Added RA GPIO Output

2026-04-01 09:00:18 +02:00 · 2025-10-05 08:30:01 -07:00
parent 1b05159721
commit 6218389092
35 changed files with 2592 additions and 160 deletions
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.gitignore
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,2 @@
-.idea
-_deps
-cmake-*
 build
-.DS_Store
+!.vscode/*
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/.cortex-debug.peripherals.state.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/.cortex-debug.peripherals.state.json
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[]
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/.cortex-debug.registers.state.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/.cortex-debug.registers.state.json
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[]
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 {
-  "configurations": [
-    {
-      "name": "Pico",
-      "includePath": [
-        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
-        "${env:PICO_SDK_PATH}/**"
-      ],
-      "defines": [],
-      "compilerPath": "${env:PICO_INSTALL_PATH}/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe",
-      "cStandard": "c11",
-      "cppStandard": "c++11",
-      "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm",
-      "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
-    }
-  ],
-  "version": 4
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Pico",
+            "includePath": [
+                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
+                "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/**"
+            ],
+            "forcedInclude": [
+                "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/src/common/pico_base_headers/include/pico.h",
+                "${workspaceFolder}/build/generated/pico_base/pico/config_autogen.h"
+            ],
+            "defines": [],
+            "compilerPath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe",
+            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/build/compile_commands.json",
+            "cStandard": "c17",
+            "cppStandard": "c++14",
+            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm"
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": 4
 }
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/cmake-kits.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/cmake-kits.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[
+    {
+        "name": "Pico",
+        "compilers": {
+            "C": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getCompilerPath}",
+            "CXX": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getCxxCompilerPath}"
+        },
+        "environmentVariables": {
+            "PATH": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getEnvPath};${env:PATH}"
+        },
+        "cmakeSettings": {
+            "Python3_EXECUTABLE": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getPythonPath}"
+        }
+    }
+]
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/extensions.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/extensions.json
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
-  "recommendations": [
-    "marus25.cortex-debug",
-    "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
-    "ms-vscode.cpptools",
-    "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
-    "ms-vscode.vscode-serial-monitor"
-  ]
-}
+    "recommendations": [
+        "marus25.cortex-debug",
+        "ms-vscode.cpptools",
+        "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
+        "ms-vscode.vscode-serial-monitor",
+        "raspberry-pi.raspberry-pi-pico"
+    ]
+}
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -1,58 +1,50 @@
 {
-  "version": "0.2.0",
-  "configurations": [
-    {
-      "name": "Pico Debug (Cortex-Debug)",
-      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
-      "executable": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}",
-      "request": "launch",
-      "type": "cortex-debug",
-      "servertype": "openocd",
-      "gdbPath": "arm-none-eabi-gdb",
-      "device": "RP2040",
-      "configFiles": [
-        "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
-        "target/rp2040.cfg"
-      ],
-      "svdFile": "${env:PICO_SDK_PATH}/src/rp2040/hardware_regs/rp2040.svd",
-      "runToEntryPoint": "main",
-      "openOCDLaunchCommands": [
-        "adapter speed 1000"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Pico Debug (Cortex-Debug with external OpenOCD)",
-      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
-      "executable": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}",
-      "request": "launch",
-      "type": "cortex-debug",
-      "servertype": "external",
-      "gdbTarget": "localhost:3333",
-      "gdbPath": "arm-none-eabi-gdb",
-      "device": "RP2040",
-      "svdFile": "${env:PICO_SDK_PATH}/src/rp2040/hardware_regs/rp2040.svd",
-      "runToEntryPoint": "main"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Pico Debug (C++ Debugger)",
-      "type": "cppdbg",
-      "request": "launch",
-      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
-      "program": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}",
-      "MIMode": "gdb",
-      "miDebuggerPath": "arm-none-eabi-gdb",
-      "miDebuggerServerAddress": "localhost:3333",
-      "debugServerPath": "openocd",
-      "debugServerArgs": "-f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/rp2040.cfg -c \"adapter speed 1000\"",
-      "serverStarted": "Listening on port .* for gdb connections",
-      "filterStderr": true,
-      "stopAtEntry": true,
-      "hardwareBreakpoints": {
-        "require": true,
-        "limit": 4
-      },
-      "preLaunchTask": "Flash",
-      "svdPath": "${env:PICO_SDK_PATH}/src/rp2040/hardware_regs/rp2040.svd"
-    }
-  ]
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Pico Debug (Cortex-Debug)",
+            "cwd": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
+            "executable": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "type": "cortex-debug",
+            "servertype": "openocd",
+            "serverpath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            "gdbPath": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getGDBPath}",
+            "device": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChipUppercase}",
+            "configFiles": [
+                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
+                "target/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getTarget}.cfg"
+            ],
+            "svdFile": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/src/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChip}/hardware_regs/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChipUppercase}.svd",
+            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
+            // Fix for no_flash binaries, where monitor reset halt doesn't do what is expected
+            // Also works fine for flash binaries
+            "overrideLaunchCommands": [
+                "monitor reset init",
+                "load \"${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}\""
+            ],
+            "openOCDLaunchCommands": [
+                "adapter speed 5000"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Pico Debug (Cortex-Debug with external OpenOCD)",
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
+            "executable": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "type": "cortex-debug",
+            "servertype": "external",
+            "gdbTarget": "localhost:3333",
+            "gdbPath": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getGDBPath}",
+            "device": "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChipUppercase}",
+            "svdFile": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/src/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChip}/hardware_regs/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChipUppercase}.svd",
+            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
+            // Fix for no_flash binaries, where monitor reset halt doesn't do what is expected
+            // Also works fine for flash binaries
+            "overrideLaunchCommands": [
+                "monitor reset init",
+                "load \"${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}\""
+            ]
+        },
+    ]
 }
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -1,30 +1,40 @@
 {
-    // These settings tweaks to the cmake plugin will ensure
-    // that you debug using cortex-debug instead of trying to launch
-    // a Pico binary on the host
-    "cmake.statusbar.advanced": {
-        "debug": {
-            "visibility": "hidden"
+    "cmake.showSystemKits": false,
+    "cmake.options.statusBarVisibility": "hidden",
+    "cmake.options.advanced": {
+        "build": {
+            "statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
        },
        "launch": {
-            "visibility": "hidden"
+            "statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
        },
-        "build": {
-            "visibility": "hidden"
-        },
-        "buildTarget": {
-            "visibility": "hidden"
+        "debug": {
+            "statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
        }
    },
-    "cmake.buildBeforeRun": true,
-    "cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
-    "cmake.configureSettings": {
-      "CMAKE_MODULE_PATH": "${env:PICO_INSTALL_PATH}/pico-sdk-tools"
-    },
+    "cmake.configureOnEdit": false,
+    "cmake.automaticReconfigure": false,
+    "cmake.configureOnOpen": false,
    "cmake.generator": "Ninja",
-    "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
-    "C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "enabled",
-    "files.associations": {
-        "stdlib.h": "c"
-    }
+    "cmake.cmakePath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin/cmake",
+    "C_Cpp.debugShortcut": false,
+    "terminal.integrated.env.windows": {
+        "PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
+        "PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
+        "Path": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0/picotool;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1;${env:PATH}"
+    },
+    "terminal.integrated.env.osx": {
+        "PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
+        "PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
+        "PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0/picotool:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1:${env:PATH}"
+    },
+    "terminal.integrated.env.linux": {
+        "PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
+        "PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
+        "PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0/picotool:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1:${env:PATH}"
+    },
+    "raspberry-pi-pico.cmakeAutoConfigure": true,
+    "raspberry-pi-pico.useCmakeTools": false,
+    "raspberry-pi-pico.cmakePath": "${HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin/cmake",
+    "raspberry-pi-pico.ninjaPath": "${HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1/ninja"
 }
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/.vscode/tasks.json
@@ -1,29 +1,102 @@
 {
-  "version": "2.0.0",
-  "tasks": [
-    {
-      "label": "Flash",
-      "type": "shell",
-      "command": "openocd",
-      "args": [
-        "-f",
-        "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
-        "-f",
-        "target/rp2040.cfg",
-        "-c",
-        "adapter speed 1000; program {${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}} verify reset exit"
-      ],
-      "problemMatcher": []
-    },
-    {
-      "label": "Build",
-      "type": "cmake",
-      "command": "build",
-      "problemMatcher": "$gcc",
-      "group": {
-        "kind": "build",
-        "isDefault": true
-      }
-    }
-  ]
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "Compile Project",
+            "type": "process",
+            "isBuildCommand": true,
+            "command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1/ninja",
+            "args": ["-C", "${workspaceFolder}/build"],
+            "group": "build",
+            "presentation": {
+                "reveal": "always",
+                "panel": "dedicated"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": "$gcc",
+            "windows": {
+                "command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1/ninja.exe"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Run Project",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0/picotool/picotool",
+            "args": [
+                "load",
+                "${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}",
+                "-fx"
+            ],
+            "presentation": {
+                "reveal": "always",
+                "panel": "dedicated"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "windows": {
+                "command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0/picotool/picotool.exe"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Flash",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s",
+                "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
+                "-f",
+                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
+                "-f",
+                "target/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getTarget}.cfg",
+                "-c",
+                "adapter speed 5000; program \"${command:raspberry-pi-pico.launchTargetPath}\" verify reset exit"
+            ],
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "windows": {
+                "command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Rescue Reset",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s",
+                "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
+                "-f",
+                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
+                "-f",
+                "target/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChip}-rescue.cfg",
+                "-c",
+                "adapter speed 5000; reset halt; exit"
+            ],
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "windows": {
+                "command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Risc-V Reset (RP2350)",
+            "type": "process",
+            "command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-s",
+                "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
+                "-c",
+                "set USE_CORE { rv0 rv1 cm0 cm1 }",
+                "-f",
+                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
+                "-f",
+                "target/rp2350.cfg",
+                "-c",
+                "adapter speed 5000; init;",
+                "-c",
+                "write_memory 0x40120158 8 { 0x3 }; echo [format \"Info : ARCHSEL 0x%02x\" [read_memory 0x40120158 8 1]];",
+                "-c",
+                "reset halt; targets rp2350.rv0; echo [format \"Info : ARCHSEL_STATUS 0x%02x\" [read_memory 0x4012015C 8 1]]; exit"
+            ],
+            "problemMatcher": [],
+            "windows": {
+                "command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
+            }
+        }
+    ]
 }
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/0x000e_floating-point-data-type.c
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/0x000e_floating-point-data-type.c
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,57 @@
+# Generated Cmake Pico project file
+
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)

-include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
-project(0x000e_floating-point-data-type C CXX ASM)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)

+# Initialise pico_sdk from installed location
+# (note this can come from environment, CMake cache etc)
+
+# == DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINES for the Raspberry Pi Pico VS Code Extension to work ==
+if(WIN32)
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{USERPROFILE})
+else()
+    set(USERHOME $ENV{HOME})
+endif()
+set(sdkVersion 2.2.0)
+set(toolchainVersion 14_2_Rel1)
+set(picotoolVersion 2.2.0)
+set(picoVscode ${USERHOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/pico-vscode.cmake)
+if (EXISTS ${picoVscode})
+    include(${picoVscode})
+endif()
+# ====================================================================================
+set(PICO_BOARD pico2 CACHE STRING "Board type")
+
+# Pull in Raspberry Pi Pico SDK (must be before project)
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+
+project(0x000e_floating-point-data-type C CXX ASM)
+
+# Initialise the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK
 pico_sdk_init()

-add_executable(0x000e_floating-point-data-type
-    main.c
-)
+# Add executable. Default name is the project name, version 0.1

-pico_enable_stdio_usb(0x000e_floating-point-data-type 1)
+add_executable(0x000e_floating-point-data-type 0x000e_floating-point-data-type.c )
+
+pico_set_program_name(0x000e_floating-point-data-type "0x000e_floating-point-data-type")
+pico_set_program_version(0x000e_floating-point-data-type "0.1")
+
+# Modify the below lines to enable/disable output over UART/USB
 pico_enable_stdio_uart(0x000e_floating-point-data-type 1)
+pico_enable_stdio_usb(0x000e_floating-point-data-type 0)
+
+# Add the standard library to the build
+target_link_libraries(0x000e_floating-point-data-type
+        pico_stdlib)
+
+# Add the standard include files to the build
+target_include_directories(0x000e_floating-point-data-type PRIVATE
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
+)

 pico_add_extra_outputs(0x000e_floating-point-data-type)

-target_link_libraries(0x000e_floating-point-data-type
-    pico_stdlib
-)
--- a/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+++ b/0x000e_floating-point-data-type/pico_sdk_import.cmake
@@ -3,6 +3,28 @@
 # This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
 # It should be include()ed prior to project()

+# Copyright 2020 (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
+# following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+# INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
@@ -18,9 +40,20 @@ if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_P
    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
 endif ()

+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT AND NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG)
+  set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "master")
+  message("Using master as default value for PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG")
+endif()
+
 set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
 set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
 set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}" CACHE FILEPATH "release tag for SDK")

 if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
@@ -29,25 +62,40 @@ if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
        endif ()
-        # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
-        if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
-            FetchContent_Declare(
-                    pico_sdk
-                    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
-                    GIT_TAG master
-                    GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
-            )
-        else ()
-            FetchContent_Declare(
-                    pico_sdk
-                    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
-                    GIT_TAG master
-            )
-        endif ()
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+                pico_sdk
+                GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+        )

        if (NOT pico_sdk)
            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
-            FetchContent_Populate(pico_sdk)
+            # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+            if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+                        GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            else ()
+                FetchContent_Populate(
+                        pico_sdk
+                        QUIET
+                        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                        GIT_TAG ${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_TAG}
+
+                        SOURCE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-src
+                        BINARY_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-build
+                        SUBBUILD_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR}/pico_sdk-subbuild
+                )
+            endif ()
+
            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
        endif ()
        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+# RP2350 GPIO Coprocessor Blink - Detailed Documentation
+
+## Overview
+
+This is a **bare-metal assembly program** for the **Raspberry Pi RP2350** microcontroller that demonstrates the use of the **ARM Cortex-M33 coprocessor interface** to control GPIO pins. Unlike traditional GPIO control using direct memory-mapped register writes, this version uses the RP2350's **hardware GPIO coprocessor (CP0)** with **MCRR (Move to Coprocessor from two ARM Registers)** instructions.
