Check stable results in parallel module tests

README.md

@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ writing and installing them, and the
 [custom CLI command documentation](https://docs.mvt.re/en/latest/development/custom_commands/)
 for the entry points a package registers commands in.
 
+Extraction commands run independent modules concurrently with four workers by
+default. Use `--jobs 1` for sequential execution or another positive value to
+set the worker limit. Dependencies retain their declared ordering, and parallel
+console logs are printed as grouped module blocks.
+
 
 ## License
 

docs/android/methodology.md

@@ -62,27 +62,6 @@ AndroidQF will prompt the user to download, decrypt and collect device intrusion
 
 For cases where intrusion logs were collected outside of an AndroidQF acquisition, the standalone `mvt-android check-intrusion-logs` command can analyse them directly. See [Check Android Intrusion Logs](intrusion_logs.md) for details, and the [feature announcment from Amnesty International's Security Lab](https://securitylab.amnesty.org/latest/2026/05/android-intrusion-logging-as-a-new-source-of-data-for-consensual-forensic-analysis/) for background on the data source.
 
-## Browser history
-
-AndroidQF can optionally collect browser `History` databases when a device
-already has working root access. When its acquisition contains the
-`browser_history/manifest.json` file, `mvt-android check-androidqf` parses every
-listed database, including any collected SQLite WAL and SHM sidecars. Browser
-visits are added to the module results, timeline, URL output, and indicator
-checks.
-
-MVT can also inspect the supported database locations in a full Android
-filesystem dump, or inspect one explicitly supplied Chromium `History` file:
-
-```bash
-mvt-android check-fs --output /path/to/results /path/to/filesystem-dump
-mvt-android check-fs --output /path/to/results /path/to/History
-```
-
-The built-in locations cover Chrome, Brave, Microsoft Edge, and Samsung
-Internet. Other Chromium-compatible databases can be supplied explicitly as a
-file without assigning an unverified browser identity.
-
 ## Android Debug Bridge analysis removed
 
 The ability to analyze Android devices directly over ADB has been removed from MVT. Direct extraction of data from ADB was error-prone and frequently resulted in inconsistent data collection between ADB and AndroidQF acquisitions. Use AndroidQF for device acquisition and `mvt-android check-androidqf` for analysis.

docs/development/index.md

@@ -46,6 +46,33 @@ on it, and runs the rest of the analysis. Selecting such a module with
 A cycle in the dependency graph is a programming error rather than a
 configuration problem: the command logs a warning and runs no modules at all.
 
+## Parallel module execution
+
+Extraction modules run concurrently, using four worker threads by default. Use
+`--jobs INTEGER` to change the worker limit, or `--jobs 1` for sequential
+execution and live per-line logging:
+
+```bash
+mvt-ios check-backup --jobs 8 --output ./out ./backup
+```
+
+The scheduler starts a module only after all of its declared dependencies have
+completed. Results, alerts, and timeline entries are still aggregated in stable
+topological order. During parallel execution, console records from each module
+are buffered and printed together as a labeled block when that module finishes;
+`command.log` is written immediately and retains the complete log stream.
+
+Parallel-safe modules must log through `self.log`, must not write directly to
+stdout or stderr, and must not mutate shared global state. A module that uses a
+non-thread-safe resource or direct terminal output can opt out:
+
+```python
+class TerminalModule(MVTModule):
+    parallel_safe = False
+```
+
+Such modules run synchronously and exclusively after active workers finish.
+
 ## Custom modules
 
 MVT's module-running `check-*` commands can run forensic modules which are not
@@ -382,7 +409,8 @@ module came from:
 Some MVT modules extract and process significant amounts of data during the analysis process or while checking results against known indicators. Care must be
 take to avoid inefficient code paths as we add new modules.
 
-MVT modules can be profiled with Python built-in `cProfile` by setting the `MVT_PROFILE` environment variable.
+MVT modules can be profiled with Python built-in `cProfile` by setting the `MVT_PROFILE` environment variable. Profiling forces sequential execution even
+when `--jobs` is greater than one.
 
 ```bash
 MVT_PROFILE=1 dev/mvt-ios check-backup test_backup

docs/docker.md

@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ docker run --rm -it \
     ghcr.io/mvt-project/mvt:latest-ios lockdown info
 ```
 
-If you built the image from source, replace `ghcr.io/mvt-project/mvt` with `mvt`. 
+If you built the image from source, replace `ghcr.io/mvt-project/mvt` with `mvt`.

src/mvt/android/artifacts/browser_history.py

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import sqlite3
-import shutil
-import tempfile
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
-
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleAtomicResult, ModuleSerializedResult
-from mvt.common.utils import convert_chrometime_to_datetime, convert_datetime_to_iso
-
-from .artifact import AndroidArtifact
-
-
-class BrowserHistoryArtifact(AndroidArtifact):
-    """Shared Chromium History database parsing and result handling."""
-
-    def _parse_browser_history(
-        self,
-        connection: sqlite3.Connection,
-        *,
-        browser: str,
-        package: str,
-        profile: str,
-        source_path: str,
-    ) -> None:
-        cursor = connection.cursor()
-        try:
-            cursor.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT
-                    urls.id,
-                    urls.url,
-                    urls.title,
-                    urls.visit_count,
-                    urls.typed_count,
-                    visits.id,
-                    visits.visit_time,
-                    visits.from_visit,
-                    visits.transition
-                FROM urls
-                JOIN visits ON visits.url = urls.id
-                ORDER BY visits.visit_time;
-                """
-            )
-            for row in cursor:
-                timestamp = int(row[6])
-                self.results.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": row[0],
-                        "url": row[1],
-                        "title": row[2],
-                        "visit_count": row[3],
-                        "typed_count": row[4],
-                        "visit_id": row[5],
-                        "timestamp": timestamp,
-                        "isodate": convert_datetime_to_iso(
-                            convert_chrometime_to_datetime(timestamp)
-                        ),
-                        "redirect_source": row[7],
-                        "transition": row[8],
-                        "browser": browser,
-                        "package": package,
-                        "profile": profile,
-                        "source_path": source_path,
-                    }
-                )
-        finally:
-            cursor.close()
-
-    def serialize(self, record: ModuleAtomicResult) -> ModuleSerializedResult:
-        return {
-            "timestamp": record["isodate"],
-            "module": self.__class__.__name__,
-            "event": "browser_history",
-            "data": (
-                f"{record['browser']} visit to {record['url']} "
-                f"(visit ID: {record['visit_id']}, profile: {record['profile']})"
-            ),
-        }
-
-    def check_indicators(self) -> None:
-        if not self.indicators:
-            return
-
-        for result, match in zip(
-            self.results,
-            self.indicators.check_url_batches(
-                [[result["url"]] for result in self.results]
-            ),
-        ):
-            if match:
-                self.alertstore.critical(
-                    match.message, "", result, matched_indicator=match.ioc
-                )
-
-    def collect_url_results(self) -> None:
-        for result in self.results:
-            self.add_url_result(result["url"], result.get("isodate"), "browser_history")
-
-
-class TemporarySQLiteConnection(sqlite3.Connection):
-    temporary_directory: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
-
-    def close(self) -> None:
-        try:
-            super().close()
-        finally:
-            if self.temporary_directory:
-                self.temporary_directory.cleanup()
-                self.temporary_directory = None
-
-
-def open_browser_history_database(database_path: Path) -> sqlite3.Connection:
-    """Open a staged History database without modifying forensic evidence."""
-    database_uri = database_path.resolve().as_uri()
-    if not Path(f"{database_path}-wal").is_file():
-        return sqlite3.connect(f"{database_uri}?mode=ro&immutable=1", uri=True)
-
-    temporary_directory = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="mvt_sqlite_")
-    temporary_path = Path(temporary_directory.name) / database_path.name
-    shutil.copy2(database_path, temporary_path)
-    for suffix in ("-wal", "-shm"):
-        sidecar = Path(f"{database_path}{suffix}")
-        if sidecar.is_file():
-            shutil.copy2(sidecar, Path(f"{temporary_path}{suffix}"))
-
-    try:
-        connection = sqlite3.connect(
-            f"{temporary_path.resolve().as_uri()}?mode=ro",
-            uri=True,
-            factory=TemporarySQLiteConnection,
-        )
-    except Exception:
-        temporary_directory.cleanup()
-        raise
-    connection.temporary_directory = temporary_directory
-    return connection
-
-
-def validate_manifest_database(database: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    if not isinstance(database, dict):
-        raise ValueError("database entry is not an object")
-
-    required = ("browser", "package", "profile", "device_path", "archive_path")
-    for field in required:
-        if not isinstance(database.get(field), str) or not database[field]:
-            raise ValueError(f"database entry has invalid {field}")
-
-    archive_path = database["archive_path"]
-    path = Path(archive_path)
-    if (
-        "\\" in archive_path
-        or path.is_absolute()
-        or ".." in path.parts
-        or path.parts[:1] != ("browser_history",)
-    ):
-        raise ValueError(f"unsafe browser history archive path: {archive_path}")
-    return database

src/mvt/android/cli.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from mvt.common.help import (
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROID_BACKUP,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_ANDROIDQF,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_BUGREPORT,
-    HELP_MSG_CHECK_FS,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_IOCS,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_INTRUSION_LOGS,
     HELP_MSG_DELAY_CHECKS,
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ from mvt.common.help import (
     HELP_MSG_DISABLE_UPDATE_CHECK,
     HELP_MSG_HASHES,
     HELP_MSG_IOC,
+    HELP_MSG_JOBS,
     HELP_MSG_LIST_MODULES,
     HELP_MSG_LOAD_MODULE,
     HELP_MSG_MODULE,
@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ def check_adb(ctx):
     ),
 )
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("BUGREPORT_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_bugreport(
@@ -173,6 +176,7 @@ def check_bugreport(
     load_module,
     timezone,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     bugreport_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_bugreport import CmdAndroidCheckBugreport
@@ -195,6 +199,7 @@ def check_bugreport(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -237,6 +242,9 @@ def check_bugreport(
 @click.option("--non-interactive", "-n", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_NONINTERACTIVE)
 @click.option("--backup-password", "-p", help=HELP_MSG_ANDROID_BACKUP_PASSWORD)
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("BACKUP_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_backup(
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ def check_backup(
     non_interactive,
     backup_password,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     backup_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_backup import CmdAndroidCheckBackup
@@ -269,6 +278,7 @@ def check_backup(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -312,6 +322,9 @@ def check_backup(
 @click.option("--non-interactive", "-n", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_NONINTERACTIVE)
 @click.option("--backup-password", "-p", help=HELP_MSG_ANDROID_BACKUP_PASSWORD)
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("ANDROIDQF_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_androidqf(
@@ -327,6 +340,7 @@ def check_androidqf(
     non_interactive,
     backup_password,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     androidqf_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_androidqf import CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF
@@ -350,6 +364,7 @@ def check_androidqf(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -362,59 +377,6 @@ def check_androidqf(
     cmd.show_support_message()
 
