Name Copilot, Dreamina, and Qwen in C2PA source labels

docs/watermarking-landscape.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Who embeds what, and whether it is locally detectable (so we know which gaps are
   **Root cause and external confirmation (deep-research 2026-06-19, adversarially verified).** This is the SCHEME's ceiling, not our usage — there is no better decoder to adopt. The imwatermark maintainers state verbatim (both the ShieldMnt and Stability-AI READMEs) that the algorithm "cannot guarantee to decode the original watermarks 100% accurately even though we don't apply any attack." Independent measurement (WMAdapter, arXiv:2406.08337 Table 2) puts dwtDct at only **~0.79 bit accuracy on CLEAN images (~38/48 bits — already below our 44 gate)**, collapsing to ~0.50 (chance) under crop/JPEG. Two code-verified + locally-reproduced mechanisms drive the content-dependent failures: (1) the decoder reads each bit as the **highest-magnitude DCT coefficient per block**, so any content coefficient exceeding the encoded target flips the bit; (2) the default embed is in the **YUV chroma channel, which 8-bit-clamps on white/bright pixels** (a +36 chroma delta survives a white-fill round-trip as only +4, ~89% loss) — this is the mechanism behind the bright-flat / minimalist failures and the all-ones degenerate decode. No maintained fork or detector decodes this scheme reliably: the WAVES benchmark (arXiv:2401.08573) relegates DWT-DCT to supplementary appendix G.5 and targets Stable Signature / Tree-Ring / StegaStamp instead; learned encoder/decoder schemes reach ~0.98-0.99 clean but are a DIFFERENT watermark class (not what SDXL/FLUX stamp). `dwtDctSvd` does not help (SDXL embeds `dwtDct`; dwtDctSvd cannot decode it, and its clean accuracy ~0.72 is lower). **Authoritative conclusion: the open DWT-DCT mark cannot be turned from positive-only into a reliable real-world detector; keep it positive-only and rely on C2PA.** (Refuted along the way: that the library is unmaintained, and that it is robust to JPEG but only fails on geometric attacks — both did not survive verification.)
 
   Consequence for the FLUX hosted-output question (BFL Playground, FLUX.2 [pro] + FLUX.1 [dev], 2026-06-19): all samples carry the signed C2PA manifest (issuer "Black Forest Labs"); the open DWT-DCT decode returned `None`, but every available FLUX carrier (textured fox AND a minimalist-flat generation) failed the positive control (28/48), so the detector is blind on them and **whether BFL hosted output embeds the open pixel watermark is UNRESOLVED** (an earlier note here wrongly asserted it absent — overstated; a later note blamed "high texture" — also wrong, flat carriers fail too). What IS established: C2PA is the reliable FLUX identifier; the `_BITS_48` pattern is correct (round-trips on chatgpt/firefly/random). Resolving the hosted question needs a hosted FLUX carrier that first passes a >=44/48 positive control, which neither a textured nor a flat prompt produced — low priority (the open mark is only a stripped-metadata fallback).
-- **C2PA / IPTC (covered by the issuer/marker scan):** OpenAI, Google, Adobe Firefly, Microsoft (Designer + **Bing Image Creator** — collected 2026-05-24; Bing now runs Microsoft's own **MAI-Image** model, signs C2PA as "Microsoft", NOT OpenAI/DALL-E), **Stability AI** (collected from Brand Studio / DreamStudio successor; signs C2PA as "Stability AI Ltd", no SynthID, no imwatermark on its current Stable Image model — issuer added to `C2PA_ISSUERS`), and **Canva** (Magic Media signs C2PA as "Canva" + `trainedAlgorithmicMedia` with a generic `c2pa-rs` claim generator, no SynthID — issuer `b"Canva"` → "Canva (Magic Media)"; verified samples disproved the earlier assumption that Canva downloads always strip C2PA). Still unsampled: Getty, Shutterstock. Midjourney embeds NO C2PA and no invisible watermark (our `mj-*` sample carried only the IPTC tag).
+- **C2PA / IPTC (covered by the issuer/marker scan):** OpenAI, Google, Adobe Firefly, Microsoft (Copilot + Designer; Bing Image Creator collected 2026-05-24 still signs as "Microsoft" and now runs **MAI-Image**, NOT OpenAI/DALL-E), **Stability AI** (collected from Brand Studio / DreamStudio successor; signs C2PA as "Stability AI Ltd", no SynthID, no imwatermark on its current Stable Image model — issuer added to `C2PA_ISSUERS`), and **Canva** (Magic Media signs C2PA as "Canva" + `trainedAlgorithmicMedia` with a generic `c2pa-rs` claim generator, no SynthID — issuer `b"Canva"` → "Canva (Magic Media)"; verified samples disproved the earlier assumption that Canva downloads always strip C2PA). Still unsampled: Getty, Shutterstock. Midjourney embeds NO C2PA and no invisible watermark (our `mj-*` sample carried only the IPTC tag).
 
