", 1)
-                    tombstone["pid"] = int(value)
+        if tid_key != "tid":
-                elif key == "tid":
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected key tid, got {tid_key}")
-                    tombstone["tid"] = int(value)
+        tid_value = int(tid_value.strip())
-                elif key == "name":
-                    tombstone["process_name"] = value
 
-            # Extract binary path if it exists
+        name_key, name_value = name_part.split(":", 1)
-            if len(parts) > 1:
+        if name_key != "name":
-                tombstone["binary_path"] = parts[1].strip().rstrip(" <")
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected key name, got {name_key}")
+        name_value = name_value.strip()
+        process_name, binary_path = self._parse_process_name(name_value, tombstone)
 
-            return True
+        tombstone["pid"] = pid_value
+        tombstone["tid"] = tid_value
+        tombstone["process_name"] = process_name
+        tombstone["binary_path"] = binary_path
+        return True
 
-        except Exception as e:
+    def _parse_process_name(self, process_name_part, tombstone: dict) -> bool:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse PID line: {str(e)}")
+        process_name, process_path = process_name_part.split(">>>")
+        process_name = process_name.strip()
+        binary_path = process_path.strip().split(" ")[0]
+        return process_name, binary_path
 
     def _load_signal_line(self, line: str, tombstone: dict) -> bool:
-        signal_part, code_part = map(str.strip, line.split(",")[:2])
+        signal, code, _ = [part.strip() for part in line.split(",", 2)]
+        signal = signal.split("signal ")[1]
+        signal_code, signal_name = signal.split(" ")
+        signal_name = signal_name.strip("()")
 
-        def parse_part(part: str, prefix: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
+        code_part = code.split("code ")[1]
-            match = part.split(prefix)[1]
+        code_number, code_name = code_part.split(" ")
-            number = int(match.split()[0])
+        code_name = code_name.strip("()")
-            name = match.split("(")[1].split(")")[0] if "(" in match else "UNKNOWN"
-            return number, name
-
-        signal_number, signal_name = parse_part(signal_part, "signal ")
-        code_number, code_name = parse_part(code_part, "code ")
 
         tombstone["signal_info"] = {
-            "code": code_number,
+            "code": int(code_number),
             "code_name": code_name,
             "name": signal_name,
-            "number": signal_number,
+            "number": int(signal_code),
         }
         return True
 
@@ -261,7 +252,13 @@ class TombstoneCrashArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _parse_timestamp_string(timestamp: str) -> str:
-        timestamp_parsed = parser.parse(timestamp)
+        timestamp_date, timezone = timestamp.split("+")
+        # Truncate microseconds before parsing
+        timestamp_without_micro = timestamp_date.split(".")[0] + "+" + timezone
+        timestamp_parsed = datetime.datetime.strptime(
+            timestamp_without_micro, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z"
+        )
+
         # HACK: Swap the local timestamp to UTC, so keep the original time and avoid timezone conversion.
         local_timestamp = timestamp_parsed.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
         return convert_datetime_to_iso(local_timestamp)

src/mvt/android/cli.py

@@ -9,33 +9,40 @@ import click
 
 from mvt.common.cmd_check_iocs import CmdCheckIOCS
 from mvt.common.help import (
-    HELP_MSG_ANDROID_BACKUP_PASSWORD,
+    HELP_MSG_VERSION,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB_REMOVED,
+    HELP_MSG_OUTPUT,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB_REMOVED_DESCRIPTION,
+    HELP_MSG_SERIAL,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROID_BACKUP,
+    HELP_MSG_DOWNLOAD_APKS,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROIDQF,
+    HELP_MSG_DOWNLOAD_ALL_APKS,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_BUGREPORT,
+    HELP_MSG_VIRUS_TOTAL,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_IOCS,
+    HELP_MSG_APK_OUTPUT,
-    HELP_MSG_DISABLE_INDICATOR_UPDATE_CHECK,
+    HELP_MSG_APKS_FROM_FILE,
-    HELP_MSG_DISABLE_UPDATE_CHECK,
+    HELP_MSG_VERBOSE,
-    HELP_MSG_HASHES,
+    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB,
     HELP_MSG_IOC,
+    HELP_MSG_FAST,
     HELP_MSG_LIST_MODULES,
     HELP_MSG_MODULE,
     HELP_MSG_NONINTERACTIVE,
-    HELP_MSG_OUTPUT,
+    HELP_MSG_ANDROID_BACKUP_PASSWORD,
+    HELP_MSG_CHECK_BUGREPORT,
+    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROID_BACKUP,
+    HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROIDQF,
+    HELP_MSG_HASHES,
+    HELP_MSG_CHECK_IOCS,
     HELP_MSG_STIX2,
-    HELP_MSG_VERBOSE,
-    HELP_MSG_VERSION,
 )
 from mvt.common.logo import logo
 from mvt.common.updates import IndicatorsUpdates
 from mvt.common.utils import init_logging, set_verbose_logging
 
+from .cmd_check_adb import CmdAndroidCheckADB
 from .cmd_check_androidqf import CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF
 from .cmd_check_backup import CmdAndroidCheckBackup
 from .cmd_check_bugreport import CmdAndroidCheckBugreport
-from .modules.androidqf import ANDROIDQF_MODULES
+from .cmd_download_apks import DownloadAPKs
+from .modules.adb import ADB_MODULES
+from .modules.adb.packages import Packages
 from .modules.backup import BACKUP_MODULES
 from .modules.backup.helpers import cli_load_android_backup_password
 from .modules.bugreport import BUGREPORT_MODULES
@@ -46,37 +53,12 @@ log = logging.getLogger("mvt")
 CONTEXT_SETTINGS = dict(help_option_names=["-h", "--help"])
 
 
-def _get_disable_flags(ctx):
-    """Helper function to safely get disable flags from context."""
-    if ctx.obj is None:
-        return False, False
-    return (
-        ctx.obj.get("disable_version_check", False),
-        ctx.obj.get("disable_indicator_check", False),
-    )
-
-
 # ==============================================================================
 # Main
 # ==============================================================================
 @click.group(invoke_without_command=False)
-@click.option(
+def cli():
-    "--disable-update-check", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_DISABLE_UPDATE_CHECK
+    logo()
-)
-@click.option(
-    "--disable-indicator-update-check",
-    is_flag=True,
-    help=HELP_MSG_DISABLE_INDICATOR_UPDATE_CHECK,
-)
-@click.pass_context
-def cli(ctx, disable_update_check, disable_indicator_update_check):
-    ctx.ensure_object(dict)
-    ctx.obj["disable_version_check"] = disable_update_check
-    ctx.obj["disable_indicator_check"] = disable_indicator_update_check
-    logo(
-        disable_version_check=disable_update_check,
-        disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_update_check,
-    )
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -88,14 +70,117 @@ def version():
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
-# Command: check-adb (removed)
+# Command: download-apks
 # ==============================================================================
 @cli.command(
-    "check-adb", context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS, help=HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB_REMOVED
+    "download-apks", context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS, help=HELP_MSG_DOWNLOAD_APKS
 )
+@click.option("--serial", "-s", type=str, help=HELP_MSG_SERIAL)
+@click.option("--all-apks", "-a", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_DOWNLOAD_ALL_APKS)
+@click.option("--virustotal", "-V", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VIRUS_TOTAL)
+@click.option("--output", "-o", type=click.Path(exists=False), help=HELP_MSG_APK_OUTPUT)
+@click.option(
+    "--from-file", "-f", type=click.Path(exists=True), help=HELP_MSG_APKS_FROM_FILE
+)
+@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE)
 @click.pass_context
-def check_adb(ctx):
+def download_apks(ctx, all_apks, virustotal, output, from_file, serial, verbose):
-    log.error(HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB_REMOVED_DESCRIPTION)
+    set_verbose_logging(verbose)
+    try:
+        if from_file:
+            download = DownloadAPKs.from_json(from_file)
+        else:
+            # TODO: Do we actually want to be able to run without storing any
+            #       file?
+            if not output:
+                log.critical("You need to specify an output folder with --output!")
+                ctx.exit(1)
+
+            download = DownloadAPKs(results_path=output, all_apks=all_apks)
+            if serial:
+                download.serial = serial
+            download.run()
+
+        packages_to_lookup = []
+        if all_apks:
+            packages_to_lookup = download.packages
+        else:
+            for package in download.packages:
+                if not package.get("system", False):
+                    packages_to_lookup.append(package)
+
+            if len(packages_to_lookup) == 0:
+                return
+
+        if virustotal:
+            m = Packages()
+            m.check_virustotal(packages_to_lookup)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("")
+        ctx.exit(1)
+
+
+# ==============================================================================
+# Command: check-adb
+# ==============================================================================
+@cli.command("check-adb", context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS, help=HELP_MSG_CHECK_ADB)
+@click.option("--serial", "-s", type=str, help=HELP_MSG_SERIAL)
+@click.option(
+    "--iocs",
+    "-i",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+    multiple=True,
+    default=[],
+    help=HELP_MSG_IOC,
+)
+@click.option("--output", "-o", type=click.Path(exists=False), help=HELP_MSG_OUTPUT)
+@click.option("--fast", "-f", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_FAST)
+@click.option("--list-modules", "-l", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_LIST_MODULES)
+@click.option("--module", "-m", help=HELP_MSG_MODULE)
+@click.option("--non-interactive", "-n", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_NONINTERACTIVE)
+@click.option("--backup-password", "-p", help=HELP_MSG_ANDROID_BACKUP_PASSWORD)
+@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE)
+@click.pass_context
+def check_adb(
+    ctx,
+    serial,
+    iocs,
+    output,
+    fast,
+    list_modules,
+    module,
+    non_interactive,
+    backup_password,
+    verbose,
+):
+    set_verbose_logging(verbose)
+    module_options = {
+        "fast_mode": fast,
+        "interactive": not non_interactive,
+        "backup_password": cli_load_android_backup_password(log, backup_password),
+    }
+
+    cmd = CmdAndroidCheckADB(
+        results_path=output,
+        ioc_files=iocs,
+        module_name=module,
+        serial=serial,
+        module_options=module_options,
+    )
+
+    if list_modules:
+        cmd.list_modules()
+        return
+
+    log.info("Checking Android device over debug bridge")
+
+    cmd.run()
+
+    if cmd.detected_count > 0:
+        log.warning(
+            "The analysis of the Android device produced %d detections!",
+            cmd.detected_count,
+        )
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -127,8 +212,6 @@ def check_bugreport(ctx, iocs, output, list_modules, module, verbose, bugreport_
         ioc_files=iocs,
         module_name=module,
         hashes=True,
-        disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
-        disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -138,8 +221,12 @@ def check_bugreport(ctx, iocs, output, list_modules, module, verbose, bugreport_
     log.info("Checking Android bug report at path: %s", bugreport_path)
 
     cmd.run()
-    cmd.show_alerts_brief()
+
-    cmd.show_support_message()
+    if cmd.detected_count > 0:
+        log.warning(
+            "The analysis of the Android bug report produced %d detections!",
+            cmd.detected_count,
+        )
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -187,8 +274,6 @@ def check_backup(
             "interactive": not non_interactive,
             "backup_password": cli_load_android_backup_password(log, backup_password),
         },
-        disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
-        disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -198,8 +283,12 @@ def check_backup(
     log.info("Checking Android backup at path: %s", backup_path)
 
     cmd.run()
-    cmd.show_alerts_brief()
+
-    cmd.show_support_message()
+    if cmd.detected_count > 0:
+        log.warning(
+            "The analysis of the Android backup produced %d detections!",
+            cmd.detected_count,
+        )
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -249,8 +338,6 @@ def check_androidqf(
             "interactive": not non_interactive,
             "backup_password": cli_load_android_backup_password(log, backup_password),
         },
-        disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
-        disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -260,9 +347,12 @@ def check_androidqf(
     log.info("Checking AndroidQF acquisition at path: %s", androidqf_path)
 
     cmd.run()
-    cmd.show_alerts_brief()
+
-    cmd.show_disable_adb_warning()
+    if cmd.detected_count > 0:
-    cmd.show_support_message()
+        log.warning(
+            "The analysis of the AndroidQF acquisition produced %d detections!",
+            cmd.detected_count,
+        )
 