+
+The program blinks an LED connected to **GPIO16** with a 500ms on/off cycle using the specialized coprocessor instructions for high-performance GPIO operations.
+
+---
+
+## What Makes This Special?
+
+### Traditional GPIO Control vs Coprocessor Control
+
+**Traditional Method (Direct Register Access):**
+```assembly
+LDR  R0, =SIO_BASE           ; Load SIO base address
+LDR  R1, =GPIO16_BIT         ; Load GPIO bit mask
+STR  R1, [R0, #GPIO_OUT_SET] ; Write to memory-mapped register
+```
+
+**Coprocessor Method (This Implementation):**
+```assembly
+MOVS R4, #16                 ; GPIO pin number
+MOVS R5, #1                  ; Value to write
+MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0      ; Single coprocessor instruction
+```
+
+### Advantages of the Coprocessor Approach:
+1. **Faster execution** - Single instruction instead of multiple memory operations
+2. **More atomic** - Less chance of race conditions
+3. **Hardware-accelerated** - Direct hardware interface
+4. **Cleaner code** - No need to manage bit masks and base addresses
+5. **RP2350-specific** - Takes advantage of advanced features
+
+---
+
+## Hardware Requirements
+
+- **RP2350-based board** (e.g., Raspberry Pi Pico 2)
+- **LED** connected to **GPIO16** (or use built-in LED if available)
+- Optional: Current-limiting resistor (typically 330Ω - 1kΩ)
+- **USB cable** for programming
+
+### GPIO16 Connection
+```
+RP2350 GPIO16 ----[330Ω]----[LED]---- GND
+                  (Resistor)  (Anode to GPIO, Cathode to GND)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Technical Details
+
+### Coprocessor Interface
+
+The RP2350 implements a **custom GPIO coprocessor (CP0)** accessible through the ARM Cortex-M33's coprocessor interface. This is documented in the RP2350 datasheet.
+
+#### MCRR Instruction Format
+```
+MCRR p0, #opcode, Rt, Rt2, CRm
+```
+
+Where:
+- `p0` = Coprocessor 0 (GPIO coprocessor)
+- `#opcode` = Operation code (4 for GPIO operations)
+- `Rt` = First source register (GPIO pin number in R4)
+- `Rt2` = Second source register (value in R5)
+- `CRm` = Coprocessor register (c0 for OUT, c4 for OE)
+
+### GPIO Coprocessor Operations Used
+
+#### 1. `gpioc_bit_out_put(gpio, value)`
+**Purpose:** Set or clear a GPIO output pin  
+**Encoding:** `MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0`  
+**Parameters:**
+- R4 = GPIO pin number (16 in our case)
+- R5 = Output value (0 or 1)
+
+**Example:**
+```assembly
+MOVS R4, #16        ; GPIO16
+MOVS R5, #1         ; Set HIGH
+MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0
+```
+
+#### 2. `gpioc_bit_oe_put(gpio, enable)`
+**Purpose:** Set output enable for a GPIO pin  
+**Encoding:** `MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c4`  
+**Parameters:**
+- R4 = GPIO pin number (16 in our case)
+- R5 = Output enable (1 to enable output)
+
+**Example:**
+```assembly
+MOVS R4, #16        ; GPIO16
+MOVS R5, #1         ; Enable output
+MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c4
+```
+
+---
+
+## Memory Map & Register Addresses
+
+### Critical Memory Addresses Used
+
+| Address      | Register                          | Purpose                              |
+|--------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
+| `0xE000ED88` | CPACR (Coprocessor Access Control)| Enable CP0 access                    |
+| `0x40038044` | PADS_BANK0_GPIO16                 | Pad configuration for GPIO16         |
+| `0x40028084` | IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL              | Function select for GPIO16           |
+| `0x20082000` | STACK_TOP                         | Initial stack pointer                |
+| `0x2007A000` | STACK_LIMIT                       | Stack limit for overflow protection  |
+
+### Register Details
+
+#### CPACR (Coprocessor Access Control Register) - 0xE000ED88
+```
+Bits [1:0] - CP0 access privileges
+  00 = No access
+  01 = Privileged access only
+  10 = Reserved
+  11 = Full access (used in this code)
+```
+
+#### PADS_BANK0_GPIO16 - 0x40038044
+```
+Bit 8  (ISO)  - Isolate pad (0 = normal operation)
+Bit 7  (OD)   - Output disable (0 = output enabled)
+Bit 6  (IE)   - Input enable (1 = input buffer enabled)
+Bits [5:4]    - Drive strength
+Bits [3:2]    - Slew rate
+Bit 1  (PDE)  - Pull-down enable
+Bit 0  (PUE)  - Pull-up enable
+```
+
+#### IO_BANK0_GPIO16_CTRL - 0x40028084
+```
+Bits [4:0] (FUNCSEL) - Function select
+  0 = JTAG (TDI)
+  1 = SPI
+  2 = UART
+  3 = I2C
+  4 = PWM
+  5 = SIO (Software controlled I/O) ← Used for GPIO
+  6-8 = PIO
+  9 = USB
+  31 = NULL
+```
+
+---
+
+## Code Structure & Execution Flow
+
+### 1. Vector Table (`.vectors` section)
+```assembly
+.section .vectors, "ax"
+.align 2
+.global _vectors
+_vectors:
+    .word STACK_TOP              /* 0x20082000 - Initial Stack Pointer */
+    .word Reset_Handler + 1      /* Reset Handler (Thumb bit set) */
+```
+
+**Why `+ 1`?**  
+The Cortex-M33 uses the Thumb instruction set exclusively. The LSB (least significant bit) of function pointers must be set to 1 to indicate Thumb mode. This is automatically handled by the processor.
+
+### 2. Stack Initialization
+```assembly
+Reset_Handler:
+    /* Initialize stack pointers for Cortex-M33 */
+    LDR  R0, =STACK_TOP
+    MSR  PSP, R0                 /* Process Stack Pointer */
+    
+    LDR  R0, =STACK_LIMIT
+    MSR  MSPLIM, R0              /* Main Stack Pointer Limit */
+    MSR  PSPLIM, R0              /* Process Stack Pointer Limit */
+    
+    LDR  R0, =STACK_TOP
+    MSR  MSP, R0                 /* Main Stack Pointer */
+```
+
+**Cortex-M33 Stack Features:**
+- **Dual stack pointers:** MSP (Main) and PSP (Process)
+- **Stack limit registers:** MSPLIM and PSPLIM for overflow detection
+- **Security feature:** Prevents stack overflow from corrupting memory
+
+### 3. Coprocessor Access Enablement
+```assembly
+    /* Enable coprocessor access - set CP0 to full access */
+    LDR  R0, =0xE000ED88         /* CPACR address */
+    LDR  R1, [R0]                /* Read current value */
+    ORR  R1, R1, #0x3            /* Set CP0 bits [1:0] to 11 (full access) */
+    STR  R1, [R0]                /* Write back */
+    DSB                          /* Data Synchronization Barrier */
+    ISB                          /* Instruction Synchronization Barrier */
+```
+
+**Critical Step:** Without this, MCRR instructions will trigger a **UsageFault** exception!
+
+**Memory Barriers:**
+- `DSB` - Ensures all memory operations complete before proceeding
+- `ISB` - Flushes instruction pipeline to ensure new settings take effect
+
+### 4. GPIO Pad Configuration
+```assembly
+    /* Configure pad for GPIO16 */
+    LDR  R3, =0x40038044         /* &pads_bank0_hw->io[16] */
+    LDR  R2, [R3]                /* load current config */
+    BIC  R2, R2, #0x80           /* clear OD (bit 7) - enable output */
+    ORR  R2, R2, #0x40           /* set IE (bit 6) - enable input buffer */
+    STR  R2, [R3]                /* store updated config */
+```
+
+**What this does:**
+- Clears OD (Output Disable) bit → Allows pin to drive output
+- Sets IE (Input Enable) bit → Enables input buffer for reading
+- Preserves other settings (pull-ups, drive strength, etc.)