 
-# ==============================================================================
-# Command: check-fs
-# ==============================================================================
-@cli.command("check-fs", context_settings=CONTEXT_SETTINGS, help=HELP_MSG_CHECK_FS)
-@click.option(
-    "--iocs",
-    "-i",
-    type=click.Path(exists=True),
-    multiple=True,
-    default=[],
-    help=HELP_MSG_IOC,
-)
-@click.option("--output", "-o", type=click.Path(exists=False), help=HELP_MSG_OUTPUT)
-@click.option("--list-modules", "-l", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_LIST_MODULES)
-@click.option("--module", "-m", help=HELP_MSG_MODULE)
-@click.option(
-    "--load-module",
-    type=click.Path(exists=True),
-    multiple=True,
-    default=[],
-    help=HELP_MSG_LOAD_MODULE,
-)
-@click.option("--hashes", "-H", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_HASHES)
-@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE)
-@click.argument("DUMP_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
-@click.pass_context
-def check_fs(
-    ctx, iocs, output, list_modules, module, load_module, hashes, verbose, dump_path
-):
-    set_verbose_logging(verbose)
-    custom_modules = _load_custom_modules(load_module)
-    from .cmd_check_fs import CmdAndroidCheckFS
-
-    cmd = CmdAndroidCheckFS(
-        target_path=dump_path,
-        results_path=output,
-        ioc_files=iocs,
-        module_name=module,
-        hashes=hashes,
-        disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
-        disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
-        custom_modules=custom_modules,
-    )
-    if list_modules:
-        cmd.list_modules()
-        return
-
-    log.info("Checking Android filesystem located at: %s", dump_path)
-    cmd.run()
-    cmd.show_alerts_brief()
-    cmd.show_support_message()
-
-
 # ==============================================================================
 # Command: check-intrusion-logs
 # ==============================================================================
@@ -452,6 +414,9 @@ def check_fs(
     ),
 )
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("LOGS_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_intrusion_logs(
@@ -463,6 +428,7 @@ def check_intrusion_logs(
     load_module,
     timezone,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     logs_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_intrusion_logs import CmdAndroidCheckIntrusionLogs
@@ -483,6 +449,7 @@ def check_intrusion_logs(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_androidqf.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "android"
@@ -259,6 +261,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
                 hashes=self.hashes,
                 sub_command=True,
                 custom_modules=self.custom_modules,
+                jobs=self.jobs,
             )
             cmd.from_zip(bugreport)
             cmd.run()
@@ -290,6 +293,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
             hashes=self.hashes,
             sub_command=True,
             custom_modules=self.custom_modules,
+            jobs=self.jobs,
         )
         try:
             cmd.from_ab(backup)
@@ -376,6 +380,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(Command):
                 hashes=self.hashes,
                 sub_command=True,
                 custom_modules=self.custom_modules,
+                jobs=self.jobs,
             )
             cmd.run()
 

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_backup.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBackup(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBackup(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "android"

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_bugreport.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBugreport(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckBugreport(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "android"

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_fs.py

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import logging
-from typing import Optional
-
-from mvt.common.command import Command
-from mvt.common.indicators import Indicators
-from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
-
-from .modules.fs import FS_MODULES
-
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class CmdAndroidCheckFS(Command):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        ioc_files: Optional[list] = None,
-        iocs: Optional[Indicators] = None,
-        module_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        hashes: bool = False,
-        disable_version_check: bool = False,
-        disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
-        custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            ioc_files=ioc_files,
-            iocs=iocs,
-            module_name=module_name,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            hashes=hashes,
-            log=log,
-            disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
-            disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
-            custom_modules=custom_modules,
-        )
-        self.platform = "android"
-        self.name = "check-fs"
-        self.modules = FS_MODULES

src/mvt/android/cmd_check_intrusion_logs.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckIntrusionLogs(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ class CmdAndroidCheckIntrusionLogs(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "android"

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/__init__.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from .aqf_log_timestamps import AQFLogTimestamps
 from .aqf_packages import AQFPackages
 from .aqf_processes import AQFProcesses
 from .aqf_settings import AQFSettings
-from .browser_history import BrowserHistory
 from .mounts import Mounts
 from .root_binaries import RootBinaries
 
@@ -24,5 +23,4 @@ ANDROIDQF_MODULES: list[type[MVTModule]] = [
     AQFLogTimestamps,
     RootBinaries,
     Mounts,
-    BrowserHistory,
 ]

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/aqf_packages.py

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ import logging
 import time
 from typing import Optional
 
-from rich.progress import track
-
 from mvt.android.utils import (
     BROWSER_INSTALLERS,
     PLAY_STORE_INSTALLERS,
@@ -153,10 +151,9 @@ class AQFPackages(AndroidQFModule):
         if total_hashes == 0:
             return
 
-        progress_desc = f"Looking up {total_hashes} package files on VirusTotal..."
-        for index, file_hash in enumerate(
-            track(files_by_hash, description=progress_desc)
-        ):
+        self.log.info("Looking up %d package files on VirusTotal...", total_hashes)
+        for index, file_hash in enumerate(files_by_hash):
+            self.log.debug("VirusTotal lookup %d/%d", index + 1, total_hashes)
             try:
                 results = virustotal_lookup(file_hash)
             except VTNoKey as exc:

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/base.py

@@ -81,12 +81,13 @@ class AndroidQFModule(MVTModule):
         return None
 
     def _get_file_content(self, file_path):
-        if self.archive:
-            handle = self.archive.open(file_path)
-        else:
-            handle = open(os.path.join(self.parent_path, file_path), "rb")
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if self.archive:
+                handle = self.archive.open(file_path)
+            else:
+                handle = open(os.path.join(self.parent_path, file_path), "rb")
 
-        data = handle.read()
-        handle.close()
+            data = handle.read()
+            handle.close()
 
-        return data
+            return data

src/mvt/android/modules/androidqf/browser_history.py

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import json
-import sqlite3
-import tempfile
-from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
-
-from mvt.android.artifacts.browser_history import (
-    BrowserHistoryArtifact,
-    open_browser_history_database,
-    validate_manifest_database,
-)
-
-from .base import AndroidQFModule
-
-
-class BrowserHistory(BrowserHistoryArtifact, AndroidQFModule):
-    """Extract browser visits collected by AndroidQF."""
-
-    supported_commands = (("android", "check-androidqf"),)
-
-    def _find_manifest(self) -> str | None:
-        manifests = [
-            file_path
-            for file_path in self.files
-            if file_path.replace("\\", "/").endswith("browser_history/manifest.json")
-        ]
-        if not manifests:
-            return None
-        if len(manifests) > 1:
-            self.log.warning(
-                "Found multiple browser history manifests; using %s", manifests[0]
-            )
-        return manifests[0]
-
-    def _stage_database(
-        self, archive_path: str, prefix: str, temporary_path: Path
-    ) -> Path:
-        available_files = {
-            str(PurePosixPath(file_path.replace("\\", "/"))): file_path
-            for file_path in self.files
-        }
-        normalized_path = str(PurePosixPath(prefix, archive_path))
-        source_path = available_files.get(normalized_path)
-        if not source_path:
-            raise FileNotFoundError(archive_path)
-
-        staged_path = temporary_path / "History"
-        staged_path.write_bytes(self._get_file_content(source_path))
-        for suffix in ("-wal", "-shm"):
-            sidecar = available_files.get(normalized_path + suffix)
-            if sidecar:
-                Path(f"{staged_path}{suffix}").write_bytes(
-                    self._get_file_content(sidecar)
-                )
-        return staged_path
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        manifest_path = self._find_manifest()
-        if not manifest_path:
-            self.log.info("No AndroidQF browser history manifest found")
-            return
-
-        try:
-            manifest = json.loads(self._get_file_content(manifest_path))
-        except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc:
-            self.log.error("Unable to read browser history manifest: %s", exc)
-            return
-
-        if not isinstance(manifest, dict) or manifest.get("schema_version") != 1:
-            self.log.error("Unsupported AndroidQF browser history manifest")
-            return
-        databases = manifest.get("databases", [])
-        if not isinstance(databases, list):
-            self.log.error("Invalid AndroidQF browser history database list")
-            return
-
-        normalized_manifest = manifest_path.replace("\\", "/")
-        marker = "browser_history/manifest.json"
-        prefix = normalized_manifest[: -len(marker)].rstrip("/")
-
-        for raw_database in databases:
-            try:
-                database = validate_manifest_database(raw_database)
-                with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="mvt_browser_history_") as temp:
-                    staged_path = self._stage_database(
-                        database["archive_path"], prefix, Path(temp)
-                    )
-                    connection = open_browser_history_database(staged_path)
-                    try:
-                        self._parse_browser_history(
-                            connection,
-                            browser=database["browser"],
-                            package=database["package"],
-                            profile=database["profile"],
-                            source_path=database["device_path"],
-                        )
-                    finally:
-                        connection.close()
-            except (
-                FileNotFoundError,
-                OSError,
-                OverflowError,
-                sqlite3.Error,
-                TypeError,
-                ValueError,
-            ) as exc:
-                self.log.error("Unable to parse browser history database: %s", exc)
-
-        self.log.info(
-            "Extracted a total of %d browser history items", len(self.results)
-        )

