Detect and attribute Bria AI, fal.ai, and Apple Photos Clean Up

Corpus-mined vendor gaps (42k-file metadata scan, 2026-07-23):
- Bria AI signs C2PA as "Bria Artificial Intelligence" with source type
  empty (no trainedAlgorithmicMedia), so identify was completely blind;
  registered with asserts_ai like Dreamina.
- fal.ai ("fal - Features & Labels Inc.", fal-ai/<model> generators)
  was detected via the source type but never attributed; registered,
  also asserts_ai as a pure generative platform.
- Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal) was detected
  as a generic made-with-AI tag; now attributed as an AI edit via the
  photoshop:Credit marker, and the credit value joins
  AI_GENERATOR_TOKENS so removal strips it in parity.
Each new test was verified red without its fix.

src/remove_ai_watermarks/identify.py

@@ -312,6 +312,9 @@ _AI_VENDOR_TOKENS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
     ("elevenlabs", "ElevenLabs"),
     ("eleven labs", "ElevenLabs"),
     ("black forest", "Black Forest Labs"),
+    ("fal-ai", "fal.ai"),
+    ("bria", "Bria"),
+    ("apple photos clean up", "Apple"),
 )
 
 
@@ -673,7 +676,15 @@ def identify(image_path: Path, *, check_visible: bool = True, check_invisible: b
         watermarks.append("IPTC digitalSourceType (Made with AI)")
         caveats.append(_IPTC_ONLY_CAVEAT)
         if platform is None:
-            platform = "Made-with-AI tag (e.g. Meta AI); platform not specified"
+            # Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal) marks
+            # the edit with photoshop:Credit / IPTC "Apple Photos Clean Up"
+            # next to compositeWithTrainedAlgorithmicMedia -- corpus-measured
+            # 2026-07-23 (35 files); it was detected but never attributed.
+            platform = (
+                "Apple Photos (Clean Up AI edit)"
+                if b"Apple Photos Clean Up" in head
+                else "Made-with-AI tag (e.g. Meta AI); platform not specified"
+            )
 
     # ── IPTC 2025.1 AI-disclosure fields (Iptc4xmpExt:AISystemUsed etc.) ─
     iptc_ai = any(m in head for m in IPTC_AI_FIELD_MARKERS)

src/remove_ai_watermarks/noai/constants.py

@@ -184,6 +184,20 @@ C2PA_AI_VENDORS: tuple[C2paAiVendor, ...] = (
     # manifest alone marks AI generation. Verified against the mined retained
     # corpus, 2026-06-20. ElevenLabs does not use SynthID.
     C2paAiVendor(b"Eleven Labs", "ElevenLabs", "ElevenLabs", "ElevenLabs"),
+    # fal.ai (generative inference platform, issuer "fal - Features & Labels
+    # Inc." / common name "fal.ai", claim generators like "fal-ai/seedvr",
+    # "fal-ai/gpt-image-2"). Corpus-measured 2026-07-23 on the retained
+    # uploads (17 files): the files carry trainedAlgorithmicMedia, so the
+    # verdict already fired, but the platform stayed unattributed. fal.ai is
+    # a pure generative platform, so ``asserts_ai`` also covers its output
+    # that omits the source-type.
+    C2paAiVendor(b"fal-ai", "fal.ai", "fal.ai", "fal.ai", asserts_ai=True),
+    # Bria AI (bria.ai, generative platform) signs as "Bria Artificial
+    # Intelligence" with a "Bria Ai" claim generator and source type
+    # ``empty`` (NOT trainedAlgorithmicMedia), so a real signed file was
+    # completely missed by identify -- corpus-found 2026-07-23. A pure-AI
+    # vendor with distinctive strings, so ``asserts_ai`` is safe here.
+    C2paAiVendor(b"Bria", "Bria Artificial Intelligence", "Bria AI", "Bria", asserts_ai=True),
     # Truepic is a C2PA signing authority, not an AI generator: no platform label,
     # never asserts is_ai (the verdict comes from the digital-source-type).
     C2paAiVendor(b"Truepic", "Truepic", None, None),
@@ -307,6 +321,13 @@ AI_GENERATOR_TOKENS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
         "novelai",
         "reve.com",
         "aphrodite ai",
+        # Corpus-mined 2026-07-23:
+        #   - Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal): XMP
+        #     photoshop:Credit / IPTC credit value; composite source-type
+        #     covered detection, this token covers removal parity (35 files).
+        #   - fal-ai: generative-platform generator string (17 files).
+        "apple photos clean up",
+        "fal-ai",
     }
 )
 

tests/test_identify.py

@@ -171,6 +171,23 @@ class TestIdentifyNonPng:
         assert r.platform == "ElevenLabs"
         assert not any("SynthID" in w for w in r.watermarks)  # ElevenLabs does not use SynthID
 