 
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -283,15 +373,13 @@ def check_androidqf(
 @click.pass_context
 def check_iocs(ctx, iocs, list_modules, module, folder):
     cmd = CmdCheckIOCS(target_path=folder, ioc_files=iocs, module_name=module)
-    cmd.modules = BACKUP_MODULES + BUGREPORT_MODULES + ANDROIDQF_MODULES
+    cmd.modules = BACKUP_MODULES + ADB_MODULES + BUGREPORT_MODULES
 
     if list_modules:
         cmd.list_modules()
         return
 
     cmd.run()
-    cmd.show_alerts_brief()
-    cmd.show_support_message()
 
 
 # ==============================================================================

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_adb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.common.command import Command
+
+from .modules.adb import ADB_MODULES
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CmdAndroidCheckADB(Command):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        ioc_files: Optional[list] = None,
+        module_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        serial: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            ioc_files=ioc_files,
+            module_name=module_name,
+            serial=serial,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+        )
+
+        self.name = "check-adb"
+        self.modules = ADB_MODULES

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_androidqf.py

@@ -9,194 +9,97 @@ import zipfile
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List, Optional
 
-from mvt.android.cmd_check_backup import CmdAndroidCheckBackup
-from mvt.android.cmd_check_bugreport import CmdAndroidCheckBugreport
 from mvt.common.command import Command
-from mvt.common.indicators import Indicators
 
 from .modules.androidqf import ANDROIDQF_MODULES
-from .modules.androidqf.base import AndroidQFModule
+from .modules.bugreport import BUGREPORT_MODULES
+from .modules.bugreport.base import BugReportModule
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class NoAndroidQFTargetPath(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class NoAndroidQFBugReport(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-class NoAndroidQFBackup(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
 class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
     def __init__(
         self,
         target_path: Optional[str] = None,
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         ioc_files: Optional[list] = None,
-        iocs: Optional[Indicators] = None,
         module_name: Optional[str] = None,
         serial: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        hashes: Optional[bool] = False,
+        hashes: bool = False,
-        sub_command: Optional[bool] = False,
-        disable_version_check: bool = False,
-        disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
             results_path=results_path,
             ioc_files=ioc_files,
-            iocs=iocs,
             module_name=module_name,
             serial=serial,
             module_options=module_options,
             hashes=hashes,
-            sub_command=sub_command,
             log=log,
-            disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
-            disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
         )
 
         self.name = "check-androidqf"
-        self.modules = ANDROIDQF_MODULES
 
-        self.__format: Optional[str] = None
+        # We can load AndroidQF and bugreport modules here, as
-        self.__zip: Optional[zipfile.ZipFile] = None
+        # AndroidQF dump will contain a bugreport.
-        self.__files: List[str] = []
+        self.modules = ANDROIDQF_MODULES + BUGREPORT_MODULES
+        # TODO: Check how to namespace and deduplicate modules.
+
+        self.format: Optional[str] = None
+        self.archive: Optional[zipfile.ZipFile] = None
+        self.files: List[str] = []
 
     def init(self):
-        if not self.target_path:
-            raise NoAndroidQFTargetPath
-
         if os.path.isdir(self.target_path):
-            self.__format = "dir"
+            self.format = "dir"
             parent_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().parent.as_posix()
             target_abs_path = os.path.abspath(self.target_path)
             for root, subdirs, subfiles in os.walk(target_abs_path):
                 for fname in subfiles:
                     file_path = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, fname), parent_path)
-                    self.__files.append(file_path)
+                    self.files.append(file_path)
+
         elif os.path.isfile(self.target_path):
-            self.__format = "zip"
+            self.format = "zip"
-            self.__zip = zipfile.ZipFile(self.target_path)
+            self.archive = zipfile.ZipFile(self.target_path)
-            self.__files = self.__zip.namelist()
+            self.files = self.archive.namelist()
 
-    def module_init(self, module: AndroidQFModule) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def load_bugreport(self):
-        if self.__format == "zip" and self.__zip:
+        # Refactor this file list loading
-            module.from_zip(self.__zip, self.__files)
+        # First we need to find the bugreport file location
-            return
-
-        if not self.target_path:
-            raise NoAndroidQFTargetPath
-
-        parent_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().parent.as_posix()
-        module.from_dir(parent_path, self.__files)
-
-    def load_bugreport(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
         bugreport_zip_path = None
-        for file_name in self.__files:
+        for file_name in self.files:
             if file_name.endswith("bugreport.zip"):
                 bugreport_zip_path = file_name
                 break
         else:
-            raise NoAndroidQFBugReport
+            self.log.warning("No bugreport.zip found in the AndroidQF dump")
+            return None
 
-        if self.__format == "zip" and self.__zip:
+        if self.format == "zip":
-            handle = self.__zip.open(bugreport_zip_path)
+            # Create handle to the bugreport.zip file inside the AndroidQF dump
-            return zipfile.ZipFile(handle)
+            handle = self.archive.open(bugreport_zip_path)
-
+            bugreport_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(handle)
-        if self.__format == "dir" and self.target_path:
+        else:
+            # Load the bugreport.zip file from the extracted AndroidQF dump on disk.
             parent_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().parent.as_posix()
             bug_report_path = os.path.join(parent_path, bugreport_zip_path)
-            return zipfile.ZipFile(bug_report_path)
+            bugreport_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(bug_report_path)
 
-        raise NoAndroidQFBugReport
+        return bugreport_zip
 
-    def load_backup(self) -> bytes:
+    def module_init(self, module):
-        backup_ab_path = None
+        if isinstance(module, BugReportModule):
-        for file_name in self.__files:
+            bugreport_archive = self.load_bugreport()
-            if file_name.endswith("backup.ab"):
+            if not bugreport_archive:
-                backup_ab_path = file_name
+                return
-                break
+            module.from_zip(bugreport_archive, bugreport_archive.namelist())
+            return
+
+        if self.format == "zip":
+            module.from_zip_file(self.archive, self.files)
         else:
-            raise NoAndroidQFBackup
-
-        if self.__format == "zip" and self.__zip:
-            backup_file_handle = self.__zip.open(backup_ab_path)
-            return backup_file_handle.read()
-
-        if self.__format == "dir" and self.target_path:
             parent_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().parent.as_posix()
-            backup_path = os.path.join(parent_path, backup_ab_path)
+            module.from_folder(parent_path, self.files)
-            with open(backup_path, "rb") as backup_file:
-                backup_ab_data = backup_file.read()
-            return backup_ab_data
-
-        raise NoAndroidQFBackup
-
-    def run_bugreport_cmd(self) -> bool:
-        bugreport = None
-        try:
-            bugreport = self.load_bugreport()
-        except NoAndroidQFBugReport:
-            self.log.warning(
-                "Skipping bugreport modules as no bugreport.zip found in AndroidQF data."
-            )
-            return False
-        else:
-            cmd = CmdAndroidCheckBugreport(
-                target_path=None,
-                results_path=self.results_path,
-                ioc_files=self.ioc_files,
-                iocs=self.iocs,
-                module_options=self.module_options,
-                hashes=self.hashes,
-                sub_command=True,
-            )
-            cmd.from_zip(bugreport)
-            cmd.run()
-
-            self.timeline.extend(cmd.timeline)
-            self.alertstore.extend(cmd.alertstore.alerts)
-        finally:
-            if bugreport:
-                bugreport.close()
-
-        return True
-
-    def run_backup_cmd(self) -> bool:
-        try:
-            backup = self.load_backup()
-        except NoAndroidQFBackup:
-            self.log.warning(
-                "Skipping backup modules as no backup.ab found in AndroidQF data."
-            )
-            return False
-
-        cmd = CmdAndroidCheckBackup(
-            target_path=None,
-            results_path=self.results_path,
-            ioc_files=self.ioc_files,
-            iocs=self.iocs,
-            module_options=self.module_options,
-            hashes=self.hashes,
-            sub_command=True,
-        )
-        cmd.from_ab(backup)
-        cmd.run()
-
-        self.timeline.extend(cmd.timeline)
-        self.alertstore.extend(cmd.alertstore.alerts)
-        return True
-
-    def finish(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Run the bugreport and backup modules if the respective files are found in the AndroidQF data.
-        """
-        self.run_bugreport_cmd()
-        self.run_backup_cmd()

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_backup.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import tarfile
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List, Optional
 
-from mvt.android.modules.backup.base import BackupModule
+from mvt.android.modules.backup.base import BackupExtraction
 from mvt.android.modules.backup.helpers import prompt_or_load_android_backup_password
 from mvt.android.parsers.backup import (
     AndroidBackupParsingError,
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from mvt.android.parsers.backup import (
     parse_backup_file,
 )
 from mvt.common.command import Command
-from mvt.common.indicators import Indicators
 
 from .modules.backup import BACKUP_MODULES
 
@@ -33,88 +32,73 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBackup(Command):
         target_path: Optional[str] = None,
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         ioc_files: Optional[list] = None,
-        iocs: Optional[Indicators] = None,
         module_name: Optional[str] = None,
         serial: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        hashes: Optional[bool] = False,
+        hashes: bool = False,
-        sub_command: Optional[bool] = False,
-        disable_version_check: bool = False,
-        disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
             results_path=results_path,
             ioc_files=ioc_files,
-            iocs=iocs,
             module_name=module_name,
             serial=serial,
             module_options=module_options,
             hashes=hashes,
-            sub_command=sub_command,
             log=log,
-            disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
-            disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
         )
 
         self.name = "check-backup"
         self.modules = BACKUP_MODULES
 
-        self.__type: str = ""
+        self.backup_type: str = ""
-        self.__tar: Optional[tarfile.TarFile] = None
+        self.backup_archive: Optional[tarfile.TarFile] = None
-        self.__files: List[str] = []
+        self.backup_files: List[str] = []
-
-    def from_ab(self, ab_file_bytes: bytes) -> None:
-        self.__type = "ab"
-        header = parse_ab_header(ab_file_bytes)
-        if not header["backup"]:
-            log.critical("Invalid backup format, file should be in .ab format")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        password = None
-        if header["encryption"] != "none":
-            password = prompt_or_load_android_backup_password(log, self.module_options)
-            if not password:
-                log.critical("No backup password provided.")
-                sys.exit(1)
-        try:
-            tardata = parse_backup_file(ab_file_bytes, password=password)
-        except InvalidBackupPassword:
-            log.critical("Invalid backup password")
-            sys.exit(1)
-        except AndroidBackupParsingError as exc:
-            log.critical("Impossible to parse this backup file: %s", exc)
-            log.critical("Please use Android Backup Extractor (ABE) instead")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        dbytes = io.BytesIO(tardata)
-        self.__tar = tarfile.open(fileobj=dbytes)
-        for member in self.__tar:
-            self.__files.append(member.name)
 
     def init(self) -> None:
-        if not self.target_path:  # type: ignore[has-type]
+        if not self.target_path:
             return
 
-        # Type guard: we know it's not None here after the check above
+        if os.path.isfile(self.target_path):
-        assert self.target_path is not None  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            self.backup_type = "ab"
-        # Use a different local variable name to avoid any scoping issues
+            with open(self.target_path, "rb") as handle:
-        backup_path: str = self.target_path  # type: ignore[has-type]
+                data = handle.read()
 
-        if os.path.isfile(backup_path):
+            header = parse_ab_header(data)
-            self.__type = "ab"
+            if not header["backup"]:
-            with open(backup_path, "rb") as handle:
+                log.critical("Invalid backup format, file should be in .ab format")
-                ab_file_bytes = handle.read()
+                sys.exit(1)
-            self.from_ab(ab_file_bytes)
 
