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Parse Android browser history databases
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# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
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# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
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# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
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# https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
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import json
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import sqlite3
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import zipfile
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from pathlib import Path
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import pytest
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from mvt.android.modules.androidqf.browser_history import (
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BrowserHistory as AndroidQFBrowserHistory,
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)
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from mvt.android.modules.fs.browser_history import BrowserHistory as FSBrowserHistory
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from mvt.android.cmd_check_fs import CmdAndroidCheckFS
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CHROME_TIME = 13_348_540_800_000_000
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URL = "https://example.org/path"
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def create_history_database(path: Path, *, url: str = URL) -> None:
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path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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with sqlite3.connect(path) as connection:
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connection.executescript(
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"""
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CREATE TABLE urls (
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id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
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url TEXT,
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title TEXT,
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visit_count INTEGER,
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typed_count INTEGER
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);
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CREATE TABLE visits (
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id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
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url INTEGER,
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visit_time INTEGER,
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from_visit INTEGER,
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transition INTEGER
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);
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"""
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)
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connection.execute("INSERT INTO urls VALUES (1, ?, 'Example', 1, 0)", (url,))
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connection.execute(
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"INSERT INTO visits VALUES (7, 1, ?, 0, 805306368)",
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(CHROME_TIME,),
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)
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def manifest(database_paths: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> dict:
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return {
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"schema_version": 1,
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"status": "collected",
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"databases": [
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{
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"browser": "Chrome",
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"package": package,
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"profile": "Default",
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"device_path": f"/data/data/{package}/app_chrome/Default/History",
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"archive_path": archive_path,
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"sidecars": [],
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}
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for package, archive_path in database_paths
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],
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}
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_zip", [False, True])
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def test_androidqf_browser_history_directory_and_zip(tmp_path, use_zip):
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source_database = tmp_path / "source" / "History"
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create_history_database(source_database)
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archive_path = "browser_history/com.android.chrome/Default/History"
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manifest_data = manifest([("com.android.chrome", archive_path)])
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module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
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if use_zip:
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acquisition_path = tmp_path / "acquisition.zip"
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with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition_path, "w") as archive:
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archive.write(source_database, archive_path)
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archive.writestr("browser_history/manifest.json", json.dumps(manifest_data))
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with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition_path) as archive:
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module.from_zip(archive, archive.namelist())
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module.run()
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else:
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acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
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database_path = acquisition / archive_path
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database_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
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database_path.write_bytes(source_database.read_bytes())
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manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
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manifest_path.write_text(json.dumps(manifest_data))
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files = [
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path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()
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for path in acquisition.rglob("*")
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if path.is_file()
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]
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module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), files)
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module.run()
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assert len(module.results) == 1
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assert module.results[0]["url"] == URL
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assert module.results[0]["browser"] == "Chrome"
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assert module.results[0]["source_path"].endswith("/History")
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module.collect_url_results()
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module.to_timeline()
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assert module.url_results[0]["url"] == URL
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assert module.timeline[0]["event"] == "browser_history"
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def test_androidqf_browser_history_isolates_malformed_database(tmp_path, caplog):
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acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
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good_archive_path = "browser_history/com.android.chrome/Default/History"
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bad_archive_path = "browser_history/com.brave.browser/Default/History"
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create_history_database(acquisition / good_archive_path)
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bad_path = acquisition / bad_archive_path
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bad_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
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bad_path.write_bytes(b"not sqlite")
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manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
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manifest_path.write_text(
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json.dumps(
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manifest(
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[
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("com.brave.browser", bad_archive_path),
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("com.android.chrome", good_archive_path),
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]
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)
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)
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)
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module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
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files = [
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path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()
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for path in acquisition.rglob("*")
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if path.is_file()
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]
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module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), files)
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module.run()
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assert [result["url"] for result in module.results] == [URL]
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assert "Unable to parse browser history database" in caplog.text
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def test_androidqf_browser_history_rejects_unsafe_manifest_path(tmp_path, caplog):
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acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
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manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
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manifest_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
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manifest_path.write_text(
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json.dumps(manifest([("com.android.chrome", "browser_history/../secret")]))
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)
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module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
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module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), [manifest_path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()])
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module.run()
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assert module.results == []
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assert "unsafe browser history archive path" in caplog.text
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def test_filesystem_browser_history_reads_wal_only_visit(tmp_path):
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database_path = tmp_path / "History"
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connection = sqlite3.connect(database_path)
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connection.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
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connection.executescript(
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"""
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CREATE TABLE urls (
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id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
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url TEXT,
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title TEXT,
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visit_count INTEGER,
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typed_count INTEGER
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);
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CREATE TABLE visits (
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id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
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url INTEGER,
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visit_time INTEGER,
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from_visit INTEGER,
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transition INTEGER
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);
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"""
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)
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connection.commit()
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connection.execute("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)")
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connection.execute("INSERT INTO urls VALUES (1, ?, 'WAL', 1, 0)", (URL,))
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connection.execute(
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"INSERT INTO visits VALUES (8, 1, ?, 0, 805306368)", (CHROME_TIME,)
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)
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connection.commit()
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try:
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assert Path(f"{database_path}-wal").stat().st_size > 0
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module = FSBrowserHistory(target_path=str(database_path))
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module.run()
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finally:
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connection.close()
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assert [result["url"] for result in module.results] == [URL]
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assert module.results[0]["browser"] == "Chromium"
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def test_android_check_fs_finds_all_supported_browser_paths(tmp_path):
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for index, relative_path in enumerate(
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(
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"data/data/com.android.chrome/app_chrome/Default/History",
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"data/data/com.brave.browser/app_chrome/Default/History",
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"data/data/com.microsoft.emmx/app_chrome/Default/History",
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"data/data/com.sec.android.app.sbrowser/app_sbrowser/Default/History",
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)
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):
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create_history_database(
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tmp_path / relative_path, url=f"https://example.org/{index}"
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)
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command = CmdAndroidCheckFS(target_path=str(tmp_path), module_name="BrowserHistory")
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command.run()
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assert len(command.executed) == 1
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assert {result["package"] for result in command.executed[0].results} == {
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"com.android.chrome",
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"com.brave.browser",
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"com.microsoft.emmx",
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"com.sec.android.app.sbrowser",
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}
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assert len(command.url_results) == 4
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assert len(command.timeline) == 4
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