src/mvt/android/modules/backup/base.py

@@ -55,21 +55,22 @@ class BackupModule(MVTModule):
         return fnmatch.filter(self.files, pattern)
 
     def _get_file_content(self, file_path: str) -> bytes:
-        handle = None
-        if self.tar:
-            try:
-                member = self.tar.getmember(file_path)
-                handle = self.tar.extractfile(member)
-                if not handle:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Could not extract file: {file_path}")
-            except KeyError:
-                raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found in tar: {file_path}")
-        elif self.backup_path:
-            handle = open(os.path.join(self.backup_path, file_path), "rb")
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("No backup path or tar file provided")
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            handle = None
+            if self.tar:
+                try:
+                    member = self.tar.getmember(file_path)
+                    handle = self.tar.extractfile(member)
+                    if not handle:
+                        raise ValueError(f"Could not extract file: {file_path}")
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found in tar: {file_path}")
+            elif self.backup_path:
+                handle = open(os.path.join(self.backup_path, file_path), "rb")
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("No backup path or tar file provided")
 
-        data = handle.read()
-        handle.close()
+            data = handle.read()
+            handle.close()
 
-        return data
+            return data

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/base.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #   https://github.com/mvt-project/mvt/blob/main/LICENSE
 import datetime
 import fnmatch
+import io
 import logging
 import os
 import re
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from typing import List, Optional
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
 
+from mvt.android.artifacts.artifact import AndroidArtifact
 from mvt.common.module import ModuleResults, MVTModule
 
 # `------ 0.101s was the duration of 'SOME SECTION' ------`, printed when that
@@ -24,6 +26,24 @@ SECTION_DURATION = re.compile(r"^-{3,}\s*[0-9.]+s was the duration of", re.IGNOR
 DUMPSTATE_ENTRY_POINTS = ("main_entry.txt", "dumpState_*.log", "*/dumpsys.txt")
 
 
+_DUMPSTATE_BYTES_CACHE_KEY = ("android_bugreport", "dumpstate", "bytes")
+_DUMPSTATE_SECTIONS_CACHE_KEY = ("android_bugreport", "dumpstate", "sections")
+_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_SECTION = b"------ SYSTEM PROPERTIES"
+_DUMPSYS_SEPARATORS = {
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE accessibility:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE appops:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE dbinfo:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE package:",
+    b"DUMP OF SERVICE platform_compat:",
+}
+_DUMPSTATE_DELIMITER = (
+    b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+)
+_GETPROP_LINE_RE = re.compile(rb"\[(.+?)\]: \[(.+?)\]")
+
+
 class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
     """This class provides a base for all Android Bug Report modules."""
 
@@ -77,45 +97,156 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
         return []
 
     def _get_file_content(self, file_path: str) -> bytes:
-        if self.zip_archive:
-            handle = self.zip_archive.open(file_path)
-        else:
-            if not self.extract_path:
-                raise ValueError("extract_path is not set")
-            joined = os.path.join(self.extract_path, file_path)
-            if (
-                not Path(joined)
-                .resolve()
-                .is_relative_to(Path(self.extract_path).resolve())
-            ):
-                raise ValueError("unsafe file_path")
-            handle = open(joined, "rb")
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if self.zip_archive:
+                handle = self.zip_archive.open(file_path)
+            else:
+                if not self.extract_path:
+                    raise ValueError("extract_path is not set")
+                joined = os.path.join(self.extract_path, file_path)
+                if (
+                    not Path(joined)
+                    .resolve()
+                    .is_relative_to(Path(self.extract_path).resolve())
+                ):
+                    raise ValueError("unsafe file_path")
+                handle = open(joined, "rb")
 
-        data = handle.read()
-        handle.close()
+            data = handle.read()
+            handle.close()
 
-        return data
+            return data
 
     def _get_dumpstate_file(self) -> Optional[bytes]:
-        main_entry, dumpstate_log, dumpsys_txt = DUMPSTATE_ENTRY_POINTS
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if _DUMPSTATE_BYTES_CACHE_KEY in self.resource_cache:
+                return self.resource_cache[_DUMPSTATE_BYTES_CACHE_KEY]
 
-        main = self._get_files_by_pattern(main_entry)
-        if main:
-            main_content = self._get_file_content(main[0])
-            try:
-                return self._get_file_content(main_content.decode().strip())
-            except KeyError:
-                return None
+            content = None
+            main_entry, dumpstate_log, dumpsys_txt = DUMPSTATE_ENTRY_POINTS
+            main = self._get_files_by_pattern(main_entry)
+            if main:
+                main_content = self._get_file_content(main[0])
+                try:
+                    content = self._get_file_content(main_content.decode().strip())
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                dumpstate_logs = self._get_files_by_pattern(dumpstate_log)
+                if dumpstate_logs:
+                    content = self._get_file_content(dumpstate_logs[0])
+                else:
+                    dumpsys_files = self._get_files_by_pattern(dumpsys_txt)
+                    if dumpsys_files:
+                        content = self._get_file_content(dumpsys_files[0])
 
-        dumpstate_logs = self._get_files_by_pattern(dumpstate_log)
-        if dumpstate_logs:
-            return self._get_file_content(dumpstate_logs[0])
+            self.resource_cache[_DUMPSTATE_BYTES_CACHE_KEY] = content
+            return content
 
-        dumpsys_files = self._get_files_by_pattern(dumpsys_txt)
-        if dumpsys_files:
-            return self._get_file_content(dumpsys_files[0])
+    def _get_dumpstate_sections(self) -> dict[bytes, bytes]:
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if _DUMPSTATE_SECTIONS_CACHE_KEY in self.resource_cache:
+                return self.resource_cache[_DUMPSTATE_SECTIONS_CACHE_KEY]
 
-        return None
+            section_lines: dict[bytes, list[bytes]] = {
+                separator: [] for separator in _DUMPSYS_SEPARATORS
+            }
+            section_lines[_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_SECTION] = []
+            current_section = None
+            completed_sections = set()
+            in_system_properties = False
+            content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
+
+            if content:
+                for raw_line in io.BytesIO(content):
+                    line = raw_line.rstrip(b"\r\n")
+                    stripped = line.strip()
+
+                    if stripped.startswith(_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_SECTION):
+                        in_system_properties = True
+                    elif in_system_properties:
+                        if stripped == b"------":
+                            in_system_properties = False
+                        elif _GETPROP_LINE_RE.search(line):
+                            section_lines[_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_SECTION].append(line)
+
+                    if stripped in _DUMPSYS_SEPARATORS:
+                        if current_section is not None:
+                            completed_sections.add(current_section)
+                        current_section = (
+                            None if stripped in completed_sections else stripped
+                        )
+                        continue
+
+                    if stripped.startswith(_DUMPSTATE_DELIMITER):
+                        if current_section is not None:
+                            completed_sections.add(current_section)
+                        current_section = None
+                        continue
+
+                    if current_section is not None:
+                        section_lines[current_section].append(line)
+
+            sections = {
+                separator: b"\n".join(lines)
+                for separator, lines in section_lines.items()
+            }
+            self.resource_cache[_DUMPSTATE_SECTIONS_CACHE_KEY] = sections
+            return sections
+
+    def _get_dumpsys_section_bytes(self, separator: bytes) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        sections = self._get_dumpstate_sections()
+        if separator in sections:
+            return sections[separator]
+
+        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
+        if not content:
+            return None
+        return AndroidArtifact.extract_dumpsys_section(content, separator, binary=True)
+
+    def _get_dumpsys_section(
+        self, separator: str, errors: str = "replace"
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        cache_key = (
+            "android_bugreport",
+            "dumpstate",
+            "section",
+            separator,
+            errors,
+        )
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if cache_key in self.resource_cache:
+                return self.resource_cache[cache_key]
+
+            section_bytes = self._get_dumpsys_section_bytes(separator.encode("utf-8"))
+            section = (
+                section_bytes.decode("utf-8", errors=errors)
+                if section_bytes is not None
+                else None
+            )
+            self.resource_cache[cache_key] = section
+            return section
+
+    def _get_system_properties_text(self, errors: str = "ignore") -> Optional[str]:
+        cache_key = (
+            "android_bugreport",
+            "dumpstate",
+            "system_properties",
+            errors,
+        )
+        with self.resource_lock:
+            if cache_key in self.resource_cache:
+                return self.resource_cache[cache_key]
+
+            sections = self._get_dumpstate_sections()
+            section_bytes = sections.get(_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_SECTION)
+            section = (
+                section_bytes.decode("utf-8", errors=errors)
+                if section_bytes is not None
+                else None
+            )
+            self.resource_cache[cache_key] = section
+            return section
 
     @staticmethod
     def extract_command_section(content: str, heading: str) -> str:
@@ -164,7 +295,8 @@ class BugReportModule(MVTModule):
         instant returned in UTC.
         """
         if self.zip_archive:
-            file_timetuple = self.zip_archive.getinfo(file_path).date_time
+            with self.resource_lock:
+                file_timetuple = self.zip_archive.getinfo(file_path).date_time
             return datetime.datetime(*file_timetuple, tzinfo=self._device_timezone())
         if not self.extract_path:
             raise ValueError("extract_path is not set")