-        elif os.path.isdir(backup_path):
+            password = None
-            self.__type = "folder"
+            if header["encryption"] != "none":
-            backup_path = Path(backup_path).absolute().as_posix()
+                password = prompt_or_load_android_backup_password(
-            self.target_path = backup_path
+                    log, self.module_options
-            for root, subdirs, subfiles in os.walk(os.path.abspath(backup_path)):
+                )
+                if not password:
+                    log.critical("No backup password provided.")
+                    sys.exit(1)
+            try:
+                tardata = parse_backup_file(data, password=password)
+            except InvalidBackupPassword:
+                log.critical("Invalid backup password")
+                sys.exit(1)
+            except AndroidBackupParsingError as exc:
+                log.critical("Impossible to parse this backup file: %s", exc)
+                log.critical("Please use Android Backup Extractor (ABE) instead")
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            dbytes = io.BytesIO(tardata)
+            self.backup_archive = tarfile.open(fileobj=dbytes)
+            for member in self.backup_archive:
+                self.backup_files.append(member.name)
+
+        elif os.path.isdir(self.target_path):
+            self.backup_type = "folder"
+            self.target_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().as_posix()
+            for root, subdirs, subfiles in os.walk(os.path.abspath(self.target_path)):
                 for fname in subfiles:
-                    self.__files.append(
+                    self.backup_files.append(
-                        os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, fname), backup_path)
+                        os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, fname), self.target_path)
                     )
         else:
             log.critical(
@@ -123,12 +107,8 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBackup(Command):
             )
             sys.exit(1)
 
-    def module_init(self, module: BackupModule) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def module_init(self, module: BackupExtraction) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
-        if self.__type == "folder":
+        if self.backup_type == "folder":
-            module.from_dir(self.target_path, self.__files)
+            module.from_folder(self.target_path, self.backup_files)
         else:
-            module.from_ab(self.target_path, self.__tar, self.__files)
+            module.from_ab(self.target_path, self.backup_archive, self.backup_files)
-
-    def finish(self) -> None:
-        if self.__tar:
-            self.__tar.close()

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_bugreport.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from zipfile import ZipFile
 
 from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.base import BugReportModule
 from mvt.common.command import Command
-from mvt.common.indicators import Indicators
 
 from .modules.bugreport import BUGREPORT_MODULES
 
@@ -24,82 +23,54 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBugreport(Command):
         target_path: Optional[str] = None,
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         ioc_files: Optional[list] = None,
-        iocs: Optional[Indicators] = None,
         module_name: Optional[str] = None,
         serial: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        hashes: Optional[bool] = False,
+        hashes: bool = False,
-        sub_command: Optional[bool] = False,
-        disable_version_check: bool = False,
-        disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
             results_path=results_path,
             ioc_files=ioc_files,
-            iocs=iocs,
             module_name=module_name,
             serial=serial,
             module_options=module_options,
             hashes=hashes,
-            sub_command=sub_command,
             log=log,
-            disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
-            disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
         )
 
         self.name = "check-bugreport"
         self.modules = BUGREPORT_MODULES
 
-        self.__format: str = ""
+        self.bugreport_format: str = ""
-        self.__zip: Optional[ZipFile] = None
+        self.bugreport_archive: Optional[ZipFile] = None
-        self.__files: List[str] = []
+        self.bugreport_files: List[str] = []
-
-    def from_dir(self, dir_path: str) -> None:
-        """This method is used to initialize the bug report analysis from an
-        uncompressed directory.
-        """
-        self.__format = "dir"
-        self.target_path = dir_path
-        parent_path = Path(dir_path).absolute().as_posix()
-        for root, _, subfiles in os.walk(os.path.abspath(dir_path)):
-            for file_name in subfiles:
-                file_path = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file_name), parent_path)
-                self.__files.append(file_path)
-
-    def from_zip(self, bugreport_zip: ZipFile) -> None:
-        """This method is used to initialize the bug report analysis from a
-        compressed archive.
-        """
-        # NOTE: This will be invoked either by the CLI directly,or by the
-        # check-androidqf command. We need this because we want to support
-        # check-androidqf to analyse compressed archives itself too.
-        # So, we'll need to extract bugreport.zip from a 'androidqf.zip', and
-        # since nothing is written on disk, we need to be able to pass this
-        # command a ZipFile instance in memory.
-
-        self.__format = "zip"
-        self.__zip = bugreport_zip
-        for file_name in self.__zip.namelist():
-            self.__files.append(file_name)
 
     def init(self) -> None:
         if not self.target_path:
             return
 
         if os.path.isfile(self.target_path):
-            self.from_zip(ZipFile(self.target_path))
+            self.bugreport_format = "zip"
+            self.bugreport_archive = ZipFile(self.target_path)
+            for file_name in self.bugreport_archive.namelist():
+                self.bugreport_files.append(file_name)
         elif os.path.isdir(self.target_path):
-            self.from_dir(self.target_path)
+            self.bugreport_format = "dir"
+            parent_path = Path(self.target_path).absolute().as_posix()
+            for root, _, subfiles in os.walk(os.path.abspath(self.target_path)):
+                for file_name in subfiles:
+                    file_path = os.path.relpath(
+                        os.path.join(root, file_name), parent_path
+                    )
+                    self.bugreport_files.append(file_path)
 
     def module_init(self, module: BugReportModule) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
-        if self.__format == "zip":
+        if self.bugreport_format == "zip":
-            module.from_zip(self.__zip, self.__files)
+            module.from_zip(self.bugreport_archive, self.bugreport_files)
         else:
-            if not self.target_path:
+            module.from_folder(self.target_path, self.bugreport_files)
-                raise ValueError("target_path is not set")
-            module.from_dir(self.target_path, self.__files)
 
     def finish(self) -> None:
-        if self.__zip:
+        if self.bugreport_archive:
-            self.__zip.close()
+            self.bugreport_archive.close()

src/mvt/android/cmd_download_apks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from rich.progress import track
+
+from mvt.common.module import InsufficientPrivileges
+
+from .modules.adb.base import AndroidExtraction
+from .modules.adb.packages import Packages
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DownloadAPKs(AndroidExtraction):
+    """DownloadAPKs is the main class operating the download of APKs
+    from the device.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        all_apks: bool = False,
+        packages: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize module.
+        :param results_path: Path to the folder where data should be stored
+        :param all_apks: Boolean indicating whether to download all packages
+                         or filter known-goods
+        :param packages: Provided list of packages, typically for JSON checks
+        """
+        super().__init__(results_path=results_path, log=log)
+
+        self.packages = packages
+        self.all_apks = all_apks
+        self.results_path_apks = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, json_path: str) -> Callable:
+        """Initialize this class from an existing apks.json file.
+
+        :param json_path: Path to the apks.json file to parse.
+
+        """
+        with open(json_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            packages = json.load(handle)
+            return cls(packages=packages)
+
+    def pull_package_file(
+        self, package_name: str, remote_path: str
+    ) -> Union[str, None]:
+        """Pull files related to specific package from the device.
+
+        :param package_name: Name of the package to download
+        :param remote_path: Path to the file to download
+        :returns: Path to the local copy
+
+        """
+        log.info("Downloading %s ...", remote_path)
+
+        file_name = ""
+        if "==/" in remote_path:
+            file_name = "_" + remote_path.split("==/")[1].replace(".apk", "")
+
+        local_path = os.path.join(
+            self.results_path_apks, f"{package_name}{file_name}.apk"
+        )
+        name_counter = 0
+        while True:
+            if not os.path.exists(local_path):
+                break
+
+            name_counter += 1
+            local_path = os.path.join(
+                self.results_path_apks, f"{package_name}{file_name}_{name_counter}.apk"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self._adb_download(remote_path, local_path)
+        except InsufficientPrivileges:
+            log.error(
+                "Unable to pull package file from %s: insufficient privileges, "
+                "it might be a system app",
+                remote_path,
+            )
+            self._adb_reconnect()
+            return None
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.exception("Failed to pull package file from %s: %s", remote_path, exc)
+            self._adb_reconnect()
+            return None
+
+        return local_path
+
+    def get_packages(self) -> None:
+        """Use the Packages adb module to retrieve the list of packages.
+        We reuse the same extraction logic to then download the APKs.
+        """
+        self.log.info("Retrieving list of installed packages...")
+
+        m = Packages()
+        m.log = self.log
+        m.serial = self.serial
+        m.run()
+
+        self.packages = m.results
+
+    def pull_packages(self) -> None:
+        """Download all files of all selected packages from the device."""
+        log.info(
+            "Starting extraction of installed APKs at folder %s", self.results_path
+        )
+
+        # If the user provided the flag --all-apks we select all packages.
+        packages_selection = []
+        if self.all_apks:
+            log.info("Selected all %d available packages", len(self.packages))
+            packages_selection = self.packages
+        else:
+            # Otherwise we loop through the packages and get only those that
+            # are not marked as system.
+            for package in self.packages:
+                if not package.get("system", False):
+                    packages_selection.append(package)
+
+            log.info(
+                'Selected only %d packages which are not marked as "system"',
+                len(packages_selection),
+            )
+
+        if len(packages_selection) == 0:
+            log.info("No packages were selected for download")
+            return
+
+        log.info("Downloading packages from device. This might take some time ...")
+
+        self.results_path_apks = os.path.join(self.results_path, "apks")
+        if not os.path.exists(self.results_path_apks):
+            os.makedirs(self.results_path_apks, exist_ok=True)
+
+        for i in track(
+            range(len(packages_selection)),
+            description=f"Downloading {len(packages_selection)} packages...",
+        ):
+            package = packages_selection[i]
+
+            log.info(
+                "[%d/%d] Package: %s",
+                i,
+                len(packages_selection),
+                package["package_name"],
+            )
+
+            # Sometimes the package path contains multiple lines for multiple
+            # apks. We loop through each line and download each file.
+            for package_file in package["files"]:
+                device_path = package_file["path"]
+                local_path = self.pull_package_file(
+                    package["package_name"], device_path
+                )
+                if not local_path:
+                    continue
+
+                package_file["local_path"] = local_path
+
+        log.info("Download of selected packages completed")
+
+    def save_json(self) -> None:
+        json_path = os.path.join(self.results_path, "apks.json")
+        with open(json_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            json.dump(self.packages, handle, indent=4)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self.get_packages()
+        self._adb_connect()
+        self.pull_packages()
+        self.save_json()
+        self._adb_disconnect()

