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Detect and attribute Bria AI, fal.ai, and Apple Photos Clean Up
Corpus-mined vendor gaps (42k-file metadata scan, 2026-07-23):
- Bria AI signs C2PA as "Bria Artificial Intelligence" with source type
empty (no trainedAlgorithmicMedia), so identify was completely blind;
registered with asserts_ai like Dreamina.
- fal.ai ("fal - Features & Labels Inc.", fal-ai/<model> generators)
was detected via the source type but never attributed; registered,
also asserts_ai as a pure generative platform.
- Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal) was detected
as a generic made-with-AI tag; now attributed as an AI edit via the
photoshop:Credit marker, and the credit value joins
AI_GENERATOR_TOKENS so removal strips it in parity.
Each new test was verified red without its fix.
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@@ -312,6 +312,9 @@ _AI_VENDOR_TOKENS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
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("elevenlabs", "ElevenLabs"),
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("eleven labs", "ElevenLabs"),
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("black forest", "Black Forest Labs"),
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("fal-ai", "fal.ai"),
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("bria", "Bria"),
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("apple photos clean up", "Apple"),
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)
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@@ -673,7 +676,15 @@ def identify(image_path: Path, *, check_visible: bool = True, check_invisible: b
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watermarks.append("IPTC digitalSourceType (Made with AI)")
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caveats.append(_IPTC_ONLY_CAVEAT)
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if platform is None:
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platform = "Made-with-AI tag (e.g. Meta AI); platform not specified"
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# Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal) marks
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# the edit with photoshop:Credit / IPTC "Apple Photos Clean Up"
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# next to compositeWithTrainedAlgorithmicMedia -- corpus-measured
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# 2026-07-23 (35 files); it was detected but never attributed.
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platform = (
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"Apple Photos (Clean Up AI edit)"
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if b"Apple Photos Clean Up" in head
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else "Made-with-AI tag (e.g. Meta AI); platform not specified"
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)
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# ── IPTC 2025.1 AI-disclosure fields (Iptc4xmpExt:AISystemUsed etc.) ─
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iptc_ai = any(m in head for m in IPTC_AI_FIELD_MARKERS)
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@@ -184,6 +184,20 @@ C2PA_AI_VENDORS: tuple[C2paAiVendor, ...] = (
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# manifest alone marks AI generation. Verified against the mined retained
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# corpus, 2026-06-20. ElevenLabs does not use SynthID.
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C2paAiVendor(b"Eleven Labs", "ElevenLabs", "ElevenLabs", "ElevenLabs"),
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# fal.ai (generative inference platform, issuer "fal - Features & Labels
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# Inc." / common name "fal.ai", claim generators like "fal-ai/seedvr",
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# "fal-ai/gpt-image-2"). Corpus-measured 2026-07-23 on the retained
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# uploads (17 files): the files carry trainedAlgorithmicMedia, so the
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# verdict already fired, but the platform stayed unattributed. fal.ai is
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# a pure generative platform, so ``asserts_ai`` also covers its output
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# that omits the source-type.
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C2paAiVendor(b"fal-ai", "fal.ai", "fal.ai", "fal.ai", asserts_ai=True),
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# Bria AI (bria.ai, generative platform) signs as "Bria Artificial
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# Intelligence" with a "Bria Ai" claim generator and source type
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# ``empty`` (NOT trainedAlgorithmicMedia), so a real signed file was
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# completely missed by identify -- corpus-found 2026-07-23. A pure-AI
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# vendor with distinctive strings, so ``asserts_ai`` is safe here.
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C2paAiVendor(b"Bria", "Bria Artificial Intelligence", "Bria AI", "Bria", asserts_ai=True),
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# Truepic is a C2PA signing authority, not an AI generator: no platform label,
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# never asserts is_ai (the verdict comes from the digital-source-type).
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C2paAiVendor(b"Truepic", "Truepic", None, None),
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@@ -307,6 +321,13 @@ AI_GENERATOR_TOKENS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
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"novelai",
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"reve.com",
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"aphrodite ai",
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# Corpus-mined 2026-07-23:
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# - Apple Photos Clean Up (Apple Intelligence object removal): XMP
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# photoshop:Credit / IPTC credit value; composite source-type
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# covered detection, this token covers removal parity (35 files).
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# - fal-ai: generative-platform generator string (17 files).
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"apple photos clean up",
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"fal-ai",
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}
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)
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