+
+### 5. Function Selection
+```assembly
+    /* Set GPIO16 function to SIO (Software I/O) */
+    LDR  R3, =0x40028084         /* &io_bank0_hw->io[16].ctrl */
+    LDR  R2, [R3]                /* load current config */
+    BIC  R2, R2, #0x1F           /* clear FUNCSEL bits [4:0] */
+    ORR  R2, R2, #5              /* set FUNCSEL = 5 (SIO) */
+    STR  R2, [R3]                /* store updated config */
+```
+
+**Function 5 (SIO):**
+- Routes GPIO to software control
+- Required before using coprocessor GPIO operations
+- Other functions route to hardware peripherals (UART, SPI, etc.)
+
+### 6. Pad Isolation
+```assembly
+    /* Un-isolate the pad */
+    LDR  R3, =0x40038044         /* &pads_bank0_hw->io[16] */
+    LDR  R2, [R3]                /* load current config */
+    BIC  R2, R2, #0x100          /* clear ISO bit (bit 8) */
+    STR  R2, [R3]                /* store updated config */
+```
+
+**ISO bit:**
+- When set (1): Pad is isolated from peripherals
+- When clear (0): Pad is connected and functional
+- Must be cleared for GPIO to work
+
+### 7. Enable GPIO Output
+```assembly
+    /* Enable output using coprocessor */
+    MOVS R4, #16                 /* GPIO16 */
+    MOVS R5, #1                  /* Enable output */
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c4      /* gpioc_bit_oe_put(16, 1) */
+```
+
+**This is the first coprocessor instruction!**
+- Sets the Output Enable (OE) bit for GPIO16
+- Makes the pin drive its output value
+- Uses coprocessor register c4 (OE control)
+
+### 8. Main Blink Loop
+```assembly
+blink_loop:
+    /* Turn LED ON */
+    MOVS R4, #16                 /* GPIO16 */
+    MOVS R5, #1                  /* HIGH */
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0      /* gpioc_bit_out_put(16, 1) */
+    
+    /* Delay ~500ms */
+    LDR  R2, =2000000            /* 2M cycles */
+delay_on:
+    SUBS R2, R2, #1              /* Decrement */
+    BNE  delay_on                /* Loop until zero */
+    
+    /* Turn LED OFF */
+    MOVS R4, #16                 /* GPIO16 */
+    MOVS R5, #0                  /* LOW */
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0      /* gpioc_bit_out_put(16, 0) */
+    
+    /* Delay ~500ms */
+    LDR  R2, =2000000            /* 2M cycles */
+delay_off:
+    SUBS R2, R2, #1              /* Decrement */
+    BNE  delay_off               /* Loop until zero */
+
+    B    blink_loop              /* Repeat forever */
+```
+
+**Delay Calculation:**
+- 2,000,000 cycles at ~4-12 MHz boot clock
+- Approximately 500ms per delay
+- Total period: ~1 second (1Hz blink rate)
+
+---
+
+## Build Process
+
+### Prerequisites
+1. **ARM GNU Toolchain** installed and in PATH:
+   - `arm-none-eabi-as` (Assembler)
+   - `arm-none-eabi-ld` (Linker)
+   - `arm-none-eabi-objcopy` (Object copy utility)
+2. **Python** (for UF2 conversion)
+3. **uf2conv.py** script (located two directories up: `../../uf2conv.py`)
+
+### Build Script (`build.bat`)
+```batch
+@echo off
+REM Build script for RP2350 GPIO16 blink
+
+echo Building GPIO16 blink...
+
+REM Assemble main code
+arm-none-eabi-as -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb gpio16_blink.s -o gpio16_blink.o
+
+REM Assemble image definition
+arm-none-eabi-as -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb image_def.s -o image_def.o
+
+REM Link with linker script
+arm-none-eabi-ld -T linker.ld gpio16_blink.o image_def.o -o gpio16_blink.elf
+
+REM Create raw binary
+arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary gpio16_blink.elf gpio16_blink.bin
+
+REM Create UF2 bootloader format
+python ..\..\uf2conv.py -b 0x10000000 -f 0xe48bff59 -o gpio16_blink.uf2 gpio16_blink.bin
+```
+
+### Build Command
+```powershell
+.\build.bat
+```
+
+### Build Flags Explained
+
+**`-mcpu=cortex-m33`**
+- Target the Cortex-M33 processor in RP2350
+- Enables M33-specific features (stack limits, DSB/ISB instructions, coprocessor)
+
+**`-mthumb`**
+- Generate Thumb-2 instruction set (mandatory for Cortex-M)
+- Provides 16-bit and 32-bit instruction mix for code density
+
+**`-T linker.ld`**
+- Use custom linker script to define memory layout
+- Places code at flash start (0x10000000)
+
+**UF2 Parameters:**
+- `-b 0x10000000` - Base address (RP2350 flash start)
+- `-f 0xe48bff59` - Family ID for RP2350
+- `-o gpio16_blink.uf2` - Output filename
+
+---
+
+## Flashing Instructions
+
+### Method 1: UF2 Bootloader (Easiest)
+
+1. **Disconnect** the RP2350 from USB
+2. **Hold the BOOTSEL button** on the board
+3. **Connect USB cable** while holding BOOTSEL
+4. **Release BOOTSEL** - Board appears as USB mass storage device
+5. **Copy** `gpio16_blink.uf2` to the RP2350 drive
+6. **Board automatically reboots** and starts running the program
+
+### Method 2: OpenOCD with Debug Probe
+
+If you have a debug probe (e.g., Raspberry Pi Debug Probe, CMSIS-DAP):
+
+```bash
+openocd -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/rp2350.cfg \
+  -c "adapter speed 5000" \
+  -c "program gpio16_blink.elf verify reset exit"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Debugging & Troubleshooting
+
+### Problem: LED doesn't blink
+
+**Check 1: Coprocessor Access**
+- Ensure CPACR is set correctly
+- Without this, MCRR triggers UsageFault
+- Verify DSB/ISB barriers are present
+
+**Check 2: GPIO Configuration**
+- Verify FUNCSEL is set to 5 (SIO)
+- Check OD bit is cleared (output enabled)
+- Ensure ISO bit is cleared (pad connected)
+
+**Check 3: Hardware Connections**
+- LED polarity (anode to GPIO, cathode to GND)
+- Current-limiting resistor present
+- GPIO16 physically connected
+
+**Check 4: Clock Speed**
+- Boot clock may vary (4-12 MHz typical)
+- Delay timing depends on actual clock
+- Adjust delay constant if needed
+
+### Problem: Build fails
+
+**Missing toolchain:**
+```
+'arm-none-eabi-as' is not recognized...
+```
+Solution: Install ARM GNU Toolchain and add to PATH
+
+**Missing uf2conv.py:**
+```
+python: can't open file 'uf2conv.py'
+```
+Solution: Ensure uf2conv.py is in `../../` relative to build directory
+
+**Assembly errors:**
+```
+Error: bad instruction 'mcrr'
+```
+Solution: Ensure `-mcpu=cortex-m33` flag is used (M33 supports coprocessor)
+
+### Problem: Board doesn't appear as USB drive
+
+**Solution 1:** Try different USB cable (must support data, not just power)  
+**Solution 2:** Hold BOOTSEL earlier (before connecting USB)  
+**Solution 3:** Check USB port functionality
+
+---
+
+## Performance Analysis
+
+### Instruction Cycle Counts (Approximate)
+
+**Traditional GPIO Write (3-4 instructions):**
+```assembly
+LDR  R0, =SIO_BASE      ; 2 cycles
+LDR  R1, =GPIO16_BIT    ; 2 cycles
+STR  R1, [R0, #offset]  ; 2 cycles
+                        ; Total: ~6 cycles + memory latency
+```
+
+**Coprocessor GPIO Write (2 instructions):**
+```assembly
+MOVS R4, #16            ; 1 cycle
+MOVS R5, #1             ; 1 cycle
+MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0 ; 1 cycle (hardware accelerated)
+                        ; Total: ~3 cycles
+```
+
+**Performance Gain: ~50% faster execution**
+
+### Memory Usage
+
+| Section      | Size    | Location       |
+|-------------|---------|----------------|
+| Vector Table| 8 bytes | 0x10000000     |
+| Code (.text)| ~140 bytes | 0x10000008  |
+| Total Flash | ~148 bytes | Flash          |
+| Stack       | 32 KB   | RAM (0x2007A000-0x20082000) |
+
+**UF2 File Size:** 512 bytes (minimum UF2 block size)
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Topics
+
+### Extending to Multiple GPIOs
+
+To control multiple GPIOs with coprocessor:
+
+```assembly
+; Blink GPIO16 and GPIO17 alternately
+blink_multi:
+    ; Turn GPIO16 ON, GPIO17 OFF
+    MOVS R4, #16
+    MOVS R5, #1
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0
+    
+    MOVS R4, #17
+    MOVS R5, #0
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0
+    
+    ; Delay...
+    
+    ; Turn GPIO16 OFF, GPIO17 ON
+    MOVS R4, #16
+    MOVS R5, #0
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0
+    
+    MOVS R4, #17
+    MOVS R5, #1
+    MCRR p0, #4, R4, R5, c0
+```
+
+### Reading GPIO with Coprocessor
+
+The RP2350 also supports GPIO read operations:
+
+```assembly
+; Read GPIO state using MRRC (Move to ARM Registers from Coprocessor)
+MOVS R4, #16              ; GPIO to read
+MRRC p0, #opcode, R4, R5, c0  ; Result in R5
+```
+
+*(Exact opcode may vary - consult RP2350 datasheet)*
+
+### Interrupt-Driven Delays
+
+For production code, replace busy-wait delays with timer interrupts:
+
+```assembly
+; Configure SysTick for 1ms interrupts
+LDR  R0, =0xE000E010    ; SysTick base
+LDR  R1, =4000          ; Reload value for 1ms at 4MHz
+STR  R1, [R0, #4]       ; SYST_RVR
+MOV  R1, #7             ; Enable + interrupt + clock
+STR  R1, [R0, #0]       ; SYST_CSR
+```
+
+---
+
+## Reference Documentation
+
+### Official Documentation
+1. **RP2350 Datasheet** - Complete hardware reference
+   - Section on GPIO Coprocessor (CP0)
+   - Register maps and bit definitions
+   - Electrical characteristics
+
+2. **ARM Cortex-M33 Technical Reference Manual**
+   - Coprocessor interface specification
+   - MCRR/MRRC instruction encoding
+   - Stack limit and security features
+
+3. **ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8-M)**
+   - Thumb-2 instruction set
+   - System control registers (CPACR, etc.)
+   - Exception handling
+
+### Instruction Reference
+
+**MCRR (Move to Coprocessor from ARM Registers):**
+```
+MCRR coproc, opc1, Rt, Rt2, CRm
+  coproc: p0-p15 (coprocessor number)
+  opc1:   4-bit operation code
+  Rt:     First source register
+  Rt2:    Second source register
+  CRm:    Coprocessor register
+```
+
+**DSB (Data Synchronization Barrier):**
+- Ensures completion of memory operations
+- Required after CPACR modification
+
+**ISB (Instruction Synchronization Barrier):**
+- Flushes instruction pipeline
+- Required after system control changes
+
+---
+
+## Version History
+
+### Version 1.0 (October 2025)
+- Initial release
+- Implements GPIO16 blink using coprocessor
+- 500ms on/off cycle
+- CPACR enablement for CP0 access
+- Proper initialization sequence
+
+---
+
+## License & Credits
+
+This code is provided as-is for educational and experimental purposes.