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_accessibility.py

@@ -34,18 +34,16 @@ class DumpsysAccessibility(DumpsysAccessibilityArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        full_dumpsys = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not full_dumpsys:
+        content = self._get_dumpsys_section(
+            "DUMP OF SERVICE accessibility:", errors="ignore"
+        )
+        if content is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            full_dumpsys.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore"),
-            "DUMP OF SERVICE accessibility:",
-        )
         self.parse(content)
 
         listed = unnamed = 0

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_activities.py

@@ -38,19 +38,14 @@ class DumpsysActivities(DumpsysPackageActivitiesArtifact, BugReportModule):
         self.results = results if results else []
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE package:", errors="ignore")
+        if section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        # Extract package section
-        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
-        )
-
         # Parse
         self.parse(section)
 

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_adb_state.py

@@ -38,19 +38,14 @@ class DumpsysADBState(DumpsysADBArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        full_dumpsys = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not full_dumpsys:
+        content = self._get_dumpsys_section_bytes(b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:")
+        if content is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            full_dumpsys,
-            b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:",
-            binary=True,
-        )
         self.parse(content)
         if self.results:
             self.log.info(

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_appops.py

@@ -34,17 +34,14 @@ class DumpsysAppops(DumpsysAppopsArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE appops:")
+        if section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE appops:"
-        )
         self.parse(section)
 
         self.log.info(

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_battery_daily.py

@@ -34,17 +34,14 @@ class DumpsysBatteryDaily(DumpsysBatteryDailyArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        dumpsys_section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:")
+        if dumpsys_section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:"
-        )
         self.parse(dumpsys_section)
 
         self.log.info("Extracted a total of %d battery daily stats", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_battery_history.py

@@ -34,17 +34,14 @@ class DumpsysBatteryHistory(DumpsysBatteryHistoryArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        dumpsys_section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:")
+        if dumpsys_section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE batterystats:"
-        )
         self.parse(dumpsys_section)
 
         self.log.info(

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_dbinfo.py

@@ -36,18 +36,14 @@ class DumpsysDBInfo(DumpsysDBInfoArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        data = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not data:
+        section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE dbinfo:", errors="ignore")
+        if section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            data.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore"), "DUMP OF SERVICE dbinfo:"
-        )
-
         self.parse(section)
         self.log.info(
             "Extracted a total of %d database connection pool records",

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_getprop.py

@@ -36,16 +36,13 @@ class DumpsysGetProp(GetPropArtifact, BugReportModule):
         self.results = [] if not results else results
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        content = self._get_system_properties_text()
+        if content is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        section = self.extract_command_section(
-            content.decode(errors="ignore"), "------ SYSTEM PROPERTIES"
-        )
-        self.parse(section)
+        self.parse(content)
         self.log.info("Extracted %d Android system properties", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_packages.py

@@ -35,17 +35,14 @@ class DumpsysPackages(DumpsysPackagesArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        data = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not data:
+        content = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE package:")
+        if content is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
-        )
         self.parse(content)
 
         for result in self.results:

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_platform_compat.py

@@ -34,18 +34,14 @@ class DumpsysPlatformCompat(DumpsysPlatformCompatArtifact, BugReportModule):
         )
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        data = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not data:
+        content = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE platform_compat:")
+        if content is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        decoded_data = data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
-        content = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            decoded_data, "DUMP OF SERVICE platform_compat:"
-        )
         self.parse(content)
 
         self.log.info("Found %d package compatibility overrides", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/bugreport/dumpsys_receivers.py

@@ -36,17 +36,13 @@ class DumpsysReceivers(DumpsysReceiversArtifact, BugReportModule):
         self.results = results if results else []
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        content = self._get_dumpstate_file()
-        if not content:
+        dumpsys_section = self._get_dumpsys_section("DUMP OF SERVICE package:")
+        if dumpsys_section is None:
             self.log.error(
                 "Unable to find dumpstate file. "
                 "Did you provide a valid bug report archive?"
             )
             return
 
-        dumpsys_section = self.extract_dumpsys_section(
-            content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
-        )
-
         self.parse(dumpsys_section)
         self.log.info("Extracted %d package receivers", len(self.results))

src/mvt/android/modules/fs/__init__.py

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
-
-from .browser_history import BrowserHistory
-
-FS_MODULES: list[type[MVTModule]] = [BrowserHistory]

src/mvt/android/modules/fs/browser_history.py

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import logging
-import sqlite3
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional
-
-from mvt.android.artifacts.browser_history import (
-    BrowserHistoryArtifact,
-    open_browser_history_database,
-)
-from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
-from mvt.common.module_types import ModuleResults
-
-
-# These locations are deliberately limited to paths backed by public parser
-# fixtures or the historical MVT implementation.
-BROWSER_HISTORY_PATHS = {
-    "data/data/com.android.chrome/app_chrome/Default/History": (
-        "Chrome",
-        "com.android.chrome",
-        "Default",
-    ),
-    "data/data/com.brave.browser/app_chrome/Default/History": (
-        "Brave",
-        "com.brave.browser",
-        "Default",
-    ),
-    "data/data/com.microsoft.emmx/app_chrome/Default/History": (
-        "Microsoft Edge",
-        "com.microsoft.emmx",
-        "Default",
-    ),
-    "data/data/com.sec.android.app.sbrowser/app_sbrowser/Default/History": (
-        "Samsung Internet",
-        "com.sec.android.app.sbrowser",
-        "Default",
-    ),
-}
-
-
-class BrowserHistory(BrowserHistoryArtifact, MVTModule):
-    """Extract supported Chromium History databases from a filesystem dump."""
-
-    supported_commands = (("android", "check-fs"),)
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        file_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        target_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        results_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        module_options: Optional[dict] = None,
-        log: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__),
-        results: Optional[ModuleResults] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(
-            file_path=file_path,
-            target_path=target_path,
-            results_path=results_path,
-            module_options=module_options,
-            log=log,
-            results=results,
-        )
-
-    def _database_paths(self) -> list[tuple[Path, str, str, str]]:
-        if not self.target_path:
-            return []
-        target = Path(self.target_path)
-        if target.is_file():
-            normalized_target = target.resolve().as_posix()
-            for relative_path, identity in BROWSER_HISTORY_PATHS.items():
-                if normalized_target.endswith(f"/{relative_path}"):
-                    return [(target, *identity)]
-            return [(target, "Chromium", "unknown", "unknown")]
-
-        databases = []
-        for relative_path, identity in BROWSER_HISTORY_PATHS.items():
-            database_path = target / relative_path
-            if database_path.is_file():
-                databases.append((database_path, *identity))
-        return databases
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        for database_path, browser, package, profile in self._database_paths():
-            try:
-                connection = open_browser_history_database(database_path)
-                try:
-                    self._parse_browser_history(
-                        connection,
-                        browser=browser,
-                        package=package,
-                        profile=profile,
-                        source_path=str(database_path),
-                    )
-                finally:
-                    connection.close()
-            except (
-                OSError,
-                OverflowError,
-                sqlite3.Error,
-                TypeError,
-                ValueError,
-            ) as exc:
-                self.log.error(
-                    "Unable to parse browser history database %s: %s",
-                    database_path,
-                    exc,
-                )
-
-        self.log.info(
-            "Extracted a total of %d browser history items", len(self.results)
-        )

src/mvt/common/command.py

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import os
+import queue
 import sys
+import threading
+from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
 from datetime import datetime
 from functools import cached_property
 from heapq import heappop, heappush
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ from rich.text import Text
 from .alerts import AlertLevel, AlertStore
 from .config import settings
 from .indicators import Indicators
+from .log import MVTLogHandler, finish_module_log_buffer, start_module_log_buffer
 from .module import EncryptedBackupError, MVTModule, run_module, save_timeline
 from .module_loader import (
     ModuleOrigin,
@@ -52,6 +56,7 @@ class Command:
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         self.name = ""
         self.platform = ""
@@ -67,6 +72,11 @@ class Command:
         self.sub_command = sub_command
         self.disable_version_check = disable_version_check
         self.disable_indicator_check = disable_indicator_check
+        if jobs < 1:
+            raise ValueError("jobs must be at least 1")
+        self.jobs = jobs
+        self._resource_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._resource_cache: dict[object, Any] = {}
 
         # This dictionary can contain options that will be passed down from
         # the Command to all modules. This can for example be used to pass
@@ -710,41 +720,22 @@ class Command:
 
         return ordered
 
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        # The output folder and its command.log exist for a run, so that
-        # listing modules or rejecting a target leaves nothing behind.
-        # Resolving the module list can warn, so the log comes first.
-        self._create_storage()
-        self._setup_logging()
-
-        ordered_modules = self._ordered_modules()
-        if ordered_modules is None:
-            return
-
-        # Read the indicators once the run is certain to happen, before
-        # init() does any work on the target, so that a missing indicators
-        # file is reported first and every module gets the same object.
-        iocs = self.iocs
-
-        # Commands announce their target from init(), so it goes before the
-        # module list.
+    def _run_module(
+        self,
+        module: type[MVTModule],
+        executed_by_type: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule],
+        capture_logs: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[MVTModule, list[logging.LogRecord], bool]:
+        """Initialize and run one module, optionally buffering console logs."""
+        token = start_module_log_buffer() if capture_logs else None
+        records: list[logging.LogRecord] = []
+        encrypted = False
         try:
-            self.init()
-        except NotImplementedError:
-            pass
-
-        self._log_loaded_modules(ordered_modules)
-
-        executed_by_type: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule] = {}
-        for module in ordered_modules:
-
-            module_logger = get_module_logger(module)
-
             m = module(
                 target_path=self.target_path,
                 results_path=self.results_path,
                 module_options=self.module_options,
-                log=module_logger,
+                log=get_module_logger(module),
             )
             # Dependencies are keyed by the module class they declare, even
             # when it was replaced, so that a module asking for the results
@@ -753,10 +744,12 @@ class Command:
                 dependency: executed_by_type[resolved]
                 for dependency, resolved in self._module_dependencies(module)
             }
+            m.resource_lock = self._resource_lock
+            m.resource_cache = self._resource_cache
 
