Files
remove-ai-watermarks/scripts/synthid_ensemble_attack.py
Victor Kuznetsov 07b07634cf Merge the docs/arxiv-paper-review research line into main (#95)
* Add rigorous SynthID research and evaluation harness

* Record SynthID cross-epoch validation results

* Reset SynthID detector hypotheses to paired training

* Add paired wavelet and spectral SynthID probes

* Record closed-corpus SynthID detector ablations

* Add registered SynthID phase probing

* Add periodic SynthID tile probing

* Add calibrated SynthID pixel detector

* Harden scale-registered SynthID detection

* Record SynthID phase and channel rescue findings

* Add production SynthID routing and OpenAI verification

* Reframe periodic pixel route as pipeline lattice; confirm and harden detection

The frozen periodic experts read an origin-anchored generation-pipeline lattice destroyed by a crop off the tile grid, not the crop-robust SynthID mark. Route the pixel result as an experimental pipeline_lattice signal kept out of the watermark inventory, and carry the crop sensitivity in every verdict envelope.

Add split-patch phase/amplitude/codeword confirmation for registered-v3, affine-lattice and cyclostationary research probes, and timeout/retry/error-taxonomy hardening for the official OpenAI verification path.

* Record pipeline-lattice reframing and registered-v3 phase lock

Document that the pixel route detects an origin-anchored lattice rather than the watermark, and record the registered-v3 two-pixel phase-lock measurement: a 2px diagonal crop killed all 36 tested detections (28 foreign-generator, 8 Google) with recovery only at offsets that are multiples of four. Update README, CLI, Python API, supported-signals, known-limitations, module-internals, the SynthID reference, and the detector research plan.

* Split SynthID campaign docs by detector, classifiers, and removal

Keep Model 1 as a research AI-versus-camera result outside the library.
Retire the mixed oracle-ladders page to a routing hub and mark the plan
file as a chronological archive.

* Keep 2026-08-22 SynthID campaign results in research docs only

Drop Bayer, Model 1, and lattice re-check numbers from user guides and
module internals. The library surface is unchanged.

* Unplug lattice detector from package, expand research docs

* Remove lattice detector sources from the public package

* Document SynthID GitHub sweep findings

* Document general AI classifier sweep

* Document modern-negative taxonomy audit and classifier doc split

Split general AI-classifier research into ai-generated-image-classifiers.md
and record the modern-negative campaign: Unsplash/Openverse date-clean cells,
contamination controls, quarter-hard paired result, closed linear veto and
taxonomy-continuation arms.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known uv-secure lightning advisory with no upstream fix (same triage as main); core checks separately green (ruff, format, pyright, 1564 tests); 2) /simplify - docs-only single pass, no findings; 3) docs sync - split references updated everywhere, none stale; 4) CLAUDE.md - routing line already updated, compliant

* Record wild-AI audit, Meta provider class, and stock-negative expansion

The wild vendor-flagged AI cell (300 stratified rows) puts Model 1 recall at
69.7% on unknown-renderer stock AI; the stock-negative harvest triples the
modern fashion/product cells and confirms the combined-pool veto control;
the Meta muse-image corpus doubles to 132 rows with its margin sweep; a
per-channel cv2 reference fixes the latent fold test under cv2 4.10.0.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known uv-secure lightning advisory with no upstream fix; core checks separately green (ruff, format, pyright, 1665 tests); 2) /simplify - docs-only single pass, no findings; 3) docs sync - new run references point at the gitignored research store, none stale; 4) CLAUDE.md - compact, no changes needed

* Close representation-change campaign: both candidates falsified

Pre-registered gates (AI-test >=1772, fresh OI <=50, Kodak 0, FLUX >=288,
EvalGEN >=95) rejected DINOv2-L ridge head (1427/1847, 162/3000, 1/24, 29/300,
5/100) and the paired-reconstruction FFT tower (14/1847, 12/3000, 0/24, 0/300,
0/100; contract learned at 0.949 pairwise separation but no transfer to
production generators). Campaign verdict: general classifier beyond local
scale as pursued; product stays on documented remainder.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known uv-secure lightning advisory with no upstream fix; core checks green minutes ago (ruff, format, pyright, 1665 tests); 2) /simplify - docs-only single pass, no findings; 3) docs sync - verdict mirrored in data/research/REPRESENTATION-CAMPAIGN.md, no stale refs; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Record full failure map, H2 router falsification, and H3 process detector closure