 **Samsung Galaxy AI** signs supported edits with C2PA and may carry the
 proprietary `genAIType` marker. The registered visible detector covers the
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ take precedence over issuer attribution. Supported mappings include Higgsfield
 AI, Topaz Labs Image API, and TikTok Ad Creative Toolbox; an unknown claim
 generator still falls back to the certificate issuer.
 
-**ByteDance Volcano Engine (Volcengine)** — the cloud behind Doubao / Jimeng — signs its AI image output with a cert from `certificate_center@volcengine.com` + `trainedAlgorithmicMedia` (issuer `b"volcengine"` → "ByteDance (Volcano Engine)", platform "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)"); note this is the C2PA-signed surface, distinct from the XMP/PNG TC260 `AIGC` label Doubao also uses. ByteDance's **international brand (BytePlus / Seedream / Seededit)** signs the same content as **"Byteplus Pte. Ltd."**. The bare `volcengine` needle missed it, so BytePlus output was mis-attributed to "Adobe Firefly" through an incidental "Adobe XMP" toolkit string. Issuer `b"Byteplus"` now maps directly to "BytePlus (ByteDance)". ByteDance's consumer app **Dreamina** (the international Jimeng brand) signs as **"Bytedance Pte. Ltd."** with a `Dreamina/x.y` claim generator but, unlike the Volcano Engine surface, ships **no `trainedAlgorithmicMedia`**. Issuer `b"Dreamina"` maps to "ByteDance (Dreamina)" with **`asserts_ai=True`**. Registering the broader **issuer** `b"Bytedance Pte"` was deliberately avoided because that same entity also signs non-AI CapCut edits; keying on the `Dreamina` generator token is precise.
+**ByteDance Volcano Engine (Volcengine)** — the cloud behind Doubao / Jimeng — signs its AI image output with a cert from `certificate_center@volcengine.com` + `trainedAlgorithmicMedia` (issuer `b"volcengine"` → "ByteDance (Volcano Engine)", platform "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)"); note this is the C2PA-signed surface, distinct from the XMP/PNG TC260 `AIGC` label Doubao also uses. ByteDance's **international brand (BytePlus / Seedream / Seededit)** signs the same content as **"Byteplus Pte. Ltd."**. The bare `volcengine` needle missed it, so BytePlus output was mis-attributed to "Adobe Firefly" through an incidental "Adobe XMP" toolkit string. Issuer `b"Byteplus"` now maps directly to "BytePlus (ByteDance)". ByteDance's consumer app **Dreamina** (the international Jimeng brand) signs as **"Bytedance Pte. Ltd."** with a `Dreamina/x.y` claim generator but, unlike the Volcano Engine surface, ships **no `trainedAlgorithmicMedia`**. Issuer `b"Dreamina"` maps to "ByteDance (Dreamina)" with **`asserts_ai=True`**. Registering the broader **issuer** `b"Bytedance Pte"` was deliberately avoided because that same entity also signs non-AI CapCut edits; keying on the `Dreamina` generator token is precise.
 - **EXIF/XMP/PNG-text generator tag (caught by `exif_generator`):** **Ideogram** writes EXIF `Make="Ideogram AI"` (collected 2026-05-24 — no C2PA, no SynthID, no imwatermark; the Make tag is the only signal). Additional verified generator stamps include **NovelAI** (`Software`, `Source`, and `Title` PNG text chunks), **Reve** (`Software` or XMP `CreatorTool` = `reve.com`), and **Aphrodite AI** (`Make` or `Software` = `Aphrodite AI`).
 - **App-export provenance and AIGC JSON:** supported ByteDance-family exports can place a JSON object in EXIF `ImageDescription` or `UserComment`, independently of C2PA or TC260. Exact `product` values for Doubao, Xinghui, and Dreamina are removable product provenance, but do not alone prove that the pixels were generated. Dreamina additionally requires `exportType=generation` for that verdict. A nested Aweme `aigc_type=1` or private ByteDance `aigc_label_type=1` / `2` is an AIGC disclosure; `0` is inconclusive and can occur on a Dreamina generation export. Plain Aweme, retouch, and `lv` exports are preserved. The lower-case private field is deliberately not interpreted as the normative TC260 `Label`, whose values `1` / `2` / `3` mean generated / possibly generated / suspected generated under [GB 45438-2025](https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-03-15/1742009439794081593.pdf).
 - **xAI / Grok — its own EXIF signature scheme, NOT C2PA (DETECTED by `metadata.xai_signature`, built 2026-05-26).**