-            if iocs.total_ioc_count:
-                m.indicators = iocs
-                m.indicators.log = m.log
+            if self.iocs.total_ioc_count:
+                # IOC collections are shared read-only during module execution.
+                m.indicators = self.iocs
 
             if self.serial:
                 m.serial = self.serial
@@ -769,23 +762,215 @@ class Command:
             try:
                 run_module(m)
             except EncryptedBackupError:
-                self.log.critical(
-                    "The backup appears to be encrypted. "
-                    "Please decrypt it first using `mvt-ios decrypt-backup`."
-                )
-                return
+                encrypted = True
+        finally:
+            if token is not None:
+                records = finish_module_log_buffer(token)
 
-            self.executed.append(m)
-            executed_by_type[module] = m
-            self.timeline.extend(m.timeline)
-            self.url_results.extend(m.url_results)
-            self.alertstore.extend(m.alertstore.alerts)
+        return m, records, encrypted
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _console_handler() -> Optional[MVTLogHandler]:
+        for handler in reversed(logging.getLogger("mvt").handlers):
+            if isinstance(handler, MVTLogHandler):
+                return handler
+        return None
+
+    def _publish_completed_modules(
+        self,
+        ordered_modules: list[type[MVTModule]],
+        completed: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Expose a stable snapshot of completed modules to initialization hooks."""
+        self.executed = [
+            completed[module] for module in ordered_modules if module in completed
+        ]
+
+    def _aggregate_modules(
+        self,
+        ordered_modules: list[type[MVTModule]],
+        completed: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Aggregate results in stable topological order."""
+        for module in ordered_modules:
+            if module not in completed:
+                continue
+            instance = completed[module]
+            self.timeline.extend(instance.timeline)
+            self.url_results.extend(instance.url_results)
+            self.alertstore.extend(instance.alertstore.alerts)
+
+    def _run_sequential(
+        self, ordered_modules: list[type[MVTModule]]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule], bool]:
+        completed: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule] = {}
+        for module in ordered_modules:
+            instance, _, encrypted = self._run_module(module, completed, False)
+            if encrypted:
+                return completed, True
+            completed[module] = instance
+            self._publish_completed_modules(ordered_modules, completed)
+        return completed, False
+
+    def _run_parallel(
+        self, ordered_modules: list[type[MVTModule]], jobs: int
+    ) -> tuple[dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule], bool]:
+        """Run a stable module DAG with bounded worker threads."""
+        completed: dict[type[MVTModule], MVTModule] = {}
+        scheduled: set[type[MVTModule]] = set()
+        running: dict[Future, type[MVTModule]] = {}
+        completion_queue: queue.Queue[Future] = queue.Queue()
+        handler = self._console_handler()
+        status = None
+        fatal = False
+
+        def ready_modules() -> list[type[MVTModule]]:
+            return [
+                module
+                for module in ordered_modules
+                if module not in scheduled
+                and all(
+                    dependency in completed
+                    for _, dependency in self._module_dependencies(module)
+                )
+            ]
+
+        def update_status() -> None:
+            if status is None:
+                return
+            names = ", ".join(module.__name__ for module in running.values())
+            status.update(
+                f"Modules: {len(completed)}/{len(ordered_modules)} complete"
+                + (f"; running {names}" if names else "")
+            )
+
+        if handler and handler.console.is_terminal:
+            status = handler.console.status("")
+            status.start()
+
+        try:
+            with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=jobs) as executor:
+                while len(completed) < len(ordered_modules):
+                    ready = ready_modules()
+
+                    # An unsafe module is a scheduler barrier: it starts only
+                    # after active workers drain and blocks later ready work.
+                    if ready and not ready[0].parallel_safe:
+                        if running:
+                            future = completion_queue.get()
+                            module = running.pop(future)
+                            instance, records, encrypted = future.result()
+                            if handler:
+                                handler.emit_module_records(module.__name__, records)
+                            if encrypted:
+                                fatal = True
+                                break
+                            completed[module] = instance
+                            self._publish_completed_modules(ordered_modules, completed)
+                            update_status()
+                            continue
+
+                        module = ready[0]
+                        scheduled.add(module)
+                        if status is not None:
+                            status.update(
+                                f"Modules: {len(completed)}/{len(ordered_modules)} "
+                                f"complete; running {module.__name__}"
+                            )
+                        instance, records, encrypted = self._run_module(
+                            module, completed, True
+                        )
+                        if handler:
+                            handler.emit_module_records(module.__name__, records)
+                        if encrypted:
+                            fatal = True
+                            break
+                        completed[module] = instance
+                        self._publish_completed_modules(ordered_modules, completed)
+                        update_status()
+                        continue
+
+                    for module in ready:
+                        if len(running) >= jobs or not module.parallel_safe:
+                            break
+                        scheduled.add(module)
+                        future = executor.submit(
+                            self._run_module, module, dict(completed), True
+                        )
+                        running[future] = module
+                        future.add_done_callback(completion_queue.put)
+
+                    update_status()
+                    if not running:
+                        break
+
+                    future = completion_queue.get()
+                    module = running.pop(future)
+                    instance, records, encrypted = future.result()
+                    if handler:
+                        handler.emit_module_records(module.__name__, records)
+                    if encrypted:
+                        fatal = True
+                        break
+                    completed[module] = instance
+                    self._publish_completed_modules(ordered_modules, completed)
+                    update_status()
+
+                if fatal:
+                    for future in running:
+                        future.cancel()
+                    # The executor context waits for already-active work. Its
+                    # results are intentionally discarded after the fatal error.
+        finally:
+            if status is not None:
+                status.stop()
+
+        return completed, fatal
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self._create_storage()
+        self._setup_logging()
+
+        ordered_modules = self._ordered_modules()
+        if ordered_modules is None:
+            return
+
+        # Load shared indicators before touching the acquisition.
+        self.iocs
+
+        try:
+            self.init()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+        self._log_loaded_modules(ordered_modules)
+
+        jobs = self.jobs
+        if settings.PROFILE and jobs > 1:
+            self.log.warning(
+                "MVT_PROFILE is enabled; forcing sequential module execution."
+            )
+            jobs = 1
+
+        if jobs == 1:
+            completed, fatal = self._run_sequential(ordered_modules)
+        else:
+            completed, fatal = self._run_parallel(ordered_modules, jobs)
+
+        self._aggregate_modules(ordered_modules, completed)
 
         try:
             self.finish()
         except NotImplementedError:
             pass
 
+        if fatal:
+            self.log.critical(
+                "The backup appears to be encrypted. "
+                "Please decrypt it first using `mvt-ios decrypt-backup`."
+            )
+            return
+
         # We only store the timeline from the parent/main command
         if self.sub_command:
             return

src/mvt/common/help.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ HELP_MSG_LOAD_MODULE = (
 HELP_MSG_NONINTERACTIVE = "Don't ask interactive questions during processing"
 HELP_MSG_HASHES = "Generate hashes of all the files analyzed"
 HELP_MSG_VERBOSE = "Verbose mode"
+HELP_MSG_JOBS = "Number of extraction modules to run concurrently"
 HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND = (
     "Verbose mode (kept for compatibility, pass --verbose before the command "
     "name instead)"

src/mvt/common/log.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import logging
+import threading
+from contextvars import ContextVar, Token
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from typing import Optional
@@ -27,16 +29,33 @@ logging.addLevelName(HIGH_ALERT, "HIGH")
 logging.addLevelName(CRITICAL_ALERT, "CRITICAL")
 
 
+_module_log_buffer: ContextVar[Optional[list[logging.LogRecord]]] = ContextVar(
+    "mvt_module_log_buffer", default=None
+)
+
+
+def start_module_log_buffer() -> Token:
+    """Capture console records in the current module execution context."""
+    return _module_log_buffer.set([])
+
+
+def finish_module_log_buffer(token: Token) -> list[logging.LogRecord]:
+    records = _module_log_buffer.get() or []
+    _module_log_buffer.reset(token)
+    return records
+
+
 class MVTLogHandler(RichHandler):
     def __init__(self, console: Optional[Console] = None, level: int = logging.DEBUG):
         super().__init__(console=console, level=level)
+        self._console_lock = threading.RLock()
 
     def __add_prefix_space(self, level: str) -> str:
         max_length = len("CRITICAL ALERT")
         space = max_length - len(level)
         return f"{level}{' ' * space}"
 
-    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord):
+    def _emit_record(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
         try:
             msg = rf"[grey50]\[{record.name}][/] {self.format(record)}"
 
@@ -63,3 +82,24 @@ class MVTLogHandler(RichHandler):
 
         except Exception:
             self.handleError(record)
+
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord):
+        buffer = _module_log_buffer.get()
+        if buffer is not None:
+            # More than one CLI can be imported in-process (notably in tests),
+            # which can install multiple console handlers for the same record.
+            if not buffer or buffer[-1] is not record:
+                buffer.append(record)
+            return
+
+        with self._console_lock:
+            self._emit_record(record)
+
+    def emit_module_records(
+        self, module_name: str, records: list[logging.LogRecord]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Print one module's captured records without interleaving."""
+        with self._console_lock:
+            self.console.print(f"[bold cyan]--- {module_name} ---[/bold cyan]")
+            for record in records:
+                self._emit_record(record)

src/mvt/common/module.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import os
 import re
+import threading
 from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence
 