+
+**Created for:** Bare-metal RP2350 development  
+**Target Board:** Raspberry Pi Pico 2 (RP2350)  
+**Architecture:** ARM Cortex-M33  
+**Assembly Syntax:** GNU AS (Unified ARM Syntax)
+
+---
+
+## Future Enhancements
+
+Potential improvements:
+1. **Add interrupt-driven timing** instead of busy-wait loops
+2. **Implement GPIO read operations** using MRRC
+3. **Create PWM effects** using variable duty cycles
+4. **Multi-GPIO patterns** (Knight Rider, binary counter, etc.)
+5. **Add error handling** for fault exceptions
+6. **Clock configuration** for precise timing
+7. **Low-power modes** using WFI (Wait For Interrupt)
+
+---
+
+## Contact & Support
+
+For issues, questions, or contributions related to this coprocessor implementation, please refer to:
+- RP2350 community forums
+- ARM Cortex-M33 documentation
+- Raspberry Pi Pico SDK examples
+
+**Happy coding with coprocessors!** 🚀
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/build.bat
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/build.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+@echo off
+REM ============================================================================
+REM FILE: build.bat
+REM
+REM DESCRIPTION:
+REM Build script for RP2350 GPIO16 Blink (Coprocessor Version).
+REM Automates the process of assembling, linking, and generating UF2 firmware.
+REM
+REM AUTHOR: Kevin Thomas
+REM CREATION DATE: October 5, 2025
+REM UPDATE DATE: October 5, 2025
+REM
+REM STEPS:
+REM   1. Assemble source files (gpio16_blink.s, image_def.s)
+REM   2. Link objects with linker script (linker.ld)
+REM   3. Convert ELF to BIN
+REM   4. Convert BIN to UF2 with correct family ID (RP2350 = 0xe48bff59)
+REM   5. Provide flashing instructions (UF2 drag‑and‑drop or OpenOCD)
+REM ============================================================================
+
+echo Building GPIO16 blink...
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Assemble source files
+REM ============================================================================
+arm-none-eabi-as -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb gpio16_blink.s -o gpio16_blink.o
+if errorlevel 1 goto error
+
+arm-none-eabi-as -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb image_def.s -o image_def.o
+if errorlevel 1 goto error
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Link object files into ELF using linker script
+REM ============================================================================
+arm-none-eabi-ld -T linker.ld gpio16_blink.o image_def.o -o gpio16_blink.elf
+if errorlevel 1 goto error
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Create raw binary from ELF
+REM ============================================================================
+arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary gpio16_blink.elf gpio16_blink.bin
+if errorlevel 1 goto error
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Create UF2 image for RP2350
+REM -b 0x10000000 : base address
+REM -f 0xe48bff59 : RP2350 family ID
+REM ============================================================================
+python ..\..\uf2conv.py -b 0x10000000 -f 0xe48bff59 -o gpio16_blink.uf2 gpio16_blink.bin
+if errorlevel 1 goto error
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Success message and flashing instructions
+REM ============================================================================
+echo.
+echo ========================================
+echo SUCCESS! Created gpio16_blink.uf2
+echo ========================================
+echo.
+echo To flash via UF2:
+echo   1. Hold BOOTSEL button
+echo   2. Plug in USB
+echo   3. Copy gpio16_blink.uf2 to RP2350 drive
+echo.
+echo To flash via OpenOCD (debug probe):
+echo   openocd -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/rp2350.cfg -c "adapter speed 5000" -c "program gpio16_blink.elf verify reset exit"
+echo.
+goto end
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Error handling
+REM ============================================================================
+:error
+echo.
+echo BUILD FAILED!
+echo.
+
+:end
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.bin
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.bin
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.s
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.s
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/**
+ * FILE: main.s
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ * RP2350 Bare-Metal GPIO16 Blink, Coprocessor Version.
+ * Minimal bare‑metal LED blink on the RP2350 using direct coprocessor
+ * (MCRR) instructions to manipulate GPIO control registers. This bypasses
+ * SDK abstractions and demonstrates register‑level control in assembler.
+ *
+ * AUTHOR: Kevin Thomas
+ * CREATION DATE: October 5, 2025
+ * UPDATE DATE: October 5, 2025
+ */
+
+.syntax unified                             // use unified assembly syntax
+.cpu cortex-m33                             // target Cortex-M33 core
+.thumb                                      // use Thumb instruction set
+
+/**
+ * Memory addresses and constants.
+ */
+.equ IO_BANK0_BASE,   0x40028000            // base address of IO_BANK0
+.equ PADS_BANK0_BASE, 0x40038000            // base address of PADS_BANK0
+.equ SIO_BASE,        0xD0000000            // base address of SIO block
+
+.equ GPIO16_CTRL,     0x84                  // io[16].ctrl offset
+.equ GPIO16_PAD,      0x44                  // pads io[16] offset
+.equ GPIO16_BIT,      (1 << 16)             // bit mask for GPIO16
+
+.equ GPIO_OUT_SET,    0x18                  // SIO->GPIO_OUT_SET offset
+.equ GPIO_OUT_XOR,    0x28                  // SIO->GPIO_OUT_XOR offset
+.equ GPIO_OE_SET,     0x38                  // SIO->GPIO_OE_SET offset
+
+.equ STACK_TOP,       0x20082000            // top of non-secure SRAM
+.equ STACK_LIMIT,     0x2007A000            // stack limit (32 KB below top)
+
+/**
+ * Vector table section.
+ */
+.section .vectors, "ax"                     // vector table section
+.align 2                                    // align to 4 bytes
+.global _vectors                            // export symbol
+_vectors:
+  .word STACK_TOP                           // initial stack pointer
+  .word Reset_Handler + 1                   // reset handler (Thumb bit set)
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Reset handler for RP2350.
+ * @details Entry point after reset. Performs:
+ *          - Stack initialization
+ *          - Coprocessor enable
+ *          - GPIO16 pad/function configuration
+ *          - Infinite blink loop using coprocessor writes
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.section .text                              // code section
+.align 2                                    // align functions
+.global Reset_Handler                       // export Reset_Handler
+.type Reset_Handler, %function              // mark as function
+
+Reset_Handler:
+  BL    init_stack                          // initialize MSP/PSP and limits
+  BL    enable_coprocessor                  // enable CP0 in CPACR for MCRR
+  BL    gpio16_config                       // configure pads and FUNCSEL for GPIO16
+blink_loop:
+  BL    gpio16_set                          // set GPIO16 high
+  BL    delay                               // delay ~500 ms
+  BL    gpio16_clear                        // set GPIO16 low
+  BL    delay                               // delay ~500 ms
+  B     blink_loop                          // loop forever
+
+.size Reset_Handler, . - Reset_Handler
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Initialize stack pointers.
+ * @details Sets Main and Process Stack Pointers (MSP/PSP) and their limits.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type init_stack, %function
+init_stack:
+  LDR   R0, =STACK_TOP                      // load stack top
+  MSR   PSP, R0                             // set PSP
+  LDR   R0, =STACK_LIMIT                    // load stack limit
+  MSR   MSPLIM, R0                          // set MSP limit
+  MSR   PSPLIM, R0                          // set PSP limit
+  LDR   R0, =STACK_TOP                      // reload stack top
+  MSR   MSP, R0                             // set MSP
+  BX    LR                                  // return
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Enable coprocessor access.
+ * @details Grants full access to coprocessor 0 (CP0) via CPACR.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type enable_coprocessor, %function
+enable_coprocessor:
+  LDR   R0, =0xE000ED88                     // CPACR address
+  LDR   R1, [R0]                            // read CPACR
+  ORR   R1, R1, #0x3                        // set CP0 full access
+  STR   R1, [R0]                            // write CPACR
+  DSB                                       // data sync barrier
+  ISB                                       // instruction sync barrier
+  BX    LR                                  // return
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Configure GPIO16 for SIO control.
+ * @details Sets pad control (IE, OD, ISO) and FUNCSEL = 5 (SIO). Enables OE.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type gpio16_config, %function
+gpio16_config:
+  LDR   R3, =PADS_BANK0_BASE + GPIO16_PAD   // pad control address
+  LDR   R2, [R3]                            // read pad config
+  BIC   R2, R2, #0x80                       // clear OD
+  ORR   R2, R2, #0x40                       // set IE
+  BIC   R2, R2, #0x100                      // clear ISO
+  STR   R2, [R3]                            // write pad config
+  LDR   R3, =IO_BANK0_BASE + GPIO16_CTRL    // IO control address
+  LDR   R2, [R3]                            // read IO config
+  BIC   R2, R2, #0x1F                       // clear FUNCSEL
+  ORR   R2, R2, #5                          // set FUNCSEL = 5
+  STR   R2, [R3]                            // write IO config
+  MOVS  R4, #16                             // GPIO number
+  MOVS  R5, #1                              // enable output
+  MCRR  p0, #4, R4, R5, c4                  // gpioc_bit_oe_put(16, 1)
+  BX    LR                                  // return
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Set GPIO16 high.
+ * @details Drives GPIO16 output = 1 via coprocessor MCRR.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type gpio16_set, %function
+gpio16_set:
+  MOVS  R4, #16                             // GPIO number
+  MOVS  R5, #1                              // logic high
+  MCRR  p0, #4, R4, R5, c0                  // gpioc_bit_out_put(16, 1)
+  BX    LR                                  // return
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Clear GPIO16 (set low).
+ * @details Drives GPIO16 output = 0 via coprocessor MCRR.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type gpio16_clear, %function
+gpio16_clear:
+  MOVS  R4, #16                             // GPIO number
+  MOVS  R5, #0                              // logic low
+  MCRR  p0, #4, R4, R5, c0                  // gpioc_bit_out_put(16, 0)
+  BX    LR                                  // return
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Busy‑wait delay loop.
+ * @details Consumes ~2,000,000 cycles to approximate ~500 ms at boot clock.
+ * @param   None
+ * @retval  None
+ */
+.type delay, %function
+delay:
+  LDR   R2, =2000000                        // loop count
+1:SUBS  R2, R2, #1                          // decrement
+  BNE   1b                                  // loop until zero
+  BX    LR                                  // return
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.uf2
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/gpio16_blink.uf2
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/image_def.s
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/image_def.s
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * FILE: image_def.s
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ * RP2350 IMAGE_DEF Block.
+ * A minimum amount of metadata (a valid IMAGE_DEF block) must be embedded in any
+ * binary for the bootrom to recognise it as a valid program image, as opposed to,
+ * for example, blank flash contents or a disconnected flash device. This must
+ * appear within the first 4 kB of a flash image, or anywhere in a RAM or OTP image.
+ *
+ * Unlike RP2040, there is no requirement for flash binaries to have a checksummed
+ * "boot2" flash setup function at flash address 0. The RP2350 bootrom performs a
+ * simple best‑effort XIP setup during flash scanning, and a flash‑resident program
+ * can continue executing in this state, or can choose to reconfigure the QSPI
+ * interface at a later time for best performance.
+ *
+ * AUTHOR: Kevin Thomas
+ * CREATION DATE: October 5, 2025
+ * UPDATE DATE: October 5, 2025
+ *
+ * REFERENCE:
+ * RP2350 Datasheet, Section 5.9.5 Minimum viable image metadata
+ *
+ * NOTES:
+ * In the Pico SDK, this block is generated automatically from
+ * embedded_start_block.inc.S / embedded_end_block.inc.S.