src/remove_ai_watermarks/_internal/constants.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def _vendor(
 
 # Order is product priority when a manifest mentions more than one organization.
 C2PA_AI_VENDORS: tuple[C2paAiVendor, ...] = (
-    _vendor(b"Microsoft", "Microsoft", "Microsoft (Bing Image Creator / Designer)", "Microsoft"),
+    _vendor(b"Microsoft", "Microsoft", "Microsoft (Copilot / Designer)", "Microsoft"),
     _vendor(b"Adobe", "Adobe", "Adobe Firefly", "Adobe"),
     _vendor(
         b"OpenAI",
@@ -78,18 +78,25 @@ C2PA_AI_VENDORS: tuple[C2paAiVendor, ...] = (
     _vendor(b"Google", "Google LLC", "Google (Gemini / Imagen)", "Google", synthid=True),
     _vendor(b"Stability AI", "Stability AI", "Stability AI (Stable Image / DreamStudio)", "Stability AI"),
     _vendor(b"Black Forest Labs", "Black Forest Labs", "Black Forest Labs (FLUX)", "Black Forest Labs"),
-    _vendor(b"volcengine", "ByteDance (Volcano Engine)", "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)", "ByteDance"),
+    _vendor(
+        b"volcengine",
+        "ByteDance (Volcano Engine)",
+        "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)",
+        "ByteDance",
+    ),
     _vendor(
         "北京火山引擎科技有限公司",
         "ByteDance (Volcano Engine)",
-        "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)",
+        "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)",
         "ByteDance",
     ),
-    _vendor(b"Byteplus", "BytePlus (ByteDance)", "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)", "ByteDance"),
+    _vendor(
+        b"Byteplus", "BytePlus (ByteDance)", "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)", "ByteDance"
+    ),
     _vendor(
         b"Dreamina",
         "ByteDance (Dreamina)",
-        "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)",
+        "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)",
         "ByteDance",
         asserts_ai=True,
     ),
@@ -109,7 +116,7 @@ C2PA_IDENTITY_AI_ORGS = frozenset(vendor.org for vendor in C2PA_AI_VENDORS if ve
 C2PA_CLAIM_GENERATOR_PLATFORMS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
     ("adobe_firefly", "Adobe Firefly"),
     ("firefly", "Adobe Firefly"),
-    ("dreamina", "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)"),
+    ("dreamina", "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)"),
     ("higgsfield ai", "Higgsfield AI"),
     ("topaz labs image api", "Topaz Labs"),
     ("tiktok ad creative toolbox", "TikTok Ad Creative Toolbox"),