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ class MVTModule:
     slug: Optional[str] = None
     dependencies: Sequence[type["MVTModule"]] = ()
     supported_commands: Sequence[tuple[str, str]] = ()
+    parallel_safe: bool = True
     # A custom module can name a module class it supersedes, usually a
     # built-in one. When both are available to a command, the named module is
     # dropped from the run and this module takes its place, including in the
@@ -90,6 +92,12 @@ class MVTModule:
         self.timeline: ModuleTimeline = []
         self.url_results: list[URLResult] = []
         self.dependency_modules: Dict[type["MVTModule"], "MVTModule"] = {}
+        # Commands replace this with a command-scoped lock for modules sharing
+        # archive handles or other non-thread-safe read resources.
+        self.resource_lock = threading.RLock()
+        # Commands also replace this with a command-scoped cache. Cached values
+        # must be immutable, because parallel modules can read them concurrently.
+        self.resource_cache: Dict[object, Any] = {}
 
     def get_dependency_results(
         self, module_class: type["MVTModule"]
@@ -185,17 +193,20 @@ class MVTModule:
 
         """
         timeline_set = set()
+        deduplicated = []
         for record in timeline:
-            timeline_set.add(
-                json.dumps(
-                    asdict(record)
-                    if is_dataclass(record) and not isinstance(record, type)
-                    else record,
-                    sort_keys=True,
-                )
+            serialized = json.dumps(
+                asdict(record)
+                if is_dataclass(record) and not isinstance(record, type)
+                else record,
+                sort_keys=True,
             )
+            if serialized in timeline_set:
+                continue
+            timeline_set.add(serialized)
+            deduplicated.append(json.loads(serialized))
 
-        return [json.loads(record) for record in timeline_set]
+        return deduplicated
 
     def to_timeline(self) -> None:
         """Convert results into a timeline."""

src/mvt/ios/cli.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from mvt.common.help import (
     HELP_MSG_LOAD_MODULE,
     HELP_MSG_MODULE,
     HELP_MSG_VERBOSE,
+    HELP_MSG_JOBS,
     HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_FS,
     HELP_MSG_CHECK_IOCS,
@@ -279,6 +280,9 @@ def extract_key(password, key_file, backup_path):
 )
 @click.option("--hashes", "-H", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_HASHES)
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("BACKUP_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_backup(
@@ -291,6 +295,7 @@ def check_backup(
     load_module,
     hashes,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     backup_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_backup import CmdIOSCheckBackup
@@ -309,6 +314,7 @@ def check_backup(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:
@@ -348,6 +354,9 @@ def check_backup(
 )
 @click.option("--hashes", "-H", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_HASHES)
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help=HELP_MSG_VERBOSE_COMMAND)
+@click.option(
+    "--jobs", type=click.IntRange(min=1), default=4, show_default=True, help=HELP_MSG_JOBS
+)
 @click.argument("DUMP_PATH", type=click.Path(exists=True))
 @click.pass_context
 def check_fs(
@@ -360,6 +369,7 @@ def check_fs(
     load_module,
     hashes,
     verbose,
+    jobs,
     dump_path,
 ):
     from .cmd_check_fs import CmdIOSCheckFS
@@ -378,6 +388,7 @@ def check_fs(
         disable_version_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[0],
         disable_indicator_check=_get_disable_flags(ctx)[1],
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=jobs,
     )
 
     if list_modules:

src/mvt/ios/cmd_check_backup.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class CmdIOSCheckBackup(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ class CmdIOSCheckBackup(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "ios"

src/mvt/ios/cmd_check_fs.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class CmdIOSCheckFS(Command):
         disable_version_check: bool = False,
         disable_indicator_check: bool = False,
         custom_modules: Optional[list[type[MVTModule]]] = None,
+        jobs: int = 4,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             target_path=target_path,
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ class CmdIOSCheckFS(Command):
             disable_version_check=disable_version_check,
             disable_indicator_check=disable_indicator_check,
             custom_modules=custom_modules,
+            jobs=jobs,
         )
 
         self.platform = "ios"

tests/android/test_browser_history.py

@@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
-# Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT)
-# Copyright (c) 2021-2026 The MVT Authors.
-# Use of this software is governed by the MVT License 1.1 that can be found at
-#   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
-
-import json
-import sqlite3
-import zipfile
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-from mvt.android.modules.androidqf.browser_history import (
-    BrowserHistory as AndroidQFBrowserHistory,
-)
-from mvt.android.modules.fs.browser_history import BrowserHistory as FSBrowserHistory
-from mvt.android.cmd_check_fs import CmdAndroidCheckFS
-
-CHROME_TIME = 13_348_540_800_000_000
-URL = "https://example.org/path"
-
-
-def create_history_database(path: Path, *, url: str = URL) -> None:
-    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with sqlite3.connect(path) as connection:
-        connection.executescript(
-            """
-            CREATE TABLE urls (
-                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-                url TEXT,
-                title TEXT,
-                visit_count INTEGER,
-                typed_count INTEGER
-            );
-            CREATE TABLE visits (
-                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-                url INTEGER,
-                visit_time INTEGER,
-                from_visit INTEGER,
-                transition INTEGER
-            );
-            """
-        )
-        connection.execute("INSERT INTO urls VALUES (1, ?, 'Example', 1, 0)", (url,))
-        connection.execute(
-            "INSERT INTO visits VALUES (7, 1, ?, 0, 805306368)",
-            (CHROME_TIME,),
-        )
-
-
-def manifest(database_paths: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> dict:
-    return {
-        "schema_version": 1,
-        "status": "collected",
-        "databases": [
-            {
-                "browser": "Chrome",
-                "package": package,
-                "profile": "Default",
-                "device_path": f"/data/data/{package}/app_chrome/Default/History",
-                "archive_path": archive_path,
-                "sidecars": [],
-            }
-            for package, archive_path in database_paths
-        ],
-    }
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_zip", [False, True])
-def test_androidqf_browser_history_directory_and_zip(tmp_path, use_zip):
-    source_database = tmp_path / "source" / "History"
-    create_history_database(source_database)
-    archive_path = "browser_history/com.android.chrome/Default/History"
-    manifest_data = manifest([("com.android.chrome", archive_path)])
-
-    module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
-    if use_zip:
-        acquisition_path = tmp_path / "acquisition.zip"
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition_path, "w") as archive:
-            archive.write(source_database, archive_path)
-            archive.writestr("browser_history/manifest.json", json.dumps(manifest_data))
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition_path) as archive:
-            module.from_zip(archive, archive.namelist())
-            module.run()
-    else:
-        acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
-        database_path = acquisition / archive_path
-        database_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
-        database_path.write_bytes(source_database.read_bytes())
-        manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
-        manifest_path.write_text(json.dumps(manifest_data))
-        files = [
-            path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()
-            for path in acquisition.rglob("*")
-            if path.is_file()
-        ]
-        module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), files)
-        module.run()
-
-    assert len(module.results) == 1
-    assert module.results[0]["url"] == URL
-    assert module.results[0]["browser"] == "Chrome"
-    assert module.results[0]["source_path"].endswith("/History")
-    module.collect_url_results()
-    module.to_timeline()
-    assert module.url_results[0]["url"] == URL
-    assert module.timeline[0]["event"] == "browser_history"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "./", "acquisition/", "./acquisition/"])
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("separator", ["/", "\\"])
-def test_androidqf_zip_paths_preserve_wal_visits(tmp_path, prefix, separator):
-    database = tmp_path / "History"
-    create_history_database(database)
-    connection = sqlite3.connect(database)
-    connection.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
-    connection.execute("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)")
-    connection.execute(
-        "INSERT INTO urls VALUES (2, ?, 'WAL', 1, 0)", (URL + "/wal",)
-    )
-    connection.execute(
-        "INSERT INTO visits VALUES (8, 2, ?, 0, 805306368)", (CHROME_TIME,)
-    )
-    connection.commit()
-    archive_path = "browser_history/com.android.chrome/Default/History"
-    acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition.zip"
-    try:
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition, "w") as archive:
-            for suffix in ("", "-wal", "-shm"):
-                archive.writestr(
-                    (prefix + archive_path + suffix).replace("/", separator),
-                    Path(f"{database}{suffix}").read_bytes(),
-                )
-            archive.writestr(
-                (prefix + "browser_history/manifest.json").replace("/", separator),
-                json.dumps(manifest([("com.android.chrome", archive_path)])),
-            )
-        module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(acquisition) as archive:
-            module.from_zip(archive, archive.namelist())
-            module.run()
-    finally:
-        connection.close()
-
-    assert {result["url"] for result in module.results} == {URL, URL + "/wal"}
-
-
-def test_androidqf_browser_history_isolates_malformed_database(tmp_path, caplog):
-    acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
-    good_archive_path = "browser_history/com.android.chrome/Default/History"
-    bad_archive_path = "browser_history/com.brave.browser/Default/History"
-    create_history_database(acquisition / good_archive_path)
-    bad_path = acquisition / bad_archive_path
-    bad_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
-    bad_path.write_bytes(b"not sqlite")
-    manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
-    manifest_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(
-            manifest(
-                [
-                    ("com.brave.browser", bad_archive_path),
-                    ("com.android.chrome", good_archive_path),
-                ]
-            )
-        )
-    )
-
-    module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
-    files = [
-        path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()
-        for path in acquisition.rglob("*")
-        if path.is_file()
-    ]
-    module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), files)
-    module.run()
-
-    assert [result["url"] for result in module.results] == [URL]
-    assert "Unable to parse browser history database" in caplog.text
-
-
-def test_androidqf_browser_history_rejects_unsafe_manifest_path(tmp_path, caplog):
-    acquisition = tmp_path / "acquisition"
-    manifest_path = acquisition / "browser_history" / "manifest.json"
-    manifest_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
-    manifest_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(manifest([("com.android.chrome", "browser_history/../secret")]))
-    )
-    module = AndroidQFBrowserHistory()
-    module.from_dir(str(tmp_path), [manifest_path.relative_to(tmp_path).as_posix()])
-
-    module.run()
-
-    assert module.results == []
-    assert "unsafe browser history archive path" in caplog.text
-
-
-def test_filesystem_browser_history_reads_wal_only_visit(tmp_path):
-    database_path = tmp_path / "History"
-    connection = sqlite3.connect(database_path)
-    connection.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
-    connection.executescript(
-        """
-        CREATE TABLE urls (
-            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-            url TEXT,
-            title TEXT,
-            visit_count INTEGER,
-            typed_count INTEGER
-        );
-        CREATE TABLE visits (
-            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-            url INTEGER,
-            visit_time INTEGER,
-            from_visit INTEGER,
-            transition INTEGER
-        );
-        """
-    )
-    connection.commit()
-    connection.execute("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)")
-    connection.execute("INSERT INTO urls VALUES (1, ?, 'WAL', 1, 0)", (URL,))
-    connection.execute(
-        "INSERT INTO visits VALUES (8, 1, ?, 0, 805306368)", (CHROME_TIME,)
-    )
-    connection.commit()
-    try:
-        assert Path(f"{database_path}-wal").stat().st_size > 0
-        module = FSBrowserHistory(target_path=str(database_path))
-        module.run()
-    finally:
-        connection.close()
-
-    assert [result["url"] for result in module.results] == [URL]
-    assert module.results[0]["browser"] == "Chromium"
-
-
-def test_android_check_fs_finds_all_supported_browser_paths(tmp_path):
-    for index, relative_path in enumerate(
-        (
-            "data/data/com.android.chrome/app_chrome/Default/History",
-            "data/data/com.brave.browser/app_chrome/Default/History",
-            "data/data/com.microsoft.emmx/app_chrome/Default/History",
-            "data/data/com.sec.android.app.sbrowser/app_sbrowser/Default/History",
-        )
-    ):
-        create_history_database(
-            tmp_path / relative_path, url=f"https://example.org/{index}"
-        )
-
-    command = CmdAndroidCheckFS(target_path=str(tmp_path), module_name="BrowserHistory")
-    command.run()
-
-    assert len(command.executed) == 1
-    assert {result["package"] for result in command.executed[0].results} == {
-        "com.android.chrome",
-        "com.brave.browser",
-        "com.microsoft.emmx",
-        "com.sec.android.app.sbrowser",
-    }
-    assert len(command.url_results) == 4
-    assert len(command.timeline) == 4