20 measured negative domains with batch-2 (memes, whiteboards, tickets, book
pages). H2 domain router falsified: 97.9% of AI-test looks structured, every
family 94-100%. H3 process detector on 369 contrastive pairs from three
generators (OpenAI gpt-image-1-mini, Meta muse-image-1.0, Gemini flash-image)
achieves 0.909 pairwise AUC on training pairs but transfers at AUC 0.55-0.60
to production AI; human receipts score higher than any AI family. The
generator-specific spectral trace does not generalize across three generators,
closing the process-trace family in its current form.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1665 tests); 2) /simplify - docs + research scripts, single pass, no findings; 3) docs sync - all artifacts in data/research/, no stale refs; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Record H4-H6 research hypotheses: MLP probe, spectral invariant, TTA voting

H4 (MLP on frozen CLIP): 98.6% AI-test recall but 15.8% photo FPR — same
trade-off curve as quarter-hard. H5 (spectral invariant from CVPR 2025):
2.4% recall, the 1/f^alpha profile does not discriminate current generators.
H6 (TTA voting): fixes museum FP but not documents/UI/fashion, loses 9% recall.
All three falsified against frozen gates; ten total closed hypotheses now
document the CLIP-L representation limit from every angle.

Also records the provider cascade across all 20 domains (69.8% stray on
documents mirrors the detector failure map) and the full Y-phase campaign
PSNR data awaiting oracle rate-limit reset.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1665 tests); 2) /simplify - docs-only single pass, no findings; 3) docs sync - all artifacts in data/research/, no stale refs; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Fix Y-phase frequency convention, record H4-H6 and campaign results

The initial Y-phase campaign targeted FFT bins 16-32 instead of spatial
periods 16-32 px (1/32 to 1/16 cycles/px). After the fix, the full-octave
Y-phase scramble reproduces the known kill (not_detected at 20.5 dB on s1
at native 1122x1402). Partial sub-bands are visually invisible (42.5 dB)
but stay detected: the mark is distributed across the full octave, not
concentrated. Point intervention is not viable within this frequency band.

H4 MLP probe: 98.6% recall, 15.8% FPR (same trade-off wall).
H5 spectral invariant: 2.4% recall (1/f^alpha does not discriminate).
H6 TTA voting: fixes museum FP but not documents/UI/fashion.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (1665 tests, verified minutes ago); 2) /simplify - docs-only; 3) docs sync - all artifacts synced; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Add TC260 fifth class and per-class margin calibration to provider cascade

Five-head cascade (openai/google/tc260/meta/no_ai): openai 68.8%, google
76.6%, tc260 63.8%, meta 71.8% mean recall at uniform margin 0.50.
Per-class margins calibrated against 1.67% photo budget: openai 0.31,
google 0.29, tc260 0.39, meta 0.55. TC260 test recall 71.4% at calibrated
margins on 196 held-out images. Chinese-AIGC is a viable pixel class.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (verified within the hour); 2) /simplify - research script, single pass; 3) docs sync - artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Record universal detector v3-v8: diverse training shifts the curve

Fresh MLP on frozen CLIP embeddings with 49 negative domains (12,258 images)
and 5,043 AI positives achieves 93.0% AI-test recall with 39/49 domains at
zero false positives. Digital art FP dropped from 99.3% (Model 1) to 24.8%,
fashion from 62-71% to 12%, UI from 99.3% to 12%. Photo FPR 0.7%. The
improvement comes from training data diversity on frozen embeddings, not
representation change (v5 fine-tune proved this by undoing the gains).
Also adds .local-eval to ruff exclude so the gate covers only tracked files.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - docs + research; 3) docs sync - all artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Add three-tier ensemble detector: DEFINITELY/POSSIBLY/LIKELY_HUMAN

Combines Model 1 and v8 into calibrated confidence tiers. DEFINITELY_AI
(both models agree) achieves 79.6% recall at 0.50% photo FPR with 46/49
domains at zero FP. The union reaches 93.3% recall at 1.80% photo FPR
with Kodak 0/24. First detector working across ALL content types with
per-tier calibrated error rates.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - docs + ensemble; 3) docs sync - artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Add provider v2: diversity training eliminates document leakage

Same diversity-training insight applied to the provider cascade. Adding
3,769 structured negative features to training drops document/receipt
leakage from 69.8% to 5.1%, UI from 10% to 4.3%, fashion from 5-15% to
0-3%. AI recall improves: OpenAI 84% (was 75%), Google 88.8% (was 79%).
Photo leakage 1.4%. Worst regression: memes 47.9% (was 27%).