+ */
+
+.section .picobin_block, "a"                // place IMAGE_DEF block in flash
+
+.word  0xffffded3                           // PICOBIN_BLOCK_MARKER_START
+.byte  0x42                                 // PICOBIN_BLOCK_ITEM_1BS_IMAGE_TYPE
+.byte  0x1                                  // item is 1 word in size
+.hword 0b0001000000100001                   // SECURE mode (0x1021)
+.byte  0xff                                 // PICOBIN_BLOCK_ITEM_2BS_LAST
+.hword 0x0001                               // item is 1 word in size
+.byte  0x0                                  // pad
+.word  0x0                                  // relative pointer to next block (0 = loop to self)
+.word  0xab123579                           // PICOBIN_BLOCK_MARKER_END
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/linker.ld
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/linker.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * FILE: linker.ld
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ * RP2350 Minimal Linker Script for bare‑metal development.
+ * Ensures the boot ROM accepts and runs the image by:
+ *   - Placing the IMAGE_DEF block first at 0x10000000
+ *   - Aligning the vector table to a 128‑byte boundary within the first 4 KB
+ *   - Defining a non‑secure stack region in SRAM
+ *
+ * AUTHOR: Kevin Thomas
+ * CREATION DATE: October 5, 2025
+ * UPDATE DATE: October 5, 2025
+ *
+ * KEY FEATURES:
+ *   - FLASH origin at 0x10000000 (XIP base), 32 MB length
+ *   - RAM origin at 0x20000000, 512 KB non‑secure window
+ *   - IMAGE_DEF block emitted before all other sections
+ *   - Vector table alignment and assertion to satisfy ROM requirements
+ *   - Symbols for __StackTop, __StackLimit, and __Vectors provided
+ *
+ * REFERENCE:
+ *   RP2350 Datasheet, Section 5.9.5 Minimum viable image metadata
+ *
+ * NOTES:
+ *   This script is intentionally minimal to support reproducible,
+ *   SDK‑free bare‑metal builds. It pairs with a standalone IMAGE_DEF
+ *   assembly file and a vector table defined in your startup code.
+ */
+
+ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
+
+/**
+ * Define memory regions.
+ */
+__XIP_BASE   = 0x10000000;
+__XIP_SIZE   = 32M;
+
+__SRAM_BASE  = 0x20000000;
+__SRAM_SIZE  = 512K;                        /* non-secure window */
+__STACK_SIZE = 32K;
+
+MEMORY
+{
+  RAM   (rwx) : ORIGIN = __SRAM_BASE, LENGTH = __SRAM_SIZE
+  FLASH (rx)  : ORIGIN = __XIP_BASE,  LENGTH = __XIP_SIZE
+}
+
+/**
+ * Program headers.
+ */
+PHDRS
+{
+  text PT_LOAD FLAGS(5);                    /* RX */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Section placement.
+ */
+SECTIONS
+{
+  . = ORIGIN(FLASH);
+
+  /**
+   * Minimal IMAGE_DEF must be first.
+   */
+  .embedded_block :
+  {
+    KEEP(*(.embedded_block))
+  } > FLASH :text
+
+  /**
+   * Force the vector table section start to a 128-byte boundary.
+   */
+  .vectors ALIGN(128) :
+  {
+    KEEP(*(.vectors))
+  } > FLASH :text
+
+  ASSERT(((ADDR(.vectors) - ORIGIN(FLASH)) < 0x1000),
+         "Vector table must be in first 4KB of flash")
+
+  /**
+   * Text and read-only data.
+   */
+  .text :
+  {
+    . = ALIGN(4);
+    *(.text*)
+    *(.rodata*)
+    KEEP(*(.ARM.attributes))
+  } > FLASH :text
+
+  /**
+   * Non-secure stack symbols.
+   */
+  __StackTop   = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM); /* 0x20080000 */
+  __StackLimit = __StackTop - __STACK_SIZE;
+  __stack      = __StackTop;
+
+  .stack (NOLOAD) : { . = ALIGN(8); } > RAM
+
+  PROVIDE(__Vectors = ADDR(.vectors));
+}
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review.bat
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+@echo off
+REM ============================================================================
+REM FILE: review.bat
+REM
+REM DESCRIPTION:
+REM Review script for RP2350 ELF and BIN outputs.
+REM Runs a suite of GNU binutils tools to inspect ELF and BIN files.
+REM Dumps results into text files for easy review.
+REM
+REM AUTHOR: Kevin Thomas
+REM CREATION DATE: October 5, 2025
+REM UPDATE DATE: October 5, 2025
+REM ============================================================================
+
+set ELF_FILE=gpio16_blink.elf
+set BIN_FILE=gpio16_blink.bin
+set OUT_DIR=review_reports
+
+if not exist %OUT_DIR% mkdir %OUT_DIR%
+
+echo Reviewing %ELF_FILE% and %BIN_FILE% ...
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM ELF inspection tools
+REM ============================================================================
+arm-none-eabi-readelf -a %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\readelf_all.txt
+arm-none-eabi-readelf -h %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\readelf_header.txt
+arm-none-eabi-readelf -S %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\readelf_sections.txt
+arm-none-eabi-readelf -s %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\readelf_symbols.txt
+arm-none-eabi-readelf -r %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\readelf_relocs.txt
+
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -x %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\objdump_headers.txt
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -d %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\objdump_disasm.txt
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -s %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\objdump_fullhex.txt
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -h %ELF_FILE%   > %OUT_DIR%\objdump_sections.txt
+
+arm-none-eabi-nm -n %ELF_FILE%        > %OUT_DIR%\nm_symbols.txt
+arm-none-eabi-size %ELF_FILE%         > %OUT_DIR%\size.txt
+arm-none-eabi-strings %ELF_FILE%      > %OUT_DIR%\strings.txt
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM BIN inspection tools
+REM ============================================================================
+xxd -g4 -l 256 %BIN_FILE%             > %OUT_DIR%\bin_hexdump.txt
+
+REM ============================================================================
+REM Summary
+REM ============================================================================
+echo.
+echo ========================================
+echo REVIEW COMPLETE
+echo Reports written to %OUT_DIR%\
+echo ========================================
+echo.
+echo Key files:
+echo   - readelf_all.txt       (everything about ELF)
+echo   - objdump_disasm.txt    (disassembly)
+echo   - nm_symbols.txt        (symbols)
+echo   - size.txt              (section sizes)
+echo   - bin_hexdump.txt       (first 256 bytes of BIN)
+echo.
+goto end
+
+:error
+echo.
+echo REVIEW FAILED!
+echo.
+
+:end
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/bin_hexdump.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/bin_hexdump.txt
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/nm_symbols.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/nm_symbols.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+00000018 a GPIO_OUT_SET
+00000028 a GPIO_OUT_XOR
+00000038 a GPIO_OE_SET
+00000044 a GPIO16_PAD
+00000084 a GPIO16_CTRL
+00008000 A __STACK_SIZE
+00010000 a GPIO16_BIT
+00080000 A __SRAM_SIZE
+02000000 A __XIP_SIZE
+10000000 A __XIP_BASE
+10000000 T _vectors
+10000008 T Reset_Handler
+10000014 t blink_loop
+10000026 t init_stack
+1000003e t enable_coprocessor
+10000052 t gpio16_config
+1000007c t gpio16_set
+10000086 t gpio16_clear
+10000090 t delay
+20000000 A __SRAM_BASE
+20078000 A __StackLimit
+2007a000 a STACK_LIMIT
+20080000 A __stack
+20080000 T __StackTop
+20082000 a STACK_TOP
+40028000 a IO_BANK0_BASE
+40038000 a PADS_BANK0_BASE
+d0000000 a SIO_BASE
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_disasm.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_disasm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+
+gpio16_blink.elf:     file format elf32-littlearm
+
+
+Disassembly of section .vectors:
+
+10000000 <_vectors>:
+10000000:	20082000 	.word	0x20082000
+10000004:	10000009 	.word	0x10000009
+
+Disassembly of section .text:
+
+10000008 <Reset_Handler>:
+10000008:	f000 f80d 	bl	10000026 <init_stack>
+1000000c:	f000 f817 	bl	1000003e <enable_coprocessor>
+10000010:	f000 f81f 	bl	10000052 <gpio16_config>
+
+10000014 <blink_loop>:
+10000014:	f000 f832 	bl	1000007c <gpio16_set>
+10000018:	f000 f83a 	bl	10000090 <delay>
+1000001c:	f000 f833 	bl	10000086 <gpio16_clear>
+10000020:	f000 f836 	bl	10000090 <delay>
+10000024:	e7f6      	b.n	10000014 <blink_loop>
+
+10000026 <init_stack>:
+10000026:	481c      	ldr	r0, [pc, #112]	@ (10000098 <delay+0x8>)
+10000028:	f380 8809 	msr	PSP, r0
+1000002c:	481b      	ldr	r0, [pc, #108]	@ (1000009c <delay+0xc>)
+1000002e:	f380 880a 	msr	MSPLIM, r0
+10000032:	f380 880b 	msr	PSPLIM, r0
+10000036:	4818      	ldr	r0, [pc, #96]	@ (10000098 <delay+0x8>)
+10000038:	f380 8808 	msr	MSP, r0
+1000003c:	4770      	bx	lr
+
+1000003e <enable_coprocessor>:
+1000003e:	4818      	ldr	r0, [pc, #96]	@ (100000a0 <delay+0x10>)
+10000040:	6801      	ldr	r1, [r0, #0]
+10000042:	f041 0103 	orr.w	r1, r1, #3
+10000046:	6001      	str	r1, [r0, #0]
+10000048:	f3bf 8f4f 	dsb	sy
+1000004c:	f3bf 8f6f 	isb	sy
+10000050:	4770      	bx	lr
+
+10000052 <gpio16_config>:
+10000052:	4b14      	ldr	r3, [pc, #80]	@ (100000a4 <delay+0x14>)
+10000054:	681a      	ldr	r2, [r3, #0]
+10000056:	f022 0280 	bic.w	r2, r2, #128	@ 0x80
+1000005a:	f042 0240 	orr.w	r2, r2, #64	@ 0x40
+1000005e:	f422 7280 	bic.w	r2, r2, #256	@ 0x100
+10000062:	601a      	str	r2, [r3, #0]
+10000064:	4b10      	ldr	r3, [pc, #64]	@ (100000a8 <delay+0x18>)
+10000066:	681a      	ldr	r2, [r3, #0]
+10000068:	f022 021f 	bic.w	r2, r2, #31
+1000006c:	f042 0205 	orr.w	r2, r2, #5
+10000070:	601a      	str	r2, [r3, #0]
+10000072:	2410      	movs	r4, #16
+10000074:	2501      	movs	r5, #1
+10000076:	ec45 4044 	stcl	0, cr4, [r5], {68}	@ 0x44
+1000007a:	4770      	bx	lr
+
+1000007c <gpio16_set>:
+1000007c:	2410      	movs	r4, #16
+1000007e:	2501      	movs	r5, #1
+10000080:	ec45 4040 	stcl	0, cr4, [r5], {64}	@ 0x40
+10000084:	4770      	bx	lr
+
+10000086 <gpio16_clear>:
+10000086:	2410      	movs	r4, #16
+10000088:	2500      	movs	r5, #0
+1000008a:	ec45 4040 	stcl	0, cr4, [r5], {64}	@ 0x40
+1000008e:	4770      	bx	lr
+
+10000090 <delay>:
+10000090:	4a06      	ldr	r2, [pc, #24]	@ (100000ac <delay+0x1c>)
+10000092:	3a01      	subs	r2, #1
+10000094:	d1fd      	bne.n	10000092 <delay+0x2>
+10000096:	4770      	bx	lr
+10000098:	20082000 	.word	0x20082000
+1000009c:	2007a000 	.word	0x2007a000
+100000a0:	e000ed88 	.word	0xe000ed88
+100000a4:	40038044 	.word	0x40038044
+100000a8:	40028084 	.word	0x40028084
+100000ac:	001e8480 	.word	0x001e8480
+100000b0:	00002341 	.word	0x00002341
+100000b4:	61656100 	.word	0x61656100
+100000b8:	01006962 	.word	0x01006962
+100000bc:	00000019 	.word	0x00000019
+100000c0:	726f4305 	.word	0x726f4305
+100000c4:	2d786574 	.word	0x2d786574
+100000c8:	0033334d 	.word	0x0033334d
+100000cc:	4d071106 	.word	0x4d071106
+100000d0:	012e0309 	.word	0x012e0309
+100000d4:	00002341 	.word	0x00002341
+100000d8:	61656100 	.word	0x61656100
+100000dc:	01006962 	.word	0x01006962
+100000e0:	00000019 	.word	0x00000019
+100000e4:	726f4305 	.word	0x726f4305
+100000e8:	2d786574 	.word	0x2d786574
+100000ec:	0033334d 	.word	0x0033334d
+100000f0:	4d071106 	.word	0x4d071106
+100000f4:	012e0309 	.word	0x012e0309
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_fullhex.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_fullhex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+gpio16_blink.elf:     file format elf32-littlearm
+
+Contents of section .vectors:
+ 10000000 00200820 09000010                    . . ....        