+    def test_fal_ai_attributed(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        # fal.ai signs as "fal - Features & Labels Inc." with a "fal-ai/<model>"
+        # claim generator; corpus-measured 2026-07-23 (17 files).
+        path = self._c2pa_jpeg(tmp_path, b"fal - Features & Labels Inc. fal-ai/seedvr trainedAlgorithmicMedia")
+        r = identify(path, check_visible=False, check_invisible=False)
+        assert r.is_ai_generated is True
+        assert r.platform == "fal.ai"
+
+    def test_bria_attributed_without_source_type(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        # Bria signs as "Bria Artificial Intelligence" with source type ``empty``
+        # (NO trainedAlgorithmicMedia) -- a pure-generator asserts_ai vendor, so
+        # the issuer/generator strings alone must flag AI. Corpus-found 2026-07-23.
+        path = self._c2pa_jpeg(tmp_path, b"Bria Artificial Intelligence Bria Ai c2pa.created c2pa.edited")
+        r = identify(path, check_visible=False, check_invisible=False)
+        assert r.is_ai_generated is True
+        assert r.platform == "Bria AI"
+
     def test_stability_ai_issuer_attributed_no_synthid(self, tmp_path: Path):
         path = self._c2pa_jpeg(tmp_path, b"Stability AI ... trainedAlgorithmicMedia")
         r = identify(path, check_visible=False)
@@ -285,6 +302,20 @@ class TestIdentifyRealSamples:
         assert r.is_ai_generated is True
         assert any("IPTC" in w for w in r.watermarks)
 
+    def test_apple_clean_up_attributed(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        # Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal) marks the
+        # AI edit via photoshop:Credit next to compositeWithTrainedAlgorithmicMedia
+        # -- it must be attributed, not reported as a generic made-with-AI tag.
+        # Corpus-measured 2026-07-23 (35 files).
+        p = tmp_path / "apple_cleanup.jpg"
+        p.write_bytes(
+            b'\xff\xd8\xff\xe1<x:xmpmeta photoshop:Credit="Apple Photos Clean Up" '
+            b"Iptc4xmpExt:DigitalSourceType=compositeWithTrainedAlgorithmicMedia></x:xmpmeta>\xff\xd9"
+        )
+        r = identify(p, check_visible=False, check_invisible=False)
+        assert r.is_ai_generated is True
+        assert r.platform == "Apple Photos (Clean Up AI edit)"
+
     def test_flux_bfl_c2pa_png(self):
         # flux-1.png: real Black Forest Labs FLUX.2 Playground output (signed C2PA).
         r = identify(SAMPLES_DIR / "flux-1.png", check_visible=False)

tests/test_metadata.py

@@ -777,6 +777,23 @@ class TestExifGenerator:
         remove_ai_metadata(src, out)
         assert exif_generator(out) is None
 
+    def test_apple_clean_up_removal_parity(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        # The "Apple Photos Clean Up" credit is an AI-edit VALUE under a
+        # non-AI key, so removal must drop it by value too (corpus 2026-07-23).
+        from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
+
+        from remove_ai_watermarks.metadata import remove_ai_metadata
+
+        info = PngInfo()
+        info.add_text("Software", "Apple Photos Clean Up")
+        src = tmp_path / "apple.png"
+        Image.new("RGB", (64, 64)).save(src, pnginfo=info)
+        assert exif_generator(src) is not None
+
+        out = tmp_path / "clean.png"
+        remove_ai_metadata(src, out)
+        assert exif_generator(out) is None
+
     def test_imagedescription_tag_ai_tool_detected(self, tmp_path: Path):
         # ...and the EXIF ImageDescription field.
         exif = piexif.dump(