tests/android_bugreport/test_bugreport.py

@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@
 #   https://license.mvt.re/1.1/
 
 import os
+import threading
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
+from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.base import BugReportModule
 from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.dumpsys_appops import DumpsysAppops
 from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.dumpsys_getprop import DumpsysGetProp
 from mvt.android.modules.bugreport.dumpsys_packages import DumpsysPackages
@@ -118,3 +123,53 @@ class TestBugreportAnalysis:
         assert len(m.results) == 2
         assert m.results[1]["pid"] == 3559
         assert m.results[0]["sources"]["text"]["parsed"] is True
+
+    def test_dumpstate_section_is_cached_across_parallel_modules(self):
+        dumpstate = (
+            b"header\n"
+            b"------ SYSTEM PROPERTIES (getprop) ------\n"
+            b"[persist.sys.timezone]: [Europe/Berlin]\n"
+            b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+            b"------\n"
+            b"DUMP OF SERVICE package:\n"
+            b"package data\n"
+            b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+            b"DUMP OF SERVICE package:\n"
+            b"duplicate package data\n"
+            b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+            b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:\n"
+            b"adb data\n"
+            b"------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+        )
+        archive = MagicMock()
+        archive.open.side_effect = lambda _: BytesIO(dumpstate)
+        shared_lock = threading.RLock()
+        shared_cache = {}
+        modules = []
+
+        for _ in range(4):
+            module = BugReportModule()
+            module.from_zip(archive, ["dumpState_test.log"])
+            module.resource_lock = shared_lock
+            module.resource_cache = shared_cache
+            modules.append(module)
+
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
+            sections = list(
+                executor.map(
+                    lambda module: module._get_dumpsys_section(
+                        "DUMP OF SERVICE package:"
+                    ),
+                    modules,
+                )
+            )
+
+        assert sections == ["package data"] * 4
+        assert all(section is sections[0] for section in sections)
+        assert modules[0]._get_dumpsys_section_bytes(b"DUMP OF SERVICE adb:") == (
+            b"adb data"
+        )
+        assert modules[0]._get_system_properties_text() == (
+            "[persist.sys.timezone]: [Europe/Berlin]"
+        )
+        archive.open.assert_called_once_with("dumpState_test.log")

tests/common/test_command.py

@@ -5,14 +5,22 @@
 
 import json
 import logging
-from unittest.mock import patch
+import threading
+import time
+from io import StringIO
 
 import pytest
-from click.testing import CliRunner
+from rich.console import Console
 
 from mvt.common.command import Command
+from mvt.common.config import settings
+from mvt.common.log import MVTLogHandler
+from mvt.common.module import EncryptedBackupError, MVTModule
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from click.testing import CliRunner
+
 from mvt.common.indicators import Indicators
-from mvt.common.module import MVTModule
 
 
 class RecordingModule(MVTModule):
@@ -298,6 +306,15 @@ class TestCommand:
         alerts = json.loads((tmp_path / "alerts.json").read_text())
         assert alerts[0]["event"]["payload"] == "\\xa8\\xa9"
 
+    def test_timeline_deduplication_preserves_first_seen_order(self):
+        timeline = [
+            {"timestamp": "same", "event": "first"},
+            {"timestamp": "same", "event": "second"},
+            {"timestamp": "same", "event": "first"},
+        ]
+
+        assert MVTModule._deduplicate_timeline(timeline) == timeline[:2]
+
     def test_stores_collected_urls(self, tmp_path):
         cmd = RecordingCommand(results_path=str(tmp_path))
         cmd.modules = [URLRecordingModule]
@@ -314,7 +331,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         ]
 
     def test_modules_run_in_stable_topological_order(self):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand()
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=1)
         cmd.modules = [ThirdModule, IndependentModule, SecondModule, FirstModule]
 
         cmd.run()
@@ -329,7 +346,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         assert second.results == ["first", "second"]
 
     def test_selected_module_runs_transitive_dependencies(self):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="ThirdModule")
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="ThirdModule", jobs=1)
         cmd.modules = [ThirdModule, SecondModule, FirstModule, IndependentModule]
 
         cmd.run()
@@ -340,6 +357,38 @@ class TestCommand:
             "ThirdModule",
         ]
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("jobs", [1, 2])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("parallel_safe", [False, True])
+    def test_initialization_hook_sees_completed_dependencies(self, jobs, parallel_safe):
+        class Prerequisite(FirstModule):
+            pass
+
+        Prerequisite.parallel_safe = parallel_safe
+
+        class Dependent(SecondModule):
+            dependencies = (Prerequisite,)
+
+            def run(self):
+                self.results = self.get_dependency_results(Prerequisite) + ["second"]
+
+        class HookCommand(RecordingCommand):
+            def module_init(self, module):
+                if isinstance(module, Dependent):
+                    self.seen = [
+                        executed.results
+                        for executed in self.executed
+                        if isinstance(executed, Prerequisite)
+                    ]
+
+        cmd = HookCommand(jobs=jobs)
+        cmd.modules = [Dependent, Prerequisite]
+
+        cmd.run()
+
+        assert cmd.seen == [["first"]]
+        assert [type(module) for module in cmd.executed] == [Prerequisite, Dependent]
+        assert cmd.executed[1].results == ["first", "second"]
+
     def test_circular_dependency_warns_and_stops(self, caplog):
         class CircularOne(RecordingModule):
             pass
@@ -372,7 +421,10 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == ["IndependentModule", "FirstModule"]
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
+            "IndependentModule",
+            "FirstModule",
+        ]
         assert cmd.initialized
         assert "Module DependentModule will be SKIPPED" in caplog.text
         assert "depends on module UnavailableModule" in caplog.text
@@ -476,7 +528,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         ]
 
     def test_selected_custom_module_runs(self):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="CustomIOSBackupModule")
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="CustomIOSBackupModule", jobs=1)
         cmd.platform = "ios"
         cmd.name = "check-backup"
         cmd.custom_modules = [CustomIOSBackupModule]
@@ -496,7 +548,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         assert RecordingModule.run_order == []
 
     def test_custom_module_dependencies_use_topological_order(self):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="CustomDependsOnBuiltin")
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(module_name="CustomDependsOnBuiltin", jobs=1)
         cmd.platform = "ios"
         cmd.name = "check-backup"
         cmd.modules = [SecondModule, FirstModule]
@@ -506,6 +558,228 @@ class TestCommand:
 
         assert RecordingModule.run_order == ["FirstModule", "CustomDependsOnBuiltin"]
 