+Contents of section .text:
+ 10000008 00f00df8 00f017f8 00f01ff8 00f032f8  ..............2.
+ 10000018 00f03af8 00f033f8 00f036f8 f6e71c48  ..:...3...6....H
+ 10000028 80f30988 1b4880f3 0a8880f3 0b881848  .....H.........H
+ 10000038 80f30888 70471848 016841f0 03010160  ....pG.H.hA....`
+ 10000048 bff34f8f bff36f8f 7047144b 1a6822f0  ..O...o.pG.K.h".
+ 10000058 800242f0 400222f4 80721a60 104b1a68  ..B.@."..r.`.K.h
+ 10000068 22f01f02 42f00502 1a601024 012545ec  "...B....`.$.%E.
+ 10000078 44407047 10240125 45ec4040 70471024  D@pG.$.%E.@@pG.$
+ 10000088 002545ec 40407047 064a013a fdd17047  .%E.@@pG.J.:..pG
+ 10000098 00200820 00a00720 88ed00e0 44800340  . . ... ....D..@
+ 100000a8 84800240 80841e00 41230000 00616561  ...@....A#...aea
+ 100000b8 62690001 19000000 05436f72 7465782d  bi.......Cortex-
+ 100000c8 4d333300 0611074d 09032e01 41230000  M33....M....A#..
+ 100000d8 00616561 62690001 19000000 05436f72  .aeabi.......Cor
+ 100000e8 7465782d 4d333300 0611074d 09032e01  tex-M33....M....
+Contents of section .picobin_block:
+ 100000f8 d3deffff 42012110 ff010000 00000000  ....B.!.........
+ 10000108 793512ab                             y5..            
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_headers.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_headers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+
+gpio16_blink.elf:     file format elf32-littlearm
+gpio16_blink.elf
+architecture: armv3m, flags 0x00000112:
+EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED
+start address 0x10000009
+
+Program Header:
+    LOAD off    0x00001000 vaddr 0x10000000 paddr 0x10000000 align 2**12
+         filesz 0x0000010c memsz 0x0000010c flags r-x
+private flags = 0x5000200: [Version5 EABI] [soft-float ABI]
+
+Sections:
+Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn
+  0 .vectors      00000008  10000000  10000000  00001000  2**2
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+  1 .text         000000f0  10000008  10000008  00001008  2**2
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+  2 .picobin_block 00000014  100000f8  100000f8  000010f8  2**0
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
+  3 .stack        00000000  20000000  20000000  0000110c  2**0
+                  CONTENTS
+SYMBOL TABLE:
+10000000 l    d  .vectors	00000000 .vectors
+10000008 l    d  .text	00000000 .text
+100000f8 l    d  .picobin_block	00000000 .picobin_block
+20000000 l    d  .stack	00000000 .stack
+00000000 l    df *ABS*	00000000 gpio16_blink.o
+40028000 l       *ABS*	00000000 IO_BANK0_BASE
+40038000 l       *ABS*	00000000 PADS_BANK0_BASE
+d0000000 l       *ABS*	00000000 SIO_BASE
+00000084 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO16_CTRL
+00000044 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO16_PAD
+00010000 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO16_BIT
+00000018 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO_OUT_SET
+00000028 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO_OUT_XOR
+00000038 l       *ABS*	00000000 GPIO_OE_SET
+20082000 l       *ABS*	00000000 STACK_TOP
+2007a000 l       *ABS*	00000000 STACK_LIMIT
+10000026 l     F .text	00000000 init_stack
+1000003e l     F .text	00000000 enable_coprocessor
+10000052 l     F .text	00000000 gpio16_config
+10000014 l       .text	00000000 blink_loop
+1000007c l     F .text	00000000 gpio16_set
+10000090 l     F .text	00000000 delay
+10000086 l     F .text	00000000 gpio16_clear
+00080000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __SRAM_SIZE
+10000000 g       .vectors	00000000 _vectors
+20000000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __SRAM_BASE
+10000008 g     F .text	0000001e Reset_Handler
+00008000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __STACK_SIZE
+20080000 g       .text	00000000 __StackTop
+20080000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __stack
+20078000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __StackLimit
+02000000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __XIP_SIZE
+10000000 g       *ABS*	00000000 __XIP_BASE
+
+
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_sections.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/objdump_sections.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+gpio16_blink.elf:     file format elf32-littlearm
+
+Sections:
+Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn
+  0 .vectors      00000008  10000000  10000000  00001000  2**2
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+  1 .text         000000f0  10000008  10000008  00001008  2**2
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
+  2 .picobin_block 00000014  100000f8  100000f8  000010f8  2**0
+                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
+  3 .stack        00000000  20000000  20000000  0000110c  2**0
+                  CONTENTS
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_all.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_all.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+ELF Header:
+  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
+  Class:                             ELF32
+  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
+  Version:                           1 (current)
+  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
+  ABI Version:                       0
+  Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
+  Machine:                           ARM
+  Version:                           0x1
+  Entry point address:               0x10000009
+  Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
+  Start of section headers:          5424 (bytes into file)
+  Flags:                             0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
+  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
+  Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
+  Number of program headers:         1
+  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
+  Number of section headers:         8
+  Section header string table index: 7
+
+Section Headers:
+  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
+  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
+  [ 1] .vectors          PROGBITS        10000000 001000 000008 00  AX  0   0  4
+  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        10000008 001008 0000f0 00  AX  0   0  4
+  [ 3] .picobin_block    PROGBITS        100000f8 0010f8 000014 00   A  0   0  1
+  [ 4] .stack            PROGBITS        20000000 00110c 000000 00   W  0   0  1
+  [ 5] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 00110c 000280 10      6  30  4
+  [ 6] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 00138c 000162 00      0   0  1
+  [ 7] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0014ee 000040 00      0   0  1
+Key to Flags:
+  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
+  L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
+  C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
+  D (mbind), y (purecode), p (processor specific)
+
+There are no section groups in this file.
+
+Program Headers:
+  Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align
+  LOAD           0x001000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x0010c 0x0010c R E 0x1000
+
+ Section to Segment mapping:
+  Segment Sections...
+   00     .vectors .text .picobin_block 
+
+There is no dynamic section in this file.
+
+There are no relocations in this file.
+
+There are no unwind sections in this file.
+
+Symbol table '.symtab' contains 40 entries:
+   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
+     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
+     1: 10000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 .vectors
+     2: 10000008     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 .text
+     3: 100000f8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 .picobin_block
+     4: 20000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 .stack
+     5: 00000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS gpio16_blink.o
+     6: 40028000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS IO_BANK0_BASE
+     7: 40038000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS PADS_BANK0_BASE
+     8: d0000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS SIO_BASE
+     9: 00000084     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_CTRL
+    10: 00000044     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_PAD
+    11: 00010000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_BIT
+    12: 00000018     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OUT_SET
+    13: 00000028     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OUT_XOR
+    14: 00000038     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OE_SET
+    15: 20082000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS STACK_TOP
+    16: 2007a000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS STACK_LIMIT
+    17: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 $d
+    18: 10000008     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $t
+    19: 10000027     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 init_stack
+    20: 1000003f     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 enable_coprocessor
+    21: 10000053     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_config
+    22: 10000014     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 blink_loop
+    23: 1000007d     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_set
+    24: 10000091     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 delay
+    25: 10000087     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_clear
+    26: 10000098     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    27: 100000b0     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    28: 100000f8     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 $d
+    29: 100000d4     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    30: 00080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __SRAM_SIZE
+    31: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 _vectors
+    32: 20000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __SRAM_BASE
+    33: 10000009    30 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 Reset_Handler
+    34: 00008000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __STACK_SIZE
+    35: 20080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 __StackTop
+    36: 20080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __stack
+    37: 20078000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __StackLimit
+    38: 02000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __XIP_SIZE
+    39: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __XIP_BASE
+
+No version information found in this file.
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_header.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_header.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+ELF Header:
+  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
+  Class:                             ELF32
+  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
+  Version:                           1 (current)
+  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
+  ABI Version:                       0
+  Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
+  Machine:                           ARM
+  Version:                           0x1
+  Entry point address:               0x10000009
+  Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
+  Start of section headers:          5424 (bytes into file)
+  Flags:                             0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
+  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
+  Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
+  Number of program headers:         1
+  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
+  Number of section headers:         8
+  Section header string table index: 7
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_relocs.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_relocs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+There are no relocations in this file.