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,15 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 from .chrome_history import ChromeHistory
+from .dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibility
+from .dumpsys_activities import DumpsysActivities
+from .dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppOps
+from .dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDaily
+from .dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistory
+from .dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfo
+from .dumpsys_adbstate import DumpsysADBState
 from .dumpsys_full import DumpsysFull
+from .dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceivers
 from .files import Files
 from .getprop import Getprop
 from .logcat import Logcat
@@ -24,7 +32,15 @@ ADB_MODULES = [
     Getprop,
     Settings,
     SELinuxStatus,
+    DumpsysBatteryHistory,
+    DumpsysBatteryDaily,
+    DumpsysReceivers,
+    DumpsysActivities,
+    DumpsysAccessibility,
+    DumpsysDBInfo,
+    DumpsysADBState,
     DumpsysFull,
+    DumpsysAppOps,
     Packages,
     Logcat,
     RootBinaries,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import string
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+from typing import Callable, Optional
+
+from adb_shell.adb_device import AdbDeviceTcp, AdbDeviceUsb
+from adb_shell.auth.keygen import keygen, write_public_keyfile
+from adb_shell.auth.sign_pythonrsa import PythonRSASigner
+from adb_shell.exceptions import (
+    AdbCommandFailureException,
+    DeviceAuthError,
+    UsbDeviceNotFoundError,
+    UsbReadFailedError,
+)
+from usb1 import USBErrorAccess, USBErrorBusy
+
+from mvt.android.modules.backup.helpers import prompt_or_load_android_backup_password
+from mvt.android.parsers.backup import (
+    InvalidBackupPassword,
+    parse_ab_header,
+    parse_backup_file,
+)
+from mvt.common.module import InsufficientPrivileges, MVTModule
+
+ADB_KEY_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/.android/adbkey")
+ADB_PUB_KEY_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/.android/adbkey.pub")
+
+
+class AndroidExtraction(MVTModule):
+    """This class provides a base for all Android extraction modules."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.device = None
+        self.serial = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _adb_check_keys() -> None:
+        """Make sure Android adb keys exist."""
+        if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(ADB_KEY_PATH)):
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(ADB_KEY_PATH))
+
+        if not os.path.exists(ADB_KEY_PATH):
+            keygen(ADB_KEY_PATH)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(ADB_PUB_KEY_PATH):
+            write_public_keyfile(ADB_KEY_PATH, ADB_PUB_KEY_PATH)
+
+    def _adb_connect(self) -> None:
+        """Connect to the device over adb."""
+        self._adb_check_keys()
+
+        with open(ADB_KEY_PATH, "rb") as handle:
+            priv_key = handle.read()
+
+        with open(ADB_PUB_KEY_PATH, "rb") as handle:
+            pub_key = handle.read()
+
+        signer = PythonRSASigner(pub_key, priv_key)
+
+        # If no serial was specified or if the serial does not seem to be
+        # a HOST:PORT definition, we use the USB transport.
+        if not self.serial or ":" not in self.serial:
+            try:
+                self.device = AdbDeviceUsb(serial=self.serial)
+            except UsbDeviceNotFoundError:
+                self.log.critical(
+                    "No device found. Make sure it is connected and unlocked."
+                )
+                sys.exit(-1)
+        # Otherwise we try to use the TCP transport.
+        else:
+            addr = self.serial.split(":")
+            if len(addr) < 2:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "TCP serial number must follow the format: `address:port`"
+                )
+
+            self.device = AdbDeviceTcp(
+                addr[0], int(addr[1]), default_transport_timeout_s=30.0
+            )
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                self.device.connect(rsa_keys=[signer], auth_timeout_s=5)
+            except (USBErrorBusy, USBErrorAccess):
+                self.log.critical(
+                    "Device is busy, maybe run `adb kill-server` and try again."
+                )
+                sys.exit(-1)
+            except DeviceAuthError:
+                self.log.error(
+                    "You need to authorize this computer on the Android device. "
+                    "Retrying in 5 seconds..."
+                )
+                time.sleep(5)
+            except UsbReadFailedError:
+                self.log.error(
+                    "Unable to connect to the device over USB. "
+                    "Try to unplug, plug the device and start again."
+                )
+                sys.exit(-1)
+            except OSError as exc:
+                if exc.errno == 113 and self.serial:
+                    self.log.critical(
+                        "Unable to connect to the device %s: "
+                        "did you specify the correct IP address?",
+                        self.serial,
+                    )
+                    sys.exit(-1)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    def _adb_disconnect(self) -> None:
+        """Close adb connection to the device."""
+        self.device.close()
+
+    def _adb_reconnect(self) -> None:
+        """Reconnect to device using adb."""
+        self.log.info("Reconnecting ...")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+        self._adb_connect()
+
+    def _adb_command(self, command: str, decode: bool = True) -> str:
+        """Execute an adb shell command.
+
+        :param command: Shell command to execute
+        :returns: Output of command
+
+        """
+        return self.device.shell(command, read_timeout_s=200.0, decode=decode)
+
+    def _adb_check_if_root(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if we have a `su` binary on the Android device.
+
+
+        :returns: Boolean indicating whether a `su` binary is present or not
+
+        """
+        result = self._adb_command("command -v su && su -c true")
+        return bool(result) and "Permission denied" not in result
+
+    def _adb_root_or_die(self) -> None:
+        """Check if we have a `su` binary, otherwise raise an Exception."""
+        if not self._adb_check_if_root():
+            raise InsufficientPrivileges(
+                "This module is optionally available "
+                "in case the device is already rooted."
+                " Do NOT root your own device!"
+            )
+
+    def _adb_command_as_root(self, command):
+        """Execute an adb shell command.
+
+        :param command: Shell command to execute as root
+        :returns: Output of command
+
+        """
+        return self._adb_command(f"su -c {command}")
+
+    def _adb_check_file_exists(self, file: str) -> bool:
+        """Verify that a file exists.
+
+        :param file: Path of the file
+        :returns: Boolean indicating whether the file exists or not
+
+        """
+
+        # TODO: Need to support checking files without root privileges as well.
+
+        # Check if we have root, if not raise an Exception.
+        self._adb_root_or_die()
+
+        return bool(self._adb_command_as_root(f"[ ! -f {file} ] || echo 1"))
+
+    def _adb_download(
+        self,
+        remote_path: str,
+        local_path: str,
+        progress_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        retry_root: Optional[bool] = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Download a file form the device.
+
+        :param remote_path: Path to download from the device
+        :param local_path: Path to where to locally store the copy of the file
+        :param progress_callback: Callback for download progress bar
+                                  (Default value = None)
+        :param retry_root: Default value = True)
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.device.pull(remote_path, local_path, progress_callback)
+        except AdbCommandFailureException as exc:
+            if retry_root:
+                self._adb_download_root(remote_path, local_path, progress_callback)
+            else:
+                raise Exception(
+                    f"Unable to download file {remote_path}: {exc}"
+                ) from exc
+
+    def _adb_download_root(
+        self,
+        remote_path: str,
+        local_path: str,
+        progress_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            # Check if we have root, if not raise an Exception.
+            self._adb_root_or_die()
+
+            # We generate a random temporary filename.
+            allowed_chars = (
+                string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
+            )
+            tmp_filename = "tmp_" + "".join(random.choices(allowed_chars, k=10))
+
+            # We create a temporary local file.
+            new_remote_path = f"/sdcard/{tmp_filename}"
+
+            # We copy the file from the data folder to /sdcard/.
+            cp_output = self._adb_command_as_root(f"cp {remote_path} {new_remote_path}")
+            if (
+                cp_output.startswith("cp: ")
+                and "No such file or directory" in cp_output
+            ):
+                raise Exception(f"Unable to process file {remote_path}: File not found")
+            if cp_output.startswith("cp: ") and "Permission denied" in cp_output:
+                raise Exception(
+                    f"Unable to process file {remote_path}: Permission denied"
+                )
+
+            # We download from /sdcard/ to the local temporary file.
+            # If it doesn't work now, don't try again (retry_root=False)
+            self._adb_download(
+                new_remote_path, local_path, progress_callback, retry_root=False
+            )
+
+            # Delete the copy on /sdcard/.
+            self._adb_command(f"rm -rf {new_remote_path}")
+
+        except AdbCommandFailureException as exc:
+            raise Exception(f"Unable to download file {remote_path}: {exc}") from exc
+
+    def _adb_process_file(self, remote_path: str, process_routine: Callable) -> None:
+        """Download a local copy of a file which is only accessible as root.
+        This is a wrapper around process_routine.
+
+        :param remote_path: Path of the file on the device to process
+        :param process_routine: Function to be called on the local copy of the
+                                downloaded file
+
+        """
+        # Connect to the device over adb.
+        # Check if we have root, if not raise an Exception.
+        self._adb_root_or_die()
+
+        # We create a temporary local file.
+        tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        local_path = tmp.name
+        local_name = os.path.basename(tmp.name)
+        new_remote_path = f"/sdcard/Download/{local_name}"
+
+        # We copy the file from the data folder to /sdcard/.
+        cp_output = self._adb_command_as_root(f"cp {remote_path} {new_remote_path}")
+        if cp_output.startswith("cp: ") and "No such file or directory" in cp_output:
+            raise Exception(f"Unable to process file {remote_path}: File not found")
+        if cp_output.startswith("cp: ") and "Permission denied" in cp_output:
+            raise Exception(f"Unable to process file {remote_path}: Permission denied")
+
+        # We download from /sdcard/ to the local temporary file.
+        self._adb_download(new_remote_path, local_path)
+
+        # Launch the provided process routine!
+        process_routine(local_path)
+
+        # Delete the local copy.
+        tmp.close()
+        # Delete the copy on /sdcard/.
+        self._adb_command(f"rm -f {new_remote_path}")
+
+    def _generate_backup(self, package_name: str) -> bytes:
+        self.log.info(
+            "Please check phone and accept Android backup prompt. "
+            "You may need to set a backup password. \a"
+        )
+
+        if self.module_options.get("backup_password", None):
+            self.log.warning(
+                "Backup password already set from command line or environment "
+                "variable. You should use the same password if enabling encryption!"
+            )
+
+        # TODO: Base64 encoding as temporary fix to avoid byte-mangling over
+        #       the shell transport...
+        cmd = f"/system/bin/bu backup -nocompress '{package_name}' | base64"
+        backup_output_b64 = self._adb_command(cmd)
+        backup_output = base64.b64decode(backup_output_b64)
+        header = parse_ab_header(backup_output)
+
+        if not header["backup"]:
+            self.log.error(
+                "Extracting SMS via Android backup failed. No valid backup data found."
+            )
+            return None
+
+        if header["encryption"] == "none":
+            return parse_backup_file(backup_output, password=None)
+
+        for _ in range(0, 3):
+            backup_password = prompt_or_load_android_backup_password(
+                self.log, self.module_options
+            )
+            if not backup_password:
+                # Fail as no backup password loaded for this encrypted backup
+                self.log.critical("No backup password provided.")
+            try:
+                decrypted_backup_tar = parse_backup_file(backup_output, backup_password)
+                return decrypted_backup_tar
+            except InvalidBackupPassword:
+                self.log.error("You provided the wrong password! Please try again...")
+
+        self.log.error("All attempts to decrypt backup with password failed!")
+
+        return None
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        """Run the main procedure."""
+        raise NotImplementedError

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/chrome_history.py

@@ -6,13 +6,8 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import sqlite3
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import (
-    ModuleAtomicResult,
-    ModuleResults,
-    ModuleSerializedResult,
-)
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_chrometime_to_datetime, convert_datetime_to_iso
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
@@ -30,7 +25,7 @@ class ChromeHistory(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -40,9 +35,9 @@ class ChromeHistory(AndroidExtraction):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.results: list = []
+        self.results = []
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         return {
             "timestamp": record["isodate"],
             "module": self.__class__.__name__,
@@ -56,11 +51,9 @@ class ChromeHistory(AndroidExtraction):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_url(result["url"])
+            if self.indicators.check_url(result["url"]):
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                continue
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
 
     def _parse_db(self, db_path: str) -> None:
         """Parse a Chrome History database file.

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_accessibility.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysAccessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts stats on accessibility."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys accessibility")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        for result in self.results:
+            self.log.info(
+                'Found installed accessibility service "%s"', result.get("service")
+            )
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Identified a total of %d accessibility services", len(self.results)
+        )

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_activities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_package_activities import (
+    DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact,
+)
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysActivities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.results = results if results else []
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys package")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self.log.info("Extracted %d package activities", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_adbstate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_adb import DumpsysADBArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysADBState(DumpsysADBArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts ADB keystore state."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys adb", decode=False)
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+        if self.results:
+            self.log.info(
+                "Identified a total of %d trusted ADB keys",
+                len(self.results[0].get("user_keys", [])),
+            )

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_appops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppopsArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysAppOps(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts records from App-op Manager."""
+
+    slug = "dumpsys_appops"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys appops")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Extracted a total of %d records from app-ops manager", len(self.results)
+        )

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_battery_daily.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysBatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys batterystats --daily")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Extracted %d records from battery daily stats", len(self.results)
+        )

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_battery_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysBatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts records from battery history events."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys batterystats --history")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self.log.info("Extracted %d records from battery history", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_dbinfo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfoArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysDBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
+
+    slug = "dumpsys_dbinfo"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys dbinfo")
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Extracted a total of %d records from database information",
+            len(self.results),
+        )

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_full.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import os
 from typing import Optional
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
 class DumpsysFull(AndroidExtraction):
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ class DumpsysFull(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/dumpsys_receivers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceiversArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidExtraction
+
+
+class DumpsysReceivers(DumpsysReceiversArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
+    """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.results = results if results else {}
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._adb_connect()
+
+        output = self._adb_command("dumpsys package")
+        self.parse(output)
+
+        self._adb_disconnect()
+        self.log.info("Extracted receivers for %d intents", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/files.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import os
 import stat
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_unix_to_iso
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ class Files(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -64,15 +63,11 @@ class Files(AndroidExtraction):
                     result["path"],
                 )
 
-            if self.indicators:
+            if self.indicators and self.indicators.check_file_path(result["path"]):
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_file_path(result["path"])
+                self.log.warning(
-                if ioc_match:
+                    'Found a known suspicous file at path: "%s"', result["path"]
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                )
-                        f'Found a known suspicious file at path: "{result["path"]}"',
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                        "",
-                        result,
-                        matched_indicator=ioc_match,
-                    )
 
     def backup_file(self, file_path: str) -> None:
         if not self.results_path:

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/getprop.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from typing import Optional
 from mvt.android.artifacts.getprop import GetProp as GetPropArtifact
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
 class Getprop(GetPropArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class Getprop(GetPropArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/logcat.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import os
 from typing import Optional
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
 class Logcat(AndroidExtraction):
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ class Logcat(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/packages.py

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import logging
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.progress import track
+from rich.table import Table
+from rich.text import Text
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackagesArtifact
 from mvt.android.utils import (
@@ -14,11 +19,7 @@ from mvt.android.utils import (
     SECURITY_PACKAGES,
     SYSTEM_UPDATE_PACKAGES,
 )
-from mvt.common.module_types import (
+from mvt.common.virustotal import VTNoKey, VTQuotaExceeded, virustotal_lookup
-    ModuleAtomicResult,
-    ModuleResults,
-    ModuleSerializedResult,
-)
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class Packages(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class Packages(AndroidExtraction):
         )
         self._user_needed = False
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         records = []
 
         timestamps = [
@@ -73,11 +74,11 @@ class Packages(AndroidExtraction):
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
         for result in self.results:
             if result["package_name"] in ROOT_PACKAGES:
-                self.alertstore.high(
+                self.log.warning(
-                    f'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "{result["package_name"]}"',
+                    'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "%s"',
-                    "",
+                    result["package_name"],
-                    result,
                 )
+                self.detected.append(result)
                 continue
 
             if result["package_name"] in SECURITY_PACKAGES and result["disabled"]:
@@ -94,71 +95,70 @@ class Packages(AndroidExtraction):
             if not self.indicators:
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result["package_name"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("package_name"))
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
+                continue
 
             for package_file in result.get("files", []):
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_file_hash(package_file["sha256"])
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_file_hash(package_file["sha256"])
-                if ioc_match:
+                if ioc:
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
+                    result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                        ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                    self.detected.append(result)
-                    )
 
-    # @staticmethod
+    @staticmethod
-    # def check_virustotal(packages: list) -> None:
+    def check_virustotal(packages: list) -> None:
-    #     hashes = []
+        hashes = []
-    #     for package in packages:
+        for package in packages:
-    #         for file in package.get("files", []):
+            for file in package.get("files", []):
-    #             if file["sha256"] not in hashes:
+                if file["sha256"] not in hashes:
-    #                 hashes.append(file["sha256"])
+                    hashes.append(file["sha256"])
 
-    #     total_hashes = len(hashes)
+        total_hashes = len(hashes)
-    #     detections = {}
+        detections = {}
 
-    #     progress_desc = f"Looking up {total_hashes} files..."
+        progress_desc = f"Looking up {total_hashes} files..."
-    #     for i in track(range(total_hashes), description=progress_desc):
+        for i in track(range(total_hashes), description=progress_desc):
-    #         try:
+            try:
-    #             results = virustotal_lookup(hashes[i])
+                results = virustotal_lookup(hashes[i])
-    #         except VTNoKey:
+            except VTNoKey:
-    #             return
+                return
-    #         except VTQuotaExceeded as exc:
+            except VTQuotaExceeded as exc:
-    #             print("Unable to continue: %s", exc)
+                print("Unable to continue: %s", exc)
-    #             break
+                break
 
-    #         if not results:
+            if not results:
-    #             continue
+                continue
 
-    #         positives = results["attributes"]["last_analysis_stats"]["malicious"]
+            positives = results["attributes"]["last_analysis_stats"]["malicious"]
-    #         total = len(results["attributes"]["last_analysis_results"])
+            total = len(results["attributes"]["last_analysis_results"])
 
-    #         detections[hashes[i]] = f"{positives}/{total}"
+            detections[hashes[i]] = f"{positives}/{total}"
 
-    #     table = Table(title="VirusTotal Packages Detections")
+        table = Table(title="VirusTotal Packages Detections")
-    #     table.add_column("Package name")
+        table.add_column("Package name")
-    #     table.add_column("File path")
+        table.add_column("File path")
-    #     table.add_column("Detections")
+        table.add_column("Detections")
 
-    #     for package in packages:
+        for package in packages:
-    #         for file in package.get("files", []):
+            for file in package.get("files", []):
-    #             row = [package["package_name"], file["path"]]
+                row = [package["package_name"], file["path"]]
 
-    #             if file["sha256"] in detections:
+                if file["sha256"] in detections:
-    #                 detection = detections[file["sha256"]]
+                    detection = detections[file["sha256"]]
-    #                 positives = detection.split("/")[0]
+                    positives = detection.split("/")[0]
-    #                 if int(positives) > 0:
+                    if int(positives) > 0:
-    #                     row.append(Text(detection, "red bold"))
+                        row.append(Text(detection, "red bold"))
-    #                 else:
+                    else:
-    #                     row.append(detection)
+                        row.append(detection)
-    #             else:
+                else:
-    #                 row.append("not found")
+                    row.append("not found")
 
-    #             table.add_row(*row)
+                table.add_row(*row)
 
-    #     console = Console()
+        console = Console()
-    #     console.print(table)
+        console.print(table)
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse_package_for_details(output: str) -> dict:

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/processes.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from typing import Optional
 from mvt.android.artifacts.processes import Processes as ProcessesArtifact
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
 class Processes(ProcessesArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class Processes(ProcessesArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/root_binaries.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
-
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
 
 
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ class RootBinaries(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -34,11 +32,8 @@ class RootBinaries(AndroidExtraction):
 
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
         for root_binary in self.results:
-            self.alertstore.high(
+            self.detected.append(root_binary)
-                f'Found root binary "{root_binary}"',
+            self.log.warning('Found root binary "%s"', root_binary)
-                "",
-                root_binary,
-            )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         root_binaries = [

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/selinux_status.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
-
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
 
 
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ class SELinuxStatus(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ class SELinuxStatus(AndroidExtraction):
             results=results,
         )
 
-        self.results: dict = {}
+        self.results = {} if not results else results
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         self._adb_connect()

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/settings.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.settings import Settings as SettingsArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class Settings(SettingsArtifact, AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/sms.py

@@ -6,15 +6,10 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import sqlite3
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from mvt.android.parsers.backup import AndroidBackupParsingError, parse_tar_for_sms
 from mvt.common.module import InsufficientPrivileges
-from mvt.common.module_types import (
-    ModuleAtomicResult,
-    ModuleResults,
-    ModuleSerializedResult,
-)
 from mvt.common.utils import check_for_links, convert_unix_to_iso
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
@@ -56,7 +51,7 @@ class SMS(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ class SMS(AndroidExtraction):
 
         self.sms_db_type = 0
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         body = record["body"].replace("\n", "\\n")
         return {
             "timestamp": record["isodate"],
@@ -90,11 +85,9 @@ class SMS(AndroidExtraction):
             if message_links == []:
                 message_links = check_for_links(message["body"])
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_urls(message_links)
+            if self.indicators.check_urls(message_links):
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(message)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                continue
-                    ioc_match.message, "", message, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
 
     def _parse_db(self, db_path: str) -> None:
         """Parse an Android bugle_db SMS database file.

src/mvt/android/modules/adb/whatsapp.py

@@ -7,13 +7,8 @@ import base64
 import logging
 import os
 import sqlite3
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
-from mvt.common.module_types import (
-    ModuleAtomicResult,
-    ModuleResults,
-    ModuleSerializedResult,
-)
 from mvt.common.utils import check_for_links, convert_unix_to_iso
 
 from .base import AndroidExtraction
@@ -31,7 +26,7 @@ class Whatsapp(AndroidExtraction):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -42,7 +37,7 @@ class Whatsapp(AndroidExtraction):
             results=results,
         )
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         text = record["data"].replace("\n", "\\n")
         return {
             "timestamp": record["isodate"],
@@ -60,11 +55,8 @@ class Whatsapp(AndroidExtraction):
                 continue
 
             message_links = check_for_links(message["data"])
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_urls(message_links)
+            if self.indicators.check_urls(message_links):
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(message)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    ioc_match.message, "", message, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
                 continue
 
     def _parse_db(self, db_path: str) -> None:

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/__init__.py

@@ -3,22 +3,38 @@
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
-from .aqf_files import AQFFiles
+from .dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibility
-from .aqf_getprop import AQFGetProp
+from .dumpsys_activities import DumpsysActivities
-from .aqf_packages import AQFPackages
+from .dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppops
-from .aqf_processes import AQFProcesses
+from .dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDaily
-from .aqf_settings import AQFSettings
+from .dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistory
-from .mounts import Mounts
+from .dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfo
-from .root_binaries import RootBinaries
+from .dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackages
+from .dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceivers
+from .dumpsys_adb import DumpsysADBState
+from .getprop import Getprop
+from .packages import Packages
+from .dumpsys_platform_compat import DumpsysPlatformCompat
+from .processes import Processes
+from .settings import Settings
 from .sms import SMS
+from .files import Files
 
 ANDROIDQF_MODULES = [
-    AQFPackages,
+    DumpsysActivities,
-    AQFProcesses,
+    DumpsysReceivers,
-    AQFGetProp,
+    DumpsysAccessibility,
-    AQFSettings,
+    DumpsysAppops,
-    AQFFiles,
+    DumpsysDBInfo,
+    DumpsysBatteryDaily,
+    DumpsysBatteryHistory,
+    DumpsysADBState,
+    Packages,
+    DumpsysPlatformCompat,
+    Processes,
+    Getprop,
+    Settings,
     SMS,
-    RootBinaries,
+    DumpsysPackages,
-    Mounts,
+    Files,
 ]

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/aqf_packages.py

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import json
-import logging
-from typing import Optional
-
-from mvt.android.utils import (
-    BROWSER_INSTALLERS,
-    PLAY_STORE_INSTALLERS,
-    ROOT_PACKAGES,
-    SECURITY_PACKAGES,
-    SYSTEM_UPDATE_PACKAGES,
-    THIRD_PARTY_STORE_INSTALLERS,
-)
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
-
-from .base import AndroidQFModule
-
-
-class AQFPackages(AndroidQFModule):
-    """This module examines the installed packages in packages.json"""
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            file_path=file_path,
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            log=log,
-            results=results,
-        )
-
-    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
-        for result in self.results:
-            if result["name"] in ROOT_PACKAGES:
-                self.alertstore.medium(
-                    f'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "{result["name"]}"',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-                continue
-
-            # Detections for apps installed via unusual methods.
-            if result["installer"] in THIRD_PARTY_STORE_INSTALLERS:
-                self.alertstore.info(
-                    f'Found a package installed via a third party store (installer="{result["installer"]}"): "{result["name"]}"',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-            elif result["installer"] in BROWSER_INSTALLERS:
-                self.alertstore.medium(
-                    f'Found a package installed via a browser (installer="{result["installer"]}"): "{result["name"]}"',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-            elif result["installer"] == "null" and result["system"] is False:
-                self.alertstore.high(
-                    f'Found a non-system package installed via adb or another method: "{result["name"]}"',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-            elif result["installer"] in PLAY_STORE_INSTALLERS:
-                pass
-
-            # Check for disabled security or software update packages.
-            package_disabled = result.get("disabled", None)
-            if result["name"] in SECURITY_PACKAGES and package_disabled:
-                self.alertstore.high(
-                    f'Security package "{result["name"]}" disabled on the phone',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-
-            if result["name"] in SYSTEM_UPDATE_PACKAGES and package_disabled:
-                self.alertstore.high(
-                    f'System OTA update package "{result["name"]}" disabled on the phone',
-                    "",
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-
-            if not self.indicators:
-                continue
-
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("name") or "")
-            if ioc_match:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
-
-            for package_file in result.get("files", []):
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_file_hash(
-                    package_file.get("sha256") or ""
-                )
-                if ioc_match:
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
-                        ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                    )
-                    self.alertstore.log_latest()
-
-                if "certificate" not in package_file:
-                    continue
-
-                # The keys generated by AndroidQF have a leading uppercase character.
-                for hash_type in ["Md5", "Sha1", "Sha256"]:
-                    certificate_hash = package_file["certificate"][hash_type]
-                    ioc_match = self.indicators.check_app_certificate_hash(
-                        certificate_hash
-                    )
-                    if ioc_match:
-                        self.alertstore.critical(
-                            ioc_match.message,
-                            "",
-                            result,
-                            matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc,
-                        )
-                        self.alertstore.log_latest()
-                        break
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        packages = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/packages.json")
-        if not packages:
-            self.log.error(
-                "packages.json file not found in this androidqf bundle. Possibly malformed?"
-            )
-            return
-
-        self.results = json.loads(self._get_file_content(packages[0]))
-        self.log.info("Found %d packages in packages.json", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/base.py