src/remove_ai_watermarks/identify.py

@@ -770,6 +770,7 @@ _AI_VENDOR_TOKENS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
     ("google", "Google"),
     ("firefly", "Adobe"),
     ("adobe", "Adobe"),
+    ("copilot", "Microsoft"),
     ("bing", "Microsoft"),
     ("designer", "Microsoft"),
     ("microsoft", "Microsoft"),

src/remove_ai_watermarks/qwen_engine.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Qwen (Tongyi Qianwen, Alibaba) visible watermark detector/localizer.
+"""Qwen (Alibaba) visible watermark detector/localizer.
 
 Qwen stamps its generations with a visible "千问AI生成" text strip in the
 bottom-right corner -- the explicit AIGC label mandated by China's GB 45438-2025

src/remove_ai_watermarks/watermark_registry.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Entries:
   - ``gemini`` -- Google Gemini / Nano Banana sparkle, bottom-right.
   - ``doubao`` -- ByteDance Doubao "豆包AI生成" text strip, bottom-right.
   - ``jimeng`` -- ByteDance Jimeng / Dreamina "★ 即梦AI" wordmark, bottom-right.
-  - ``qwen`` -- Alibaba Tongyi Qianwen "千问AI生成" text strip, bottom-right.
+  - ``qwen`` -- Alibaba Qwen "千问AI生成" text strip, bottom-right.
   - ``kling`` -- Kuaishou Kling "可灵AI 3.0" text strip, bottom-right.
   - ``yuanbao`` -- Tencent Yuanbao "元宝 / AI生成" two-line mark, bottom-right.
   - ``samsung`` -- Samsung Galaxy AI "Contenuti generati dall'AI" strip, bottom-left.
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ _REGISTRY: tuple[KnownMark, ...] = (
         "qwen",
         "Qwen 千问AI生成 text",
         "bottom-right",
-        platform="Alibaba Tongyi Qianwen (visible 千问AI生成 mark detected)",
+        platform="Alibaba Qwen (visible 千问AI生成 mark detected)",
         tc260_producer_codes=("91440101MA9Y9T4H7A",),
     ),
     _text_mark(

tests/test_identify.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from remove_ai_watermarks._internal.constants import C2PA_AI_VENDORS, C2PA_CLAIM_GENERATOR_PLATFORMS
 from remove_ai_watermarks.identify import (
     ProvenanceEvidence,
     ProvenanceReport,
@@ -1300,12 +1301,20 @@ class TestVendorOf:
     def test_registered_vendors_normalize(self):
         # Regression: these registered C2PA vendors returned None, so their claims never
         # entered clash detection (a coverage hole). They now normalize to one origin.
-        assert _vendor_of("ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Volcano Engine)") == "ByteDance"
+        assert _vendor_of("Microsoft (Copilot / Designer)") == "Microsoft"
+        assert _vendor_of("Copilot") == "Microsoft"
+        assert _vendor_of("ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)") == "ByteDance"
         assert _vendor_of("Dreamina/1.2") == "ByteDance"
         assert _vendor_of("Canva (Magic Media)") == "Canva"
         assert _vendor_of("Black Forest Labs (FLUX)") == "Black Forest Labs"
         assert _vendor_of("Eleven Labs Inc.") == "ElevenLabs"
 
+    def test_bytedance_issuers_share_one_platform(self):
+        expected = "ByteDance (Doubao / Jimeng / Dreamina / Volcano Engine)"
+        platforms = {vendor.platform for vendor in C2PA_AI_VENDORS if vendor.needle == "ByteDance"}
+        assert platforms == {expected}
+        assert ("dreamina", expected) in C2PA_CLAIM_GENERATOR_PLATFORMS
+
 
 class TestIntegrityClashesHelper:
     def test_two_ai_vendors_clash(self):