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_sections.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_sections.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+There are 8 section headers, starting at offset 0x1530:
+
+Section Headers:
+  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
+  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
+  [ 1] .vectors          PROGBITS        10000000 001000 000008 00  AX  0   0  4
+  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        10000008 001008 0000f0 00  AX  0   0  4
+  [ 3] .picobin_block    PROGBITS        100000f8 0010f8 000014 00   A  0   0  1
+  [ 4] .stack            PROGBITS        20000000 00110c 000000 00   W  0   0  1
+  [ 5] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 00110c 000280 10      6  30  4
+  [ 6] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 00138c 000162 00      0   0  1
+  [ 7] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0014ee 000040 00      0   0  1
+Key to Flags:
+  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
+  L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
+  C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
+  D (mbind), y (purecode), p (processor specific)
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_symbols.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/readelf_symbols.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+Symbol table '.symtab' contains 40 entries:
+   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
+     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
+     1: 10000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 .vectors
+     2: 10000008     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 .text
+     3: 100000f8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 .picobin_block
+     4: 20000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 .stack
+     5: 00000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS gpio16_blink.o
+     6: 40028000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS IO_BANK0_BASE
+     7: 40038000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS PADS_BANK0_BASE
+     8: d0000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS SIO_BASE
+     9: 00000084     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_CTRL
+    10: 00000044     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_PAD
+    11: 00010000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO16_BIT
+    12: 00000018     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OUT_SET
+    13: 00000028     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OUT_XOR
+    14: 00000038     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS GPIO_OE_SET
+    15: 20082000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS STACK_TOP
+    16: 2007a000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS STACK_LIMIT
+    17: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 $d
+    18: 10000008     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $t
+    19: 10000027     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 init_stack
+    20: 1000003f     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 enable_coprocessor
+    21: 10000053     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_config
+    22: 10000014     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 blink_loop
+    23: 1000007d     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_set
+    24: 10000091     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 delay
+    25: 10000087     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 gpio16_clear
+    26: 10000098     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    27: 100000b0     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    28: 100000f8     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 $d
+    29: 100000d4     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 $d
+    30: 00080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __SRAM_SIZE
+    31: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 _vectors
+    32: 20000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __SRAM_BASE
+    33: 10000009    30 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 Reset_Handler
+    34: 00008000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __STACK_SIZE
+    35: 20080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 __StackTop
+    36: 20080000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __stack
+    37: 20078000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __StackLimit
+    38: 02000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __XIP_SIZE
+    39: 10000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __XIP_BASE
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/size.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/size.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+   text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
+    268	      0	      0	    268	    10c	gpio16_blink.elf
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/strings.txt
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/review_reports/strings.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+D@pG
+@@pG
+@@pG
+aeabi
+Cortex-M33
+aeabi
+Cortex-M33
+gpio16_blink.o
+IO_BANK0_BASE
+PADS_BANK0_BASE
+SIO_BASE
+GPIO16_CTRL
+GPIO16_PAD
+GPIO16_BIT
+GPIO_OUT_SET
+GPIO_OUT_XOR
+GPIO_OE_SET
+STACK_TOP
+STACK_LIMIT
+init_stack
+enable_coprocessor
+gpio16_config
+blink_loop
+gpio16_set
+delay
+gpio16_clear
+__SRAM_SIZE
+_vectors
+__SRAM_BASE
+Reset_Handler
+__STACK_SIZE
+__StackTop
+__stack
+__StackLimit
+__XIP_SIZE
+__XIP_BASE
+.symtab
+.strtab
+.shstrtab
+.vectors
+.text
+.picobin_block
+.stack
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/uf2conv.py
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/uf2conv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import sys
+import struct
+import subprocess
+import re
+import os
+import os.path
+import argparse
+import json
+from time import sleep
+
+
+UF2_MAGIC_START0 = 0x0A324655 # "UF2\n"
+UF2_MAGIC_START1 = 0x9E5D5157 # Randomly selected
+UF2_MAGIC_END    = 0x0AB16F30 # Ditto
+
+INFO_FILE = "/INFO_UF2.TXT"
+
+appstartaddr = 0x2000
+familyid = 0x0
+
+
+def is_uf2(buf):
+    w = struct.unpack("<II", buf[0:8])
+    return w[0] == UF2_MAGIC_START0 and w[1] == UF2_MAGIC_START1
+
+def is_hex(buf):
+    try:
+        w = buf[0:30].decode("utf-8")
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return False
+    if w[0] == ':' and re.match(rb"^[:0-9a-fA-F\r\n]+$", buf):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+def convert_from_uf2(buf):
+    global appstartaddr
+    global familyid
+    numblocks = len(buf) // 512
+    curraddr = None
+    currfamilyid = None
+    families_found = {}
+    prev_flag = None
+    all_flags_same = True
+    outp = []
+    for blockno in range(numblocks):
+        ptr = blockno * 512
+        block = buf[ptr:ptr + 512]
+        hd = struct.unpack(b"<IIIIIIII", block[0:32])
+        if hd[0] != UF2_MAGIC_START0 or hd[1] != UF2_MAGIC_START1:
+            print("Skipping block at " + ptr + "; bad magic")
+            continue
+        if hd[2] & 1:
+            # NO-flash flag set; skip block
+            continue
+        datalen = hd[4]
+        if datalen > 476:
+            assert False, "Invalid UF2 data size at " + ptr
+        newaddr = hd[3]
+        if (hd[2] & 0x2000) and (currfamilyid == None):
+            currfamilyid = hd[7]
+        if curraddr == None or ((hd[2] & 0x2000) and hd[7] != currfamilyid):
+            currfamilyid = hd[7]
+            curraddr = newaddr
+            if familyid == 0x0 or familyid == hd[7]:
+                appstartaddr = newaddr
+        padding = newaddr - curraddr
+        if padding < 0:
+            assert False, "Block out of order at " + ptr
+        if padding > 10*1024*1024:
+            assert False, "More than 10M of padding needed at " + ptr
+        if padding % 4 != 0:
+            assert False, "Non-word padding size at " + ptr
+        while padding > 0:
+            padding -= 4
+            outp.append(b"\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        if familyid == 0x0 or ((hd[2] & 0x2000) and familyid == hd[7]):
+            outp.append(block[32 : 32 + datalen])
+        curraddr = newaddr + datalen
+        if hd[2] & 0x2000:
+            if hd[7] in families_found.keys():
+                if families_found[hd[7]] > newaddr:
+                    families_found[hd[7]] = newaddr
+            else:
+                families_found[hd[7]] = newaddr
+        if prev_flag == None:
+            prev_flag = hd[2]
+        if prev_flag != hd[2]:
+            all_flags_same = False
+        if blockno == (numblocks - 1):
+            print("--- UF2 File Header Info ---")
+            families = load_families()
+            for family_hex in families_found.keys():
+                family_short_name = ""
+                for name, value in families.items():
+                    if value == family_hex:
+                        family_short_name = name
+                print("Family ID is {:s}, hex value is 0x{:08x}".format(family_short_name,family_hex))
+                print("Target Address is 0x{:08x}".format(families_found[family_hex]))
+            if all_flags_same:
+                print("All block flag values consistent, 0x{:04x}".format(hd[2]))
+            else:
+                print("Flags were not all the same")
+            print("----------------------------")
+            if len(families_found) > 1 and familyid == 0x0:
+                outp = []
+                appstartaddr = 0x0
+    return b"".join(outp)
+
+def convert_to_carray(file_content):
+    outp = "const unsigned long bindata_len = %d;\n" % len(file_content)
+    outp += "const unsigned char bindata[] __attribute__((aligned(16))) = {"
+    for i in range(len(file_content)):
+        if i % 16 == 0:
+            outp += "\n"
+        outp += "0x%02x, " % file_content[i]
+    outp += "\n};\n"
+    return bytes(outp, "utf-8")
+
+def convert_to_uf2(file_content):
+    global familyid
+    datapadding = b""
+    while len(datapadding) < 512 - 256 - 32 - 4:
+        datapadding += b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    numblocks = (len(file_content) + 255) // 256
+    outp = []
+    for blockno in range(numblocks):
+        ptr = 256 * blockno
+        chunk = file_content[ptr:ptr + 256]
+        flags = 0x0
+        if familyid:
+            flags |= 0x2000
+        hd = struct.pack(b"<IIIIIIII",
+            UF2_MAGIC_START0, UF2_MAGIC_START1,
+            flags, ptr + appstartaddr, 256, blockno, numblocks, familyid)
+        while len(chunk) < 256:
+            chunk += b"\x00"
+        block = hd + chunk + datapadding + struct.pack(b"<I", UF2_MAGIC_END)
+        assert len(block) == 512
+        outp.append(block)
+    return b"".join(outp)
+
+class Block:
+    def __init__(self, addr, default_data=0xFF):
+        self.addr = addr
+        self.bytes = bytearray([default_data] * 256)
+
+    def encode(self, blockno, numblocks):
+        global familyid
+        flags = 0x0
+        if familyid:
+            flags |= 0x2000
+        hd = struct.pack("<IIIIIIII",
+            UF2_MAGIC_START0, UF2_MAGIC_START1,
+            flags, self.addr, 256, blockno, numblocks, familyid)
+        hd += self.bytes[0:256]
+        while len(hd) < 512 - 4:
+            hd += b"\x00"
+        hd += struct.pack("<I", UF2_MAGIC_END)
+        return hd
+
+def convert_from_hex_to_uf2(buf):
+    global appstartaddr
+    appstartaddr = None
+    upper = 0
+    currblock = None
+    blocks = []
+    for line in buf.split('\n'):
+        if line[0] != ":":
+            continue
+        i = 1
+        rec = []
+        while i < len(line) - 1:
+            rec.append(int(line[i:i+2], 16))
+            i += 2
+        tp = rec[3]
+        if tp == 4:
+            upper = ((rec[4] << 8) | rec[5]) << 16
+        elif tp == 2:
+            upper = ((rec[4] << 8) | rec[5]) << 4
+        elif tp == 1:
+            break
+        elif tp == 0:
+            addr = upper + ((rec[1] << 8) | rec[2])
+            if appstartaddr == None:
+                appstartaddr = addr
+            i = 4
+            while i < len(rec) - 1:
+                if not currblock or currblock.addr & ~0xff != addr & ~0xff:
+                    currblock = Block(addr & ~0xff)
+                    blocks.append(currblock)
+                currblock.bytes[addr & 0xff] = rec[i]
+                addr += 1
+                i += 1
+    numblocks = len(blocks)
+    resfile = b""
+    for i in range(0, numblocks):
+        resfile += blocks[i].encode(i, numblocks)
+    return resfile
+
+def to_str(b):
+    return b.decode("utf-8")
+
+def get_drives():
+    drives = []
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        r = subprocess.check_output([
+            "powershell",
+            "-Command",
+            '(Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk -Filter "VolumeName=\'RPI-RP2\'").DeviceID'
+            ])
+        drive = to_str(r).strip()
+        if drive:
+            drives.append(drive)
+    else:
+        searchpaths = ["/mnt", "/media"]
+        if sys.platform == "darwin":
+            searchpaths = ["/Volumes"]
+        elif sys.platform == "linux":
+            searchpaths += ["/media/" + os.environ["USER"], "/run/media/" + os.environ["USER"]]
+            if "SUDO_USER" in os.environ.keys():
+                searchpaths += ["/media/" + os.environ["SUDO_USER"]]
+                searchpaths += ["/run/media/" + os.environ["SUDO_USER"]]
+
+        for rootpath in searchpaths:
+            if os.path.isdir(rootpath):
+                for d in os.listdir(rootpath):
+                    if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(rootpath, d)):
+                        drives.append(os.path.join(rootpath, d))
+
+
+    def has_info(d):
+        try:
+            return os.path.isfile(d + INFO_FILE)
+        except:
+            return False
+
+    return list(filter(has_info, drives))
+
+
+def board_id(path):
+    with open(path + INFO_FILE, mode='r') as file:
+        file_content = file.read()
+    return re.search(r"Board-ID: ([^\r\n]*)", file_content).group(1)
+
+
+def list_drives():
+    for d in get_drives():
+        print(d, board_id(d))
+
+
+def write_file(name, buf):
+    with open(name, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(buf)
+    print("Wrote %d bytes to %s" % (len(buf), name))
+
+
+def load_families():
+    # The expectation is that the `uf2families.json` file is in the same
+    # directory as this script. Make a path that works using `__file__`
+    # which contains the full path to this script.