+    def test_parallel_modules_overlap_and_respect_worker_limit(self):
+        lock = threading.Lock()
+        barrier = threading.Barrier(2)
+        active = 0
+        maximum = 0
+        overlapped = []
+
+        class ParallelModule(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                nonlocal active, maximum
+                with lock:
+                    active += 1
+                    maximum = max(maximum, active)
+                try:
+                    barrier.wait(timeout=2)
+                    overlapped.append(self.__class__.__name__)
+                    time.sleep(0.02)
+                finally:
+                    with lock:
+                        active -= 1
+
+        class ParallelOne(ParallelModule):
+            pass
+
+        class ParallelTwo(ParallelModule):
+            pass
+
+        class ParallelThree(ParallelModule):
+            pass
+
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=2)
+        cmd.modules = [ParallelOne, ParallelTwo, ParallelThree]
+        cmd.run()
+
+        assert maximum == 2
+        assert {"ParallelOne", "ParallelTwo"}.issubset(overlapped)
+
+    def test_dependencies_wait_and_transitive_dependencies_run_once(self):
+        prerequisite_finished = threading.Event()
+        runs = []
+
+        class Prerequisite(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                runs.append("prerequisite")
+                self.results = ["ready"]
+                prerequisite_finished.set()
+
+        class Dependent(RecordingModule):
+            dependencies = (Prerequisite,)
+
+            def run(self):
+                assert prerequisite_finished.is_set()
+                assert self.get_dependency_results(Prerequisite) == ["ready"]
+                runs.append(self.__class__.__name__)
+
+        class DependentOne(Dependent):
+            pass
+
+        class DependentTwo(Dependent):
+            pass
+
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=3)
+        cmd.modules = [DependentOne, DependentTwo, Prerequisite]
+        cmd.run()
+
+        assert runs.count("prerequisite") == 1
+        assert set(runs[1:]) == {"DependentOne", "DependentTwo"}
+
+    def test_parallel_unsafe_module_runs_exclusively(self):
+        lock = threading.Lock()
+        active = 0
+        unsafe_ran_exclusively = []
+
+        class SafeOne(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                nonlocal active
+                with lock:
+                    active += 1
+                time.sleep(0.03)
+                with lock:
+                    active -= 1
+
+        class Unsafe(RecordingModule):
+            parallel_safe = False
+
+            def run(self):
+                nonlocal active
+                with lock:
+                    unsafe_ran_exclusively.append(active == 0)
+                    active += 1
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+                with lock:
+                    active -= 1
+
+        class SafeTwo(SafeOne):
+            pass
+
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=3)
+        cmd.modules = [SafeOne, Unsafe, SafeTwo]
+        cmd.run()
+
+        assert unsafe_ran_exclusively == [True]
+
+    def test_results_are_aggregated_in_topological_order(self):
+        release_first = threading.Event()
+
+        class SlowFirst(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                release_first.wait(timeout=2)
+                self.results = ["first"]
+                self.timeline = [{"module": "first"}]
+                self.alertstore.info("first", "", {"order": 1})
+
+        class FastSecond(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                self.results = ["second"]
+                self.timeline = [{"module": "second"}]
+                self.alertstore.info("second", "", {"order": 2})
+                release_first.set()
+
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=2)
+        cmd.modules = [SlowFirst, FastSecond]
+        cmd.run()
+
+        assert [type(module) for module in cmd.executed] == [SlowFirst, FastSecond]
+        assert [entry["module"] for entry in cmd.timeline] == ["first", "second"]
+        assert [alert.message for alert in cmd.alertstore.alerts] == ["first", "second"]
+
+    def test_parallel_console_logs_are_grouped_and_file_log_is_complete(
+        self, tmp_path
+    ):
+        output = StringIO()
+        handler = MVTLogHandler(
+            console=Console(file=output, force_terminal=False, color_system=None)
+        )
+        handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(message)s"))
+        logger = logging.getLogger("mvt")
+        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+        logger.addHandler(handler)
+        release_slow = threading.Event()
+
+        class SlowLog(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                self.log.info("slow-a")
+                release_slow.wait(timeout=2)
+                self.log.info("slow-b")
+
+        class FastLog(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                self.log.info("fast-a")
+                self.log.info("fast-b")
+                release_slow.set()
+
+        SlowLog.__module__ = "mvt.tests.parallel"
+        FastLog.__module__ = "mvt.tests.parallel"
+        try:
+            cmd = RecordingCommand(results_path=str(tmp_path), jobs=2)
+            cmd.modules = [SlowLog, FastLog]
+            cmd.run()
+        finally:
+            logger.removeHandler(handler)
+
+        console_output = output.getvalue()
+        fast_block = (
+            console_output.index("--- FastLog ---"),
+            console_output.index("fast-a"),
+            console_output.index("fast-b"),
+        )
+        slow_block = (
+            console_output.index("--- SlowLog ---"),
+            console_output.index("slow-a"),
+            console_output.index("slow-b"),
+        )
+        assert fast_block == tuple(sorted(fast_block))
+        assert slow_block == tuple(sorted(slow_block))
+        assert fast_block[-1] < slow_block[0] or slow_block[-1] < fast_block[0]
+        file_output = (tmp_path / "command.log").read_text()
+        for message in ("slow-a", "slow-b", "fast-a", "fast-b"):
+            assert message in file_output
+
+    def test_encrypted_backup_stops_scheduling_and_cleans_up(self, caplog):
+        finish_called = []
+
+        class Encrypted(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                raise EncryptedBackupError
+
+        class NeverScheduled(RecordingModule):
+            dependencies = (Encrypted,)
+
+        class CleanupCommand(RecordingCommand):
+            def finish(self):
+                finish_called.append(True)
+
+        cmd = CleanupCommand(jobs=2)
+        cmd.modules = [Encrypted, NeverScheduled]
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.CRITICAL):
+            cmd.run()
+
+        assert finish_called == [True]
+        assert not any(isinstance(module, NeverScheduled) for module in cmd.executed)
+        assert "backup appears to be encrypted" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_profiling_forces_sequential_execution(self, monkeypatch, caplog):
+        run_order = []
+
+        class ProfileOne(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                run_order.append("one")
+
+        class ProfileTwo(RecordingModule):
+            def run(self):
+                run_order.append("two")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(settings, "PROFILE", True)
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=4)
+        cmd.modules = [ProfileOne, ProfileTwo]
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+            cmd.run()
+
+        assert run_order == ["one", "two"]
+        assert "forcing sequential module execution" in caplog.text
     def test_custom_module_replaces_builtin(self, caplog):
         cmd = RecordingCommand()
         cmd.platform = "ios"
@@ -516,7 +790,10 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == ["IndependentModule", "ReplacementModule"]
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
+            "IndependentModule",
+            "ReplacementModule",
+        ]
         assert cmd.module_replacements == {FirstModule: ReplacementModule}
         assert (
             "Module ReplacementModule from" in caplog.text
@@ -532,7 +809,10 @@ class TestCommand:
 
         cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == ["FirstModule", "CustomIOSBackupModule"]
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
+            "FirstModule",
+            "CustomIOSBackupModule",
+        ]
         assert cmd.module_replacements == {}
 
     def test_unavailable_replaced_module_is_ignored(self, caplog):
@@ -545,7 +825,10 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == ["IndependentModule", "ReplacementModule"]
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
+            "IndependentModule",
+            "ReplacementModule",
+        ]
         assert cmd.module_replacements == {}
         assert "replaces module FirstModule" not in caplog.text
 
@@ -663,7 +946,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == [
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
             "ReplacementModule",
             "OtherReplacementModule",
         ]
@@ -722,8 +1005,9 @@ class TestCommand:
         assert cmd.module_replacements == {}
         assert logged_substitutions(caplog) == []
 
-    def test_modules_replacing_each_other_all_run(self, caplog):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("jobs", [1, 4])
+    def test_modules_replacing_each_other_all_run(self, caplog, jobs):
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=jobs)
         cmd.platform = "ios"
         cmd.name = "check-backup"
         cmd.custom_modules = [MutualReplacementOne, MutualReplacementTwo]
@@ -731,7 +1015,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == [
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
             "MutualReplacementOne",
             "MutualReplacementTwo",
         ]
@@ -742,8 +1026,9 @@ class TestCommand:
         )
         assert logged_substitutions(caplog) == []
 
-    def test_replacement_cycle_of_three_modules_all_run(self, caplog):
-        cmd = RecordingCommand()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("jobs", [1, 4])
+    def test_replacement_cycle_of_three_modules_all_run(self, caplog, jobs):
+        cmd = RecordingCommand(jobs=jobs)
         cmd.platform = "ios"
         cmd.name = "check-backup"
         cmd.custom_modules = [CycleOneModule, CycleTwoModule, CycleThreeModule]
@@ -751,7 +1036,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == [
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
             "CycleOneModule",
             "CycleTwoModule",
             "CycleThreeModule",
@@ -834,7 +1119,7 @@ class TestCommand:
         with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
             cmd.run()
 
-        assert RecordingModule.run_order == [
+        assert [type(module).__name__ for module in cmd.executed] == [
             "SharedSlugModule",
             "OtherSharedSlugModule",
         ]

tests/test_check_ios_backup.py

@@ -41,3 +41,11 @@ class TestCheckBackupCommand:
         result = runner.invoke(check_backup, [str(tmp_path)])
         assert result.exit_code == 1
         assert "does not appear to be an iTunes backup folder" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_check_rejects_non_positive_jobs(self):
+        result = CliRunner().invoke(
+            check_backup, ["--jobs", "0", get_ios_backup_folder()]
+        )
+
+        assert result.exit_code == 2
+        assert "Invalid value for '--jobs'" in result.output

tests/test_custom_modules.py

@@ -288,15 +288,19 @@ def test_androidqf_propagates_custom_modules_to_nested_commands(tmp_path, monkey
     cmd = CmdAndroidCheckAndroidQF(
         target_path=str(tmp_path),
         custom_modules=custom_modules,
+        jobs=7,
     )
 
     def record_available(name):
         def _record(command):
-            records[name] = [
-                module.__name__
-                for module in command._available_modules()
-                if module.__name__.startswith("Nested")
-            ]
+            records[name] = {
+                "jobs": command.jobs,
+                "modules": [
+                    module.__name__
+                    for module in command._available_modules()
+                    if module.__name__.startswith("Nested")
+                ],
+            }
 
         return _record
 
@@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ def test_androidqf_propagates_custom_modules_to_nested_commands(tmp_path, monkey
     assert cmd.run_backup_cmd()
     assert cmd.run_intrusion_logs_cmd()
     assert records == {
-        "bugreport": ["NestedBugreportModule"],
-        "backup": ["NestedBackupModule"],
-        "intrusion_logs": ["NestedIntrusionLogsModule"],
+        "bugreport": {"jobs": 7, "modules": ["NestedBugreportModule"]},
+        "backup": {"jobs": 7, "modules": ["NestedBackupModule"]},
+        "intrusion_logs": {"jobs": 7, "modules": ["NestedIntrusionLogsModule"]},
     }