@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ import fnmatch
 import logging
 import os
 import zipfile
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
 class AndroidQFModule(MVTModule):
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ class AndroidQFModule(MVTModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Union[List[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -33,16 +32,16 @@ class AndroidQFModule(MVTModule):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.parent_path: Optional[str] = None
+        self.parent_path = None
-        self._path: Optional[str] = target_path
+        self._path: str = target_path
         self.files: List[str] = []
         self.archive: Optional[zipfile.ZipFile] = None
 
-    def from_dir(self, parent_path: str, files: List[str]) -> None:
+    def from_folder(self, parent_path: str, files: List[str]):
         self.parent_path = parent_path
         self.files = files
 
-    def from_zip(self, archive: zipfile.ZipFile, files: List[str]) -> None:
+    def from_zip_file(self, archive: zipfile.ZipFile, files: List[str]):
         self.archive = archive
         self.files = files
 

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_accessibility.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysAccessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module analyses dumpsys accessibility"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0]).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(data, "DUMP OF SERVICE accessibility:")
+        self.parse(content)
+
+        for result in self.results:
+            self.log.info(
+                'Found installed accessibility service "%s"', result.get("service")
+            )
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Identified a total of %d accessibility services", len(self.results)
+        )

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_activities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_package_activities import (
+    DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact,
+)
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysActivities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.results = results if results else []
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        # Get data and extract the dumpsys section
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0]).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(data, "DUMP OF SERVICE package:")
+        # Parse it
+        self.parse(content)
+
+        self.log.info("Extracted %d package activities", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_adb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_adb import DumpsysADBArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysADBState(DumpsysADBArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module extracts ADB keystore state."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        full_dumpsys = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            full_dumpsys,
+            b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:",
+            binary=True,
+        )
+        self.parse(content)
+        if self.results:
+            self.log.info(
+                "Identified a total of %d trusted ADB keys",
+                len(self.results[0].get("user_keys", [])),
+            )

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_appops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppopsArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysAppops(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        # Extract section
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE appops:"
+        )
+
+        # Parse it
+        self.parse(section)
+        self.log.info("Identified %d applications in AppOps Manager", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_battery_daily.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysBatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        # Extract section
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:"
+        )
+
+        # Parse it
+        self.parse(section)
+        self.log.info("Extracted a total of %d battery daily stats", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_battery_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysBatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        # Extract section
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:"
+        )
+
+        # Parse it
+        self.parse(section)
+        self.log.info("Extracted a total of %d battery daily stats", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_dbinfo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfoArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysDBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        # Extract dumpsys DBInfo section
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE dbinfo:"
+        )
+
+        # Parse it
+        self.parse(section)
+        self.log.info("Identified %d DB Info entries", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_packages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackagesArtifact
+from mvt.android.modules.adb.packages import (
+    DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS,
+    DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS_THRESHOLD,
+)
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysPackages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module analyse dumpsys packages"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if len(dumpsys_file) != 1:
+            self.log.info("Dumpsys file not found")
+            return
+
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0]).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(data, "DUMP OF SERVICE package:")
+        self.parse(content)
+
+        for result in self.results:
+            dangerous_permissions_count = 0
+            for perm in result["permissions"]:
+                if perm["name"] in DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS:
+                    dangerous_permissions_count += 1
+
+            if dangerous_permissions_count >= DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS_THRESHOLD:
+                self.log.info(
+                    'Found package "%s" requested %d potentially dangerous permissions',
+                    result["package_name"],
+                    dangerous_permissions_count,
+                )
+
+        self.log.info("Extracted details on %d packages", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_platform_compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_platform_compat import DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysPlatformCompat(DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module extracts details on uninstalled apps."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0]).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(data, "DUMP OF SERVICE platform_compat:")
+        self.parse(content)
+
+        self.log.info("Found %d uninstalled apps", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/dumpsys_receivers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceiversArtifact
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class DumpsysReceivers(DumpsysReceiversArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module analyse dumpsys receivers"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Union[List[Any], Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.results = results if results else {}
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        dumpsys_file = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+        if not dumpsys_file:
+            return
+        data = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_file[0])
+
+        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
+        )
+
+        self.parse(dumpsys_section)
+
+        self.log.info("Extracted receivers for %d intents", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/files.py

@@ -10,15 +10,10 @@ import logging
 try:
     import zoneinfo
 except ImportError:
-    from backports import zoneinfo  # type: ignore
+    from backports import zoneinfo
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from mvt.android.modules.androidqf.base import AndroidQFModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import (
-    ModuleAtomicResult,
-    ModuleResults,
-    ModuleSerializedResult,
-)
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_datetime_to_iso
 
 SUSPICIOUS_PATHS = [
@@ -26,13 +21,8 @@ SUSPICIOUS_PATHS = [
 ]
 
 
-class AQFFiles(AndroidQFModule):
+class Files(AndroidQFModule):
-    """
+    """This module analyse list of files"""
-    This module analyzes the files.json dump generated by AndroidQF.
-
-    The format needs to be kept in sync with the AndroidQF module code.
-    https://github.com/mvt-project/androidqf/blob/main/android-collector/cmd/find.go#L28
-    """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -41,7 +31,7 @@ class AQFFiles(AndroidQFModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -52,7 +42,7 @@ class AQFFiles(AndroidQFModule):
             results=results,
         )
 
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
+    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> Union[dict, list]:
         records = []
 
         for ts in set(
@@ -87,12 +77,10 @@ class AQFFiles(AndroidQFModule):
             return
 
         for result in self.results:
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_file_path(result["path"])
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_file_path(result["path"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
-                self.alertstore.log_latest()
                 continue
 
             # NOTE: Update with final path used for Android collector.
@@ -105,18 +93,20 @@ class AQFFiles(AndroidQFModule):
                     if self.file_is_executable(result["mode"]):
                         file_type = "executable "
 
-                    msg = f'Found {file_type}file at suspicious path "{result["path"]}"'
+                    self.log.warning(
-                    self.alertstore.high(msg, "", result)
+                        'Found %sfile at suspicious path "%s".',
-                    self.alertstore.log_latest()
+                        file_type,
+                        result["path"],
+                    )
+                    self.detected.append(result)
 
             if result.get("sha256", "") == "":
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_file_hash(result.get("sha256") or "")
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_file_hash(result["sha256"])
-            if ioc_match:
+            if ioc:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
-                    ioc_match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
-                )
 
             # TODO: adds SHA1 and MD5 when available in MVT
 

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/getprop.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.getprop import GetProp as GetPropArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import AndroidQFModule
 
 
-class AQFGetProp(GetPropArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+class Getprop(GetPropArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
     """This module extracts data from get properties."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class AQFGetProp(GetPropArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class AQFGetProp(GetPropArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.results: list = []
+        self.results = []
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         getprop_files = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/getprop.txt")

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/logfile_timestamps.py

@@ -3,22 +3,20 @@
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
+import os
 import datetime
 import logging
-import os
 from typing import Optional
 
-from mvt.android.artifacts.file_timestamps import FileTimestampsArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_datetime_to_iso
-
 from .base import AndroidQFModule
+from mvt.android.artifacts.file_timestamps import FileTimestampsArtifact
 
 
-class AQFLogTimestamps(FileTimestampsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+class LogsFileTimestamps(FileTimestampsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
-    """This module creates timeline for log files extracted by AQF."""
+    """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
 
-    slug = "aqf_log_timestamps"
+    slug = "logfile_timestamps"
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ class AQFLogTimestamps(FileTimestampsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -38,13 +36,11 @@ class AQFLogTimestamps(FileTimestampsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
             results=results,
         )
 
-    def _get_file_modification_time(self, file_path: str) -> datetime.datetime:
+    def _get_file_modification_time(self, file_path: str) -> dict:
         if self.archive:
             file_timetuple = self.archive.getinfo(file_path).date_time
             return datetime.datetime(*file_timetuple)
         else:
-            if not self.parent_path:
-                raise ValueError("parent_path is not set")
             file_stat = os.stat(os.path.join(self.parent_path, file_path))
             return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(file_stat.st_mtime)
 

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/mounts.py

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import json
-import logging
-from typing import Optional
-
-from mvt.android.artifacts.mounts import Mounts as MountsArtifact
-
-from .base import AndroidQFModule
-
-
-class Mounts(MountsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
-    """This module extracts and analyzes mount information from AndroidQF acquisitions."""
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: Optional[list] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            file_path=file_path,
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            log=log,
-            results=results,
-        )
-        self.results: list = []
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Run the mounts analysis module.
-
-        This module looks for mount information files collected by androidqf
-        and analyzes them for suspicious configurations, particularly focusing
-        on detecting root access indicators like /system mounted as read-write.
-        """
-        mount_files = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/mounts.json")
-
-        if not mount_files:
-            self.log.info("No mount information file found")
-            return
-
-        self.log.info("Found mount information file: %s", mount_files[0])
-
-        try:
-            data = self._get_file_content(mount_files[0]).decode(
-                "utf-8", errors="replace"
-            )
-        except Exception as exc:
-            self.log.error("Failed to read mount information file: %s", exc)
-            return
-
-        # Parse the mount data
-        try:
-            json_data = json.loads(data)
-
-            if isinstance(json_data, list):
-                # AndroidQF format: array of strings like
-                # "/dev/block/dm-12 on / type ext4 (ro,seclabel,noatime)"
-                mount_content = "\n".join(json_data)
-            self.parse(mount_content)
-        except Exception as exc:
-            self.log.error("Failed to parse mount information: %s", exc)
-            return
-
-        self.log.info("Extracted a total of %d mount entries", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/packages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import json
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.utils import (
+    BROWSER_INSTALLERS,
+    PLAY_STORE_INSTALLERS,
+    ROOT_PACKAGES,
+    THIRD_PARTY_STORE_INSTALLERS,
+    SECURITY_PACKAGES,
+    SYSTEM_UPDATE_PACKAGES,
+)
+
+from .base import AndroidQFModule
+
+
+class Packages(AndroidQFModule):
+    """This module examines the installed packages in packages.json"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
+        for result in self.results:
+            if result["name"] in ROOT_PACKAGES:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'Found an installed package related to rooting/jailbreaking: "%s"',
+                    result["name"],
+                )
+                self.detected.append(result)
+                continue
+
+            # Detections for apps installed via unusual methods
+            if result["installer"] in THIRD_PARTY_STORE_INSTALLERS:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'Found a package installed via a third party store (installer="%s"): "%s"',
+                    result["installer"],
+                    result["name"],
+                )
+            elif result["installer"] in BROWSER_INSTALLERS:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'Found a package installed via a browser (installer="%s"): "%s"',
+                    result["installer"],
+                    result["name"],
+                )
+                self.detected.append(result)
+            elif result["installer"] == "null" and result["system"] is False:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'Found a non-system package installed via adb or another method: "%s"',
+                    result["name"],
+                )
+                self.detected.append(result)
+            elif result["installer"] in PLAY_STORE_INSTALLERS:
+                pass
+
+            # Check for disabled security or software update packages
+            package_disabled = result.get("disabled", None)
+            if result["name"] in SECURITY_PACKAGES and package_disabled:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'Security package "%s" disabled on the phone', result["name"]
+                )
+
+            if result["name"] in SYSTEM_UPDATE_PACKAGES and package_disabled:
+                self.log.warning(
+                    'System OTA update package "%s" disabled on the phone',
+                    result["name"],
+                )
+
+            if not self.indicators:
+                continue
+
+            ioc = self.indicators.check_app_id(result.get("name"))
+            if ioc:
+                result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
+                self.detected.append(result)
+
+            for package_file in result.get("files", []):
+                ioc = self.indicators.check_file_hash(package_file["sha256"])
+                if ioc:
+                    result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
+                    self.detected.append(result)
+
+                if "certificate" not in package_file:
+                    continue
+
+                # The keys generated by AndroidQF have a leading uppercase character
+                for hash_type in ["Md5", "Sha1", "Sha256"]:
+                    certificate_hash = package_file["certificate"][hash_type]
+                    ioc = self.indicators.check_app_certificate_hash(certificate_hash)
+                    if ioc:
+                        result["matched_indicator"] = ioc
+                        self.detected.append(result)
+                        break
+
+        # Deduplicate the detected packages
+        dedupe_detected_dict = {str(item): item for item in self.detected}
+        self.detected = list(dedupe_detected_dict.values())
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        packages = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/packages.json")
+        if not packages:
+            self.log.error(
+                "packages.json file not found in this androidqf bundle. Possibly malformed?"
+            )
+            return
+
+        self.results = json.loads(self._get_file_content(packages[0]))
+        self.log.info("Found %d packages in packages.json", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/processes.py