+    filename = "uf2families.json"
+    pathname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), filename)
+    with open(pathname) as f:
+        raw_families = json.load(f)
+
+    families = {}
+    for family in raw_families:
+        families[family["short_name"]] = int(family["id"], 0)
+
+    return families
+
+
+def main():
+    global appstartaddr, familyid
+    def error(msg):
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Convert to UF2 or flash directly.')
+    parser.add_argument('input', metavar='INPUT', type=str, nargs='?',
+                        help='input file (HEX, BIN or UF2)')
+    parser.add_argument('-b', '--base', dest='base', type=str,
+                        default="0x2000",
+                        help='set base address of application for BIN format (default: 0x2000)')
+    parser.add_argument('-f', '--family', dest='family', type=str,
+                        default="0x0",
+                        help='specify familyID - number or name (default: 0x0)')
+    parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', metavar="FILE", dest='output', type=str,
+                        help='write output to named file; defaults to "flash.uf2" or "flash.bin" where sensible')
+    parser.add_argument('-d', '--device', dest="device_path",
+                        help='select a device path to flash')
+    parser.add_argument('-l', '--list', action='store_true',
+                        help='list connected devices')
+    parser.add_argument('-c', '--convert', action='store_true',
+                        help='do not flash, just convert')
+    parser.add_argument('-D', '--deploy', action='store_true',
+                        help='just flash, do not convert')
+    parser.add_argument('-w', '--wait', action='store_true',
+                        help='wait for device to flash')
+    parser.add_argument('-C', '--carray', action='store_true',
+                        help='convert binary file to a C array, not UF2')
+    parser.add_argument('-i', '--info', action='store_true',
+                        help='display header information from UF2, do not convert')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    appstartaddr = int(args.base, 0)
+
+    families = load_families()
+
+    if args.family.upper() in families:
+        familyid = families[args.family.upper()]
+    else:
+        try:
+            familyid = int(args.family, 0)
+        except ValueError:
+            error("Family ID needs to be a number or one of: " + ", ".join(families.keys()))
+
+    if args.list:
+        list_drives()
+    else:
+        if not args.input:
+            error("Need input file")
+        with open(args.input, mode='rb') as f:
+            inpbuf = f.read()
+        from_uf2 = is_uf2(inpbuf)
+        ext = "uf2"
+        if args.deploy:
+            outbuf = inpbuf
+        elif from_uf2 and not args.info:
+            outbuf = convert_from_uf2(inpbuf)
+            ext = "bin"
+        elif from_uf2 and args.info:
+            outbuf = ""
+            convert_from_uf2(inpbuf)
+        elif is_hex(inpbuf):
+            outbuf = convert_from_hex_to_uf2(inpbuf.decode("utf-8"))
+        elif args.carray:
+            outbuf = convert_to_carray(inpbuf)
+            ext = "h"
+        else:
+            outbuf = convert_to_uf2(inpbuf)
+        if not args.deploy and not args.info:
+            print("Converted to %s, output size: %d, start address: 0x%x" %
+                  (ext, len(outbuf), appstartaddr))
+        if args.convert or ext != "uf2":
+            if args.output == None:
+                args.output = "flash." + ext
+        if args.output:
+            write_file(args.output, outbuf)
+        if ext == "uf2" and not args.convert and not args.info:
+            drives = get_drives()
+            if len(drives) == 0:
+                if args.wait:
+                    print("Waiting for drive to deploy...")
+                    while len(drives) == 0:
+                        sleep(0.1)
+                        drives = get_drives()
+                elif not args.output:
+                    error("No drive to deploy.")
+            for d in drives:
+                print("Flashing %s (%s)" % (d, board_id(d)))
+                write_file(d + "/NEW.UF2", outbuf)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
--- a/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/uf2families.json
+++ b/RA-0x0001-GPIO-Output/uf2families.json
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+[
+    {
+        "id": "0x16573617",
+        "short_name": "ATMEGA32",
+        "description": "Microchip (Atmel) ATmega32"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x1851780a",
+        "short_name": "SAML21",
+        "description": "Microchip (Atmel) SAML21"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x1b57745f",
+        "short_name": "NRF52",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x1c5f21b0",
+        "short_name": "ESP32",
+        "description": "ESP32"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x1e1f432d",
+        "short_name": "STM32L1",
+        "description": "ST STM32L1xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x202e3a91",
+        "short_name": "STM32L0",
+        "description": "ST STM32L0xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x21460ff0",
+        "short_name": "STM32WL",
+        "description": "ST STM32WLxx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x22e0d6fc",
+        "short_name": "RTL8710B",
+        "description": "Realtek AmebaZ RTL8710B"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x2abc77ec",
+        "short_name": "LPC55",
+        "description": "NXP LPC55xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x300f5633",
+        "short_name": "STM32G0",
+        "description": "ST STM32G0xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x31d228c6",
+        "short_name": "GD32F350",
+        "description": "GD32F350"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x3379CFE2",
+        "short_name": "RTL8720D",
+        "description": "Realtek AmebaD RTL8720D"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x04240bdf",
+        "short_name": "STM32L5",
+        "description": "ST STM32L5xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x4c71240a",
+        "short_name": "STM32G4",
+        "description": "ST STM32G4xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x4fb2d5bd",
+        "short_name": "MIMXRT10XX",
+        "description": "NXP i.MX RT10XX"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x51e903a8",
+        "short_name": "XR809",
+        "description": "Xradiotech 809"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x53b80f00",
+        "short_name": "STM32F7",
+        "description": "ST STM32F7xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x55114460",
+        "short_name": "SAMD51",
+        "description": "Microchip (Atmel) SAMD51"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x57755a57",
+        "short_name": "STM32F4",
+        "description": "ST STM32F4xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x5a18069b",
+        "short_name": "FX2",
+        "description": "Cypress FX2"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x5d1a0a2e",
+        "short_name": "STM32F2",
+        "description": "ST STM32F2xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x5ee21072",
+        "short_name": "STM32F1",
+        "description": "ST STM32F103"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x621e937a",
+        "short_name": "NRF52833",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52833"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x647824b6",
+        "short_name": "STM32F0",
+        "description": "ST STM32F0xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x675a40b0",
+        "short_name": "BK7231U",
+        "description": "Beken 7231U/7231T"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x68ed2b88",
+        "short_name": "SAMD21",
+        "description": "Microchip (Atmel) SAMD21"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6a82cc42",
+        "short_name": "BK7251",
+        "description": "Beken 7251/7252"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6b846188",
+        "short_name": "STM32F3",
+        "description": "ST STM32F3xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6d0922fa",
+        "short_name": "STM32F407",
+        "description": "ST STM32F407"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x4e8f1c5d",
+        "short_name": "STM32H5",
+        "description": "ST STM32H5xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6db66082",
+        "short_name": "STM32H7",
+        "description": "ST STM32H7xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x70d16653",
+        "short_name": "STM32WB",
+        "description": "ST STM32WBxx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x7b3ef230",
+        "short_name": "BK7231N",
+        "description": "Beken 7231N"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x7eab61ed",
+        "short_name": "ESP8266",
+        "description": "ESP8266"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x7f83e793",
+        "short_name": "KL32L2",
+        "description": "NXP KL32L2x"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x8fb060fe",
+        "short_name": "STM32F407VG",
+        "description": "ST STM32F407VG"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x9fffd543",
+        "short_name": "RTL8710A",
+        "description": "Realtek Ameba1 RTL8710A"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xada52840",
+        "short_name": "NRF52840",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52840"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x820d9a5f",
+        "short_name": "NRF52820",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52820_xxAA"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xbfdd4eee",
+        "short_name": "ESP32S2",
+        "description": "ESP32-S2"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xc47e5767",
+        "short_name": "ESP32S3",
+        "description": "ESP32-S3"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xd42ba06c",
+        "short_name": "ESP32C3",
+        "description": "ESP32-C3"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x2b88d29c",
+        "short_name": "ESP32C2",
+        "description": "ESP32-C2"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x332726f6",
+        "short_name": "ESP32H2",
+        "description": "ESP32-H2"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x540ddf62",
+        "short_name": "ESP32C6",
+        "description": "ESP32-C6"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x3d308e94",
+        "short_name": "ESP32P4",
+        "description": "ESP32-P4"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xf71c0343",
+        "short_name": "ESP32C5",
+        "description": "ESP32-C5"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x77d850c4",
+        "short_name": "ESP32C61",
+        "description": "ESP32-C61"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xb6dd00af",
+        "short_name": "ESP32H21",
+        "description": "ESP32-H21"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x9e0baa8a",
+        "short_name": "ESP32H4",
+        "description": "ESP32-H4"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xde1270b7",
+        "short_name": "BL602",
+        "description": "Boufallo 602"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe08f7564",
+        "short_name": "RTL8720C",
+        "description": "Realtek AmebaZ2 RTL8720C"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff56",
+        "short_name": "RP2040",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi RP2040"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff57",
+        "short_name": "RP2XXX_ABSOLUTE",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi Microcontrollers: Absolute (unpartitioned) download"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff58",
+        "short_name": "RP2XXX_DATA",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi Microcontrollers: Data partition download"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff59",
+        "short_name": "RP2350_ARM_S",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, Secure Arm image"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff5a",
+        "short_name": "RP2350_RISCV",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, RISC-V image"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xe48bff5b",
+        "short_name": "RP2350_ARM_NS",
+        "description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, Non-secure Arm image"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x00ff6919",
+        "short_name": "STM32L4",
+        "description": "ST STM32L4xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x9af03e33",
+        "short_name": "GD32VF103",
+        "description": "GigaDevice GD32VF103"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x4f6ace52",
+        "short_name": "CSK4",
+        "description": "LISTENAI CSK300x/400x"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6e7348a8",
+        "short_name": "CSK6",
+        "description": "LISTENAI CSK60xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x11de784a",
+        "short_name": "M0SENSE",
+        "description": "M0SENSE BL702"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x4b684d71",
+        "short_name": "MaixPlay-U4",
+        "description": "Sipeed MaixPlay-U4(BL618)"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x9517422f",
+        "short_name": "RZA1LU",
+        "description": "Renesas RZ/A1LU (R7S7210xx)"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x2dc309c5",
+        "short_name": "STM32F411xE",
+        "description": "ST STM32F411xE"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x06d1097b",
+        "short_name": "STM32F411xC",
+        "description": "ST STM32F411xC"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x72721d4e",
+        "short_name": "NRF52832xxAA",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52832xxAA"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x6f752678",
+        "short_name": "NRF52832xxAB",
+        "description": "Nordic NRF52832xxAB"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xa0c97b8e",
+        "short_name": "AT32F415",
+        "description": "ArteryTek AT32F415"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x699b62ec",
+        "short_name": "CH32V",
+        "description": "WCH CH32V2xx and CH32V3xx"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x7be8976d",
+        "short_name": "RA4M1",
+        "description": "Renesas RA4M1"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x7410520a",
+        "short_name": "MAX32690",
+        "description": "Analog Devices MAX32690"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xd63f8632",
+        "short_name": "MAX32650",
+        "description": "Analog Devices MAX32650/1/2"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0xf0c30d71",
+        "short_name": "MAX32666",
+        "description": "Analog Devices MAX32665/6"
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "0x91d3fd18",
+        "short_name": "MAX78002",
+        "description": "Analog Devices MAX78002"
+    }
+]