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - provider v2; 3) docs sync - artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Add universal v11: full taxonomy, 136 domains, 124 at zero FP

Master data plan mapped 148 visual domains. Massive collection (3,343
images, 73 domains from Openverse) plus gap-filler (724 images from
Safebooru anime/manga) expanded training to 19,768 images across 136
negative domains. Universal v11 (MLP-512 + Model 1 ensemble):
DEFINITELY 90.3% recall at 0.50% photo FPR, ANY 95.6% recall,
124/134 domains at exactly 0% FP, worst FP 13.8% (digital art).

New domains opened: anime, manga, chibi, mecha, vintage photos,
banknotes, newspapers, magazines, movie posters, antique maps,
watercolor/oil originals, patterns, cosmetics, real estate, 3D
renders, and 60+ more.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - docs + research; 3) docs sync - artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Confirm representation limit: v12 fine-tune destroys structured FP despite 6x data

Fine-tuning CLIP tower on 19,518 images achieves 95.1% standalone recall
but returns to 100% FP on art/UI and 14/59 zero-FP domains (vs 124/134
for frozen v11). This is a representation property, not a data issue.
Frozen CLIP + MLP (v11) is the only working architecture. Also records
provider v3 trained on all negative domains.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (ruff, format, pyright, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - docs + research; 3) docs sync - artifacts in data/research/; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Document v13 plateau: 128/136 zero FP, frozen-CLIP ceiling confirmed

v13 with top-plan expansion (1,169 new images) improves domain coverage
to 128/136 at zero FP and reduces fashion FP to 5.3%, but DEFINITELY
recall plateaus at 89.6% and art FP at 15.9%. The frozen CLIP + MLP
architecture has reached its ceiling.

pre-commit: 1) maintain.sh - exit 1, known lightning advisory; core green (verified minutes ago, 1731 tests); 2) /simplify - docs-only; 3) docs sync - v13 recorded; 4) CLAUDE.md - no changes

* Document the 2026-08-31 photo-classifier freeze.

Record the AI-versus-camera contract, Meta v3 hold-out, Flickr UI
replacement, and that receipts stay out of the supported domain.

* Scrub Spaces catalog details from classifier research docs

* Record receipt layout-gate probe for the universal detector
2026-09-01 11:37:32 -07:00

224 lines
8.4 KiB
Python

"""Build pixel-only alternating-projection candidates for the ensemble detector.
The attack removes only the positive complex-spectrum projection onto the
learned RGB phases and HSV saturation/value phases. It preserves geometry and
does not invoke a generative model. Clearing the local research detector is not
proof that a provider oracle will clear SynthID.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import logging
from dataclasses import asdict
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import click
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from synthid_ensemble_detector import EnsembleConfig, detect_image, load_config, load_models
from synthid_pixel_attack import load_rgb, measure, norm_matched_noise
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from synthid_color_space_probe import ColorPhaseModel
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _remove_positive_projection(
channel: np.ndarray,
*,
rows: np.ndarray,
columns: np.ndarray,
phases: np.ndarray,
strength: float,
) -> np.ndarray:
"""Remove STRENGTH of each positive phase projection from CHANNEL."""
if strength < 0.0 or strength > 1.0:
raise ValueError("strength must be between zero and one")
height, width = channel.shape
spectrum = np.fft.fft2(channel.astype(np.float64))
for row, column, phase in zip(rows, columns, phases, strict=True):
row_index = int(row)
column_index = int(column)
direction = np.exp(1j * float(phase))
value = spectrum[row_index, column_index]
projection = max(0.0, float(np.real(value * np.conj(direction))))
delta = strength * projection * direction
conjugate_row = (-row_index) % height
conjugate_column = (-column_index) % width
spectrum[row_index, column_index] -= delta
if (conjugate_row, conjugate_column) == (row_index, column_index):
spectrum[row_index, column_index] = complex(spectrum[row_index, column_index].real, 0.0)
else:
spectrum[conjugate_row, conjugate_column] -= np.conj(delta)
return np.fft.ifft2(spectrum).real
def _project_model_channels(
pixels: np.ndarray,
model: ColorPhaseModel,
*,
included_channels: frozenset[int],
strength: float,
) -> np.ndarray:
"""Apply positive-projection removal to selected MODEL channels."""
result = pixels.astype(np.float64, copy=True)
for channel in included_channels:
positions = np.flatnonzero(model.channels == channel)
if len(positions) == 0:
continue
result[:, :, channel] = _remove_positive_projection(
result[:, :, channel],
rows=model.rows[positions],
columns=model.columns[positions],
phases=model.phases[positions],
strength=strength,
)
return result
def alternating_projection(
pixels: np.ndarray,
rgb_model: ColorPhaseModel,
hsv_model: ColorPhaseModel,
*,
strength: float,
iterations: int,
) -> np.ndarray:
"""Alternate RGB and HSV S/V phase projections without regeneration."""
if iterations < 1:
raise ValueError("iterations must be positive")
expected_shape = (rgb_model.height, rgb_model.width, 3)
if pixels.shape != expected_shape or pixels.shape != (hsv_model.height, hsv_model.width, 3):
raise ValueError("pixel and model geometries do not match")
result = pixels.astype(np.float64)
for _ in range(iterations):
result = _project_model_channels(
result,
rgb_model,
included_channels=frozenset({0, 1, 2}),
strength=strength,
)
rgb_unit = np.clip(result / 255.0, 0.0, 1.0).astype(np.float32)
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(rgb_unit, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV).astype(np.float64)
hsv = _project_model_channels(
hsv,
hsv_model,
included_channels=frozenset({1, 2}),
strength=strength,
)
hsv[:, :, 0] = np.mod(hsv[:, :, 0], 360.0)
hsv[:, :, 1:] = np.clip(hsv[:, :, 1:], 0.0, 1.0)
result = cv2.cvtColor(hsv.astype(np.float32), cv2.COLOR_HSV2RGB).astype(np.float64) * 255.0
return np.clip(np.rint(result), 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
def parse_positive_floats(value: str) -> tuple[float, ...]:
"""Parse strictly increasing strengths in the interval (0, 1]."""
try:
values = tuple(float(item.strip()) for item in value.split(","))
except ValueError as error:
raise click.BadParameter("strengths must be comma-separated numbers") from error
if not values or any(not np.isfinite(item) or item <= 0.0 or item > 1.0 for item in values):
raise click.BadParameter("strengths must be finite and in the interval (0, 1]")
if tuple(sorted(set(values))) != values:
raise click.BadParameter("strengths must be unique and strictly increasing")
return values
def parse_positive_integers(value: str) -> tuple[int, ...]:
"""Parse strictly increasing positive iteration counts."""
try:
values = tuple(int(item.strip()) for item in value.split(","))
except ValueError as error:
raise click.BadParameter("iterations must be comma-separated integers") from error
if not values or any(item < 1 for item in values):
raise click.BadParameter("iterations must be positive")
if tuple(sorted(set(values))) != values:
raise click.BadParameter("iterations must be unique and strictly increasing")
return values
def _load_source(path: Path, config: EnsembleConfig) -> np.ndarray:
"""Load an exact-geometry RGB source."""
pixels = load_rgb(path)
if pixels.shape != (config.height, config.width, 3):
raise ValueError("source geometry does not match detector config")
return pixels
@click.command()
@click.argument("config_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, path_type=Path))
@click.argument("source", type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, path_type=Path))
@click.argument("output_dir", type=click.Path(file_okay=False, path_type=Path))
@click.option("--strengths", default="0.25,0.5,0.75,1", show_default=True)
@click.option("--iterations", default="1,2,4", show_default=True)
def main(config_path: Path, source: Path, output_dir: Path, strengths: str, iterations: str) -> None:
"""Write a frozen pixel-only alternating-projection batch for SOURCE."""
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(message)s")
config = load_config(config_path)
rgb_model, hsv_model = load_models(config)
reference = _load_source(source, config)
strength_values = parse_positive_floats(strengths)
iteration_values = parse_positive_integers(iterations)
output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
variants: list[dict[str, object]] = []
strongest = reference
for iteration_count in iteration_values:
for strength in strength_values:
pixels = alternating_projection(
reference,
rgb_model,
hsv_model,
strength=strength,
iterations=iteration_count,
)
strength_name = f"{strength:g}".replace(".", "p")
name = f"project-s{strength_name}-i{iteration_count}"
path = output_dir / f"{name}.png"
Image.fromarray(pixels, mode="RGB").save(path)
variants.append(
{
**asdict(measure(reference, pixels, name=name, path=path)),
**asdict(detect_image(path, config, rgb_model, hsv_model)),
"strength": strength,
"iterations": iteration_count,
}
)
strongest = pixels
sham = norm_matched_noise(reference, strongest, seed=20260823)
sham_path = output_dir / "sham-strongest-rms.png"
Image.fromarray(sham, mode="RGB").save(sham_path)
variants.append(
{
**asdict(measure(reference, sham, name="sham-strongest-rms", path=sham_path)),
**asdict(detect_image(sham_path, config, rgb_model, hsv_model)),
"strength": None,
"iterations": None,
}
)
report_path = output_dir / "report.json"
report_path.write_text(
json.dumps(
{
"source": str(source),
"config": str(config_path),
"variants": variants,
},
indent=2,
)
+ "\n",
encoding="utf-8",
)
log.info("Wrote %d alternating-projection candidates: %s", len(variants), report_path)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()