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ from typing import Optional
 from mvt.android.artifacts.processes import Processes as ProcessesArtifact
 
 from .base import AndroidQFModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
-class AQFProcesses(ProcessesArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+class Processes(ProcessesArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
     """This module analyse running processes"""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class AQFProcesses(ProcessesArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/root_binaries.py

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import json
-import logging
-from typing import Optional
-
-from .base import AndroidQFModule
-
-
-class RootBinaries(AndroidQFModule):
-    """This module analyzes root_binaries.json for root binaries found by androidqf."""
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: Optional[list] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            file_path=file_path,
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            log=log,
-            results=results,
-        )
-
-    def serialize(self, record: dict) -> dict:
-        return {
-            "timestamp": record.get("timestamp"),
-            "module": self.__class__.__name__,
-            "event": "root_binary_found",
-            "data": f"Root binary found: {record['path']} (binary: {record['binary_name']})",
-        }
-
-    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
-        """Check for indicators of device rooting."""
-        if not self.results:
-            return
-
-        # All found root binaries are considered indicators of rooting
-        for result in self.results:
-            self.alertstore.high(
-                f'Found root binary "{result["binary_name"]}" at path "{result["path"]}"',
-                "",
-                result,
-            )
-            self.alertstore.log_latest()
-
-        if self.results:
-            self.log.warning(
-                "Device shows signs of rooting with %d root binaries found",
-                len(self.results),
-            )
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        """Run the root binaries analysis."""
-        root_binaries_files = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/root_binaries.json")
-
-        if not root_binaries_files:
-            self.log.info("No root_binaries.json file found")
-            return
-
-        rawdata = self._get_file_content(root_binaries_files[0]).decode(
-            "utf-8", errors="ignore"
-        )
-
-        try:
-            root_binary_paths = json.loads(rawdata)
-        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
-            self.log.error("Failed to parse root_binaries.json: %s", e)
-            return
-
-        if not isinstance(root_binary_paths, list):
-            self.log.error("Expected root_binaries.json to contain a list of paths")
-            return
-
-        # Known root binary names that might be found and their descriptions
-        # This maps the binary name to a human-readable description
-        known_root_binaries = {
-            "su": "SuperUser binary",
-            "busybox": "BusyBox utilities",
-            "supersu": "SuperSU root management",
-            "Superuser.apk": "Superuser app",
-            "KingoUser.apk": "KingRoot app",
-            "SuperSu.apk": "SuperSU app",
-            "magisk": "Magisk root framework",
-            "magiskhide": "Magisk hide utility",
-            "magiskinit": "Magisk init binary",
-            "magiskpolicy": "Magisk policy binary",
-        }
-
-        for path in root_binary_paths:
-            if not path or not isinstance(path, str):
-                continue
-
-            # Extract binary name from path
-            binary_name = path.split("/")[-1].lower()
-
-            # Check if this matches a known root binary by exact name match
-            description = "Unknown root binary"
-            for known_binary in known_root_binaries:
-                if binary_name == known_binary.lower():
-                    description = known_root_binaries[known_binary]
-                    break
-
-            result = {
-                "path": path.strip(),
-                "binary_name": binary_name,
-                "description": description,
-            }
-
-            self.results.append(result)
-
-        self.log.info("Found %d root binaries", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/settings.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.settings import Settings as SettingsArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import AndroidQFModule
 
 
-class AQFSettings(SettingsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
+class Settings(SettingsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
     """This module analyse setting files"""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class AQFSettings(SettingsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class AQFSettings(SettingsArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.results: dict = {}
+        self.results = {}
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         for setting_file in self._get_files_by_pattern("*/settings_*.txt"):

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/sms.py

@@ -19,13 +19,7 @@ from .base import AndroidQFModule
 
 
 class SMS(AndroidQFModule):
-    """
+    """This module analyse SMS file in backup"""
-    This module analyse SMS file in backup
-
-    XXX: We should also de-duplicate this AQF module, but first we
-    need to add tests for loading encrypted SMS backups through the backup
-    sub-module.
-    """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -53,11 +47,8 @@ class SMS(AndroidQFModule):
             if "body" not in message:
                 continue
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_domains(message.get("links", []))
+            if self.indicators.check_domains(message.get("links", [])):
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(message)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    ioc_match.message, "", message, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
 
     def parse_backup(self, data):
         header = parse_ab_header(data)

src/mvt/android/modules/backup/base.py

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import os
 from tarfile import TarFile
 from typing import List, Optional
 
-from mvt.common.module import ModuleResults, MVTModule
+from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
 
 
-class BackupModule(MVTModule):
+class BackupExtraction(MVTModule):
     """This class provides a base for all backup extractios modules"""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class BackupModule(MVTModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ class BackupModule(MVTModule):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.ab: Optional[str] = None
+        self.ab = None
-        self.backup_path: Optional[str] = None
+        self.backup_path = None
-        self.tar: Optional[TarFile] = None
+        self.tar = None
-        self.files: list = []
+        self.files = []
 
-    def from_dir(self, backup_path: Optional[str], files: List[str]) -> None:
+    def from_folder(self, backup_path: Optional[str], files: List[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        Get all the files and list them
+        """
         self.backup_path = backup_path
         self.files = files
 
@@ -55,19 +58,14 @@ class BackupModule(MVTModule):
         return fnmatch.filter(self.files, pattern)
 
     def _get_file_content(self, file_path: str) -> bytes:
-        handle = None
+        if self.ab:
-        if self.tar:
             try:
                 member = self.tar.getmember(file_path)
-                handle = self.tar.extractfile(member)
-                if not handle:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Could not extract file: {file_path}")
             except KeyError:
-                raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found in tar: {file_path}")
+                return None
-        elif self.backup_path:
+            handle = self.tar.extractfile(member)
-            handle = open(os.path.join(self.backup_path, file_path), "rb")
         else:
-            raise ValueError("No backup path or tar file provided")
+            handle = open(os.path.join(self.backup_path, file_path), "rb")
 
         data = handle.read()
         handle.close()

src/mvt/android/modules/backup/sms.py

@@ -4,15 +4,14 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import logging
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
-from mvt.android.modules.backup.base import BackupModule
+from mvt.android.modules.backup.base import BackupExtraction
 from mvt.android.parsers.backup import parse_sms_file
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 from mvt.common.utils import check_for_links
 
 
-class SMS(BackupModule):
+class SMS(BackupExtraction):
     def __init__(
         self,
         file_path: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ class SMS(BackupModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ class SMS(BackupModule):
             log=log,
             results=results,
         )
-        self.results: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        self.results = []
 
     def check_indicators(self) -> None:
         if not self.indicators:
@@ -44,23 +43,20 @@ class SMS(BackupModule):
             if message_links == []:
                 message_links = check_for_links(message.get("text", ""))
 
-            ioc_match = self.indicators.check_urls(message_links)
+            if self.indicators.check_urls(message_links):
-            if ioc_match:
+                self.detected.append(message)
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    ioc_match.message, "", message, matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc
-                )
                 continue
 
     def run(self) -> None:
         sms_path = "apps/com.android.providers.telephony/d_f/*_sms_backup"
         for file in self._get_files_by_pattern(sms_path):
-            self.log.debug("Processing SMS backup file at %s", file)
+            self.log.info("Processing SMS backup file at %s", file)
             data = self._get_file_content(file)
             self.results.extend(parse_sms_file(data))
 
         mms_path = "apps/com.android.providers.telephony/d_f/*_mms_backup"
         for file in self._get_files_by_pattern(mms_path):
-            self.log.debug("Processing MMS backup file at %s", file)
+            self.log.info("Processing MMS backup file at %s", file)
             data = self._get_file_content(file)
             self.results.extend(parse_sms_file(data))
 

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/__init__.py

@@ -3,31 +3,31 @@
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
-from .dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibility
+from .accessibility import Accessibility
-from .dumpsys_activities import DumpsysActivities
+from .activities import Activities
-from .dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppops
+from .appops import Appops
-from .dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDaily
+from .battery_daily import BatteryDaily
-from .dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistory
+from .battery_history import BatteryHistory
-from .dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfo
+from .dbinfo import DBInfo
-from .dumpsys_getprop import DumpsysGetProp
+from .getprop import Getprop
-from .dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackages
+from .packages import Packages
-from .dumpsys_platform_compat import DumpsysPlatformCompat
+from .platform_compat import PlatformCompat
-from .dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceivers
+from .receivers import Receivers
-from .dumpsys_adb_state import DumpsysADBState
+from .adb_state import DumpsysADBState
 from .fs_timestamps import BugReportTimestamps
 from .tombstones import Tombstones
 
 BUGREPORT_MODULES = [
-    DumpsysAccessibility,
+    Accessibility,
-    DumpsysActivities,
+    Activities,
-    DumpsysAppops,
+    Appops,
-    DumpsysBatteryDaily,
+    BatteryDaily,
-    DumpsysBatteryHistory,
+    BatteryHistory,
-    DumpsysDBInfo,
+    DBInfo,
-    DumpsysGetProp,
+    Getprop,
-    DumpsysPackages,
+    Packages,
-    DumpsysPlatformCompat,
+    PlatformCompat,
-    DumpsysReceivers,
+    Receivers,
     DumpsysADBState,
     BugReportTimestamps,
     Tombstones,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/accessibility.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_accessibility import DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysAccessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class Accessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts stats on accessibility."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysAccessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/activities.py

@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ from typing import Optional
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_package_activities import (
     DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact,
 )
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysActivities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class Activities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ class DumpsysActivities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/adb_state.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_adb import DumpsysADBArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysADBState(DumpsysADBArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/appops.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppopsArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysAppops(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class Appops(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts information on package from App-Ops Manager."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysAppops(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/base.py

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ import datetime
 import fnmatch
 import logging
 import os
+
 from typing import List, Optional
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
-from mvt.common.module import ModuleResults, MVTModule
+from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
 
 
 class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -38,7 +39,9 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
         self.extract_files: List[str] = []
         self.zip_files: List[str] = []
 
-    def from_dir(self, extract_path: str, extract_files: List[str]) -> None:
+    def from_folder(
+        self, extract_path: Optional[str], extract_files: List[str]
+    ) -> None:
         self.extract_path = extract_path
         self.extract_files = extract_files
 
@@ -68,8 +71,6 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
         if self.zip_archive:
             handle = self.zip_archive.open(file_path)
         else:
-            if not self.extract_path:
-                raise ValueError("extract_path is not set")
             handle = open(os.path.join(self.extract_path, file_path), "rb")
 
         data = handle.read()
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
 
         return data
 
-    def _get_dumpstate_file(self) -> Optional[bytes]:
+    def _get_dumpstate_file(self) -> bytes:
         main = self._get_files_by_pattern("main_entry.txt")
         if main:
             main_content = self._get_file_content(main[0])
@@ -85,23 +86,17 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
                 return self._get_file_content(main_content.decode().strip())
             except KeyError:
                 return None
+        else:
+            dumpstate_logs = self._get_files_by_pattern("dumpState_*.log")
+            if not dumpstate_logs:
+                return None
 
-        dumpstate_logs = self._get_files_by_pattern("dumpState_*.log")
-        if dumpstate_logs:
             return self._get_file_content(dumpstate_logs[0])
 
-        dumpsys_files = self._get_files_by_pattern("*/dumpsys.txt")
+    def _get_file_modification_time(self, file_path: str) -> dict:
-        if dumpsys_files:
-            return self._get_file_content(dumpsys_files[0])
-
-        return None
-
-    def _get_file_modification_time(self, file_path: str) -> datetime.datetime:
         if self.zip_archive:
             file_timetuple = self.zip_archive.getinfo(file_path).date_time
             return datetime.datetime(*file_timetuple)
         else:
-            if not self.extract_path:
-                raise ValueError("extract_path is not set")
             file_stat = os.stat(os.path.join(self.extract_path, file_path))
             return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(file_stat.st_mtime)

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/battery_daily.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_daily import DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysBatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class BatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysBatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/battery_history.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_battery_history import DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysBatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class BatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysBatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dbinfo.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_dbinfo import DumpsysDBInfoArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysDBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class DBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts records from battery daily updates."""
 
     slug = "dbinfo"
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ class DumpsysDBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_receivers.py

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import logging
-from typing import Optional
-
-from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceiversArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
-
-from .base import BugReportModule
-
-
-class DumpsysReceivers(DumpsysReceiversArtifact, BugReportModule):
-    """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            file_path=file_path,
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            log=log,
-            results=results,
-        )
-
-        self.results = results if results else {}
-
-    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
-        for result in self.results:
-            if self.indicators:
-                receiver_name = self.results[result][0]["receiver"]
-
-                # return IoC if the stix2 process name a substring of the receiver name
-                ioc_match = self.indicators.check_receiver_prefix(receiver_name)
-                if ioc_match:
-                    self.results[result][0]["matched_indicator"] = ioc_match.ioc
-                    self.alertstore.critical(
-                        ioc_match.message,
-                        "",
-                        self.results[result][0],
-                        matched_indicator=ioc_match.ioc,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
-            self.log.error(
-                "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
-                "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
-            )
-            return
-
-        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
-        )
-
-        self.parse(dumpsys_section)
-        self.log.info("Extracted receivers for %d intents", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/fs_timestamps.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.common.utils import convert_datetime_to_iso
 from .base import BugReportModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 from mvt.android.artifacts.file_timestamps import FileTimestampsArtifact
 
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ class BugReportTimestamps(FileTimestampsArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/getprop.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.getprop import GetProp as GetPropArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysGetProp(GetPropArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class Getprop(GetPropArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts device properties from getprop command."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysGetProp(GetPropArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/packages.py

@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@ from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackagesArtifact
 from mvt.android.utils import DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS, DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS_THRESHOLD
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
-class DumpsysPackages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class Packages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ class DumpsysPackages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,
@@ -43,9 +42,8 @@ class DumpsysPackages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, BugReportModule):
             )
             return
 
-        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+        data = data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
-            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
+        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(data, "DUMP OF SERVICE package:")
-        )
         self.parse(content)
 
         for result in self.results:

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/platform_compat.py

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ from typing import Optional
 from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_platform_compat import DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact
 
 from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.base import BugReportModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 
 
-class DumpsysPlatformCompat(DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact, BugReportModule):
+class PlatformCompat(DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact, BugReportModule):
     """This module extracts details on uninstalled apps."""
 
     def __init__(
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class DumpsysPlatformCompat(DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/receivers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
+# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
+#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
+from mvt.android.artifacts.dumpsys_receivers import DumpsysReceiversArtifact
+
+from .base import BugReportModule
+
+
+class Receivers(DumpsysReceiversArtifact, BugReportModule):
+    """This module extracts details on receivers for risky activities."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            file_path=file_path,
+            target_path=target_path,
+            results_path=results_path,
+            module_options=module_options,
+            log=log,
+            results=results,
+        )
+
+        self.results = results if results else {}
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
+        if not content:
+            self.log.error(
+                "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
+                "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
+            )
+            return
+
+        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
+            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
+        )
+
+        self.parse(dumpsys_section)
+        self.log.info("Extracted receivers for %d intents", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/tombstones.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import logging
 from typing import Optional
 
 from mvt.android.artifacts.tombstone_crashes import TombstoneCrashArtifact
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
 from .base import BugReportModule
 
 
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ class Tombstones(TombstoneCrashArtifact, BugReportModule):
         results_path: Optional[str] = None,
         module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
         log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: ModuleResults = [],
+        results: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             file_path=file_path,

src/mvt/android/parsers/backup.py

@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ def parse_sms_file(data):
             entry.pop("mms_body")
 
         body = entry.get("body", None)
-        message_links = None
         if body:
             message_links = check_for_links(entry["body"])
 

src/mvt/android/utils.py

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from typing import List
 
 
-def warn_android_patch_level(patch_level: str, log) -> str | bool:
+def warn_android_patch_level(patch_level: str, log) -> bool:
     """Alert if Android patch level out-of-date"""
     patch_date = datetime.strptime(patch_level, "%Y-%m-%d")
     if (datetime.now() - patch_date) > timedelta(days=6 * 31):
-        warning_message = (
+        log.warning(
-            f"This phone has not received security updates "
+            "This phone has not received security updates "
-            f"for more than six months (last update: {patch_level})."
+            "for more than six months (last update: %s)",
+            patch_level,
         )
-        return warning_message
+        return True
 
     return False
 

src/mvt/common/alerts.py

@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2025 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import csv
-import inspect
-import logging
-from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
-from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
-
-from .log import CRITICAL_ALERT, HIGH_ALERT, INFO_ALERT, LOW_ALERT, MEDIUM_ALERT
-from .module_types import ModuleAtomicResult
-
-
-class AlertLevel(Enum):
-    INFORMATIONAL = 0
-    LOW = 10
-    MEDIUM = 20
-    HIGH = 30
-    CRITICAL = 40
-
-
-@dataclass
-class Alert:
-    level: AlertLevel
-    module: str
-    message: str
-    event_time: str
-    event: ModuleAtomicResult
-    matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None
-
-
-class AlertStore:
-    def __init__(self, log: Optional[logging.Logger] = None) -> None:
-        self.__alerts: List[Alert] = []
-        self.__log = log
-
-    def _get_calling_module(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Automatically detect the calling MVT module and return its slug.
-
-        Walks up the call stack to find the first frame that belongs to an MVT module
-        (artifact or extraction module) and extracts its slug.
-
-        :return: Module slug string
-        """
-        frame = inspect.currentframe()
-        try:
-            # Walk up the call stack
-            while frame is not None:
-                frame = frame.f_back
-                if frame is None:
-                    break
-
-                # Get the 'self' object from the frame's local variables
-                frame_locals = frame.f_locals
-                if "self" in frame_locals:
-                    obj = frame_locals["self"]
-                    # Check if it has a get_slug method (MVT modules have this)
-                    if hasattr(obj, "get_slug") and callable(obj.get_slug):
-                        try:
-                            return str(obj.get_slug())
-                        except Exception:
-                            pass
-
-            # Fallback: return "unknown" if we can't find the module
-            return "unknown"
-        finally:
-            del frame
-
-    @property
-    def alerts(self) -> List[Alert]:
-        return self.__alerts
-
-    def add(self, alert: Alert) -> None:
-        self.__alerts.append(alert)
-        self.log(alert)
-
-    def extend(self, alerts: List[Alert]) -> None:
-        for alert in alerts:
-            self.add(alert)
-
-    def info(
-        self,
-        message: str,
-        event_time: str,
-        event: ModuleAtomicResult,
-        matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None,
-    ):
-        self.add(
-            Alert(
-                level=AlertLevel.INFORMATIONAL,
-                module=self._get_calling_module(),
-                message=message,
-                event_time=event_time,
-                event=event,
-                matched_indicator=matched_indicator,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def low(
-        self,
-        message: str,
-        event_time: str,
-        event: ModuleAtomicResult,
-        matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None,
-    ):
-        self.add(
-            Alert(
-                level=AlertLevel.LOW,
-                module=self._get_calling_module(),
-                message=message,
-                event_time=event_time,
-                event=event,
-                matched_indicator=matched_indicator,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def medium(
-        self,
-        message: str,
-        event_time: str,
-        event: ModuleAtomicResult,
-        matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None,
-    ):
-        self.add(
-            Alert(
-                level=AlertLevel.MEDIUM,
-                module=self._get_calling_module(),
-                message=message,
-                event_time=event_time,
-                event=event,
-                matched_indicator=matched_indicator,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def high(
-        self,
-        message: str,
-        event_time: str,
-        event: ModuleAtomicResult,
-        matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None,
-    ):
-        self.add(
-            Alert(
-                level=AlertLevel.HIGH,
-                module=self._get_calling_module(),
-                message=message,
-                event_time=event_time,
-                event=event,
-                matched_indicator=matched_indicator,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def critical(
-        self,
-        message: str,
-        event_time: str,
-        event: ModuleAtomicResult,
-        matched_indicator: Optional[Any] = None,
-    ):
-        self.add(
-            Alert(
-                level=AlertLevel.CRITICAL,
-                module=self._get_calling_module(),
-                message=message,
-                event_time=event_time,
-                event=event,
-                matched_indicator=matched_indicator,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def log(self, alert: Alert) -> None:
-        if not self.__log:
-            return
-
-        if not alert.message:
-            return
-
-        if alert.level == AlertLevel.INFORMATIONAL:
-            self.__log.log(INFO_ALERT, alert.message)
-        elif alert.level == AlertLevel.LOW:
-            self.__log.log(LOW_ALERT, alert.message)
-        elif alert.level == AlertLevel.MEDIUM:
-            self.__log.log(MEDIUM_ALERT, alert.message)
-        elif alert.level == AlertLevel.HIGH:
-            self.__log.log(HIGH_ALERT, alert.message)
-        elif alert.level == AlertLevel.CRITICAL:
-            self.__log.log(CRITICAL_ALERT, alert.message)
-
-    def log_latest(self) -> None:
-        self.log(self.__alerts[-1])
-
-    def count(self, level: AlertLevel) -> int:
-        count = 0
-        for alert in self.__alerts:
-            if alert.level == level:
-                count += 1
-
-        return count
-
-    def as_json(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        alerts = []
-        for alert in self.__alerts:
-            alert_dict = asdict(alert)
-            # This is required because an Enum is not JSON serializable.
-            alert_dict["level"] = alert.level.name
-            alerts.append(alert_dict)
-
-        return alerts
-
-    def save_timeline(self, timeline_path: str) -> None:
-        with open(timeline_path, "a+", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
-            csvoutput = csv.writer(
-                handle,
-                delimiter=",",
-                quotechar='"',
-                quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL,
-                escapechar="\\",
-            )
-            csvoutput.writerow(["Event Time", "Module", "Message", "Event"])
-
-            timed_alerts = []
-            for alert in self.alerts:
-                if not alert.event_time:
-                    continue
-
-                timed_alerts.append(asdict(alert))
-
-            for event in sorted(
-                timed_alerts,
-                key=lambda x: x["event_time"] if x["event_time"] is not None else "",
-            ):
-                csvoutput.writerow(
-                    [
-                        event.get("event_time"),
-                        event.get("module"),
-                        event.get("message"),
-                        event.get("event"),
-                    ]
-                )

src/mvt/common/artifact.py

@@ -2,11 +2,27 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2021-2023 The MVT Authors.
 # Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-from .module import MVTModule
 
 
-class Artifact(MVTModule):
+class Artifact:
-    """Base class for artifacts.
-
-    XXX: Inheriting from MVTModule to have the same signature as other modules. Not sure if this is a good idea.
     """
+    Main artifact class
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.results = []
+        self.detected = []
+        self.indicators = None
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def parse(self, entry: str):
+        """
+        Parse the artifact, adds the parsed information to self.results
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
+        """Check the results of this module against a provided list of
+        indicators coming from self.indicators
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError