Update config.yaml

config.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # ============================================
 
 # 前端显示的版本号（可选，不填则显示默认版本）
-version: "v1.5.15"
+version: "v1.5.17"
 # 服务器配置
 server:
   host: 0.0.0.0 # 监听地址，0.0.0.0 表示监听所有网络接口

internal/database/database.go

@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@ func (db *DB) initTables() error {
 		method TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'post',
 		cmd_param TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 		remark TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+		encoding TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+		os TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 		created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
 	);`
 
@@ -402,6 +404,11 @@ func (db *DB) initTables() error {
 		// 不返回错误，允许继续运行
 	}
 
+	if err := db.migrateWebshellConnectionsTable(); err != nil {
+		db.logger.Warn("迁移webshell_connections表失败", zap.Error(err))
+		// 不返回错误，允许继续运行
+	}
+
 	if _, err := db.Exec(createIndexes); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("创建索引失败: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -732,6 +739,37 @@ func (db *DB) migrateVulnerabilitiesTable() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// migrateWebshellConnectionsTable 迁移 webshell_connections 表，补充新字段
+func (db *DB) migrateWebshellConnectionsTable() error {
+	columns := []struct {
+		name string
+		stmt string
+	}{
+		{name: "encoding", stmt: "ALTER TABLE webshell_connections ADD COLUMN encoding TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"},
+		{name: "os", stmt: "ALTER TABLE webshell_connections ADD COLUMN os TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"},
+	}
+
+	for _, col := range columns {
+		var count int
+		err := db.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pragma_table_info('webshell_connections') WHERE name=?", col.name).Scan(&count)
+		if err != nil {
+			if _, addErr := db.Exec(col.stmt); addErr != nil {
+				errMsg := strings.ToLower(addErr.Error())
+				if !strings.Contains(errMsg, "duplicate column") && !strings.Contains(errMsg, "already exists") {
+					db.logger.Warn("添加webshell_connections字段失败", zap.String("field", col.name), zap.Error(addErr))
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if count == 0 {
+			if _, addErr := db.Exec(col.stmt); addErr != nil {
+				db.logger.Warn("添加webshell_connections字段失败", zap.String("field", col.name), zap.Error(addErr))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // NewKnowledgeDB 创建知识库数据库连接（只包含知识库相关的表）
 func NewKnowledgeDB(dbPath string, logger *zap.Logger) (*DB, error) {
 	sqlDB, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", dbPath+"?_journal_mode=WAL&_foreign_keys=1&_busy_timeout=5000&_synchronous=NORMAL")

internal/database/webshell.go

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ type WebShellConnection struct {
 	Method    string    `json:"method"`
 	CmdParam  string    `json:"cmdParam"`
 	Remark    string    `json:"remark"`
+	Encoding  string    `json:"encoding"` // 目标响应编码：auto / utf-8 / gbk / gb18030，空值视为 auto
+	OS        string    `json:"os"`       // 目标操作系统：auto / linux / windows，空值/未知视为 auto
 	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"createdAt"`
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +60,8 @@ func (db *DB) UpsertWebshellConnectionState(connectionID, stateJSON string) erro
 // ListWebshellConnections 列出所有 WebShell 连接，按创建时间倒序
 func (db *DB) ListWebshellConnections() ([]WebShellConnection, error) {
 	query := `
-		SELECT id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark, created_at
+		SELECT id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark,
+			COALESCE(encoding, '') AS encoding, COALESCE(os, '') AS os, created_at
 		FROM webshell_connections
 		ORDER BY created_at DESC
 	`
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ func (db *DB) ListWebshellConnections() ([]WebShellConnection, error) {
 	var list []WebShellConnection
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var c WebShellConnection
-		err := rows.Scan(&c.ID, &c.URL, &c.Password, &c.Type, &c.Method, &c.CmdParam, &c.Remark, &c.CreatedAt)
+		err := rows.Scan(&c.ID, &c.URL, &c.Password, &c.Type, &c.Method, &c.CmdParam, &c.Remark, &c.Encoding, &c.OS, &c.CreatedAt)
 		if err != nil {
 			db.logger.Warn("扫描 WebShell 连接行失败", zap.Error(err))
 			continue
@@ -85,11 +88,12 @@ func (db *DB) ListWebshellConnections() ([]WebShellConnection, error) {
 // GetWebshellConnection 根据 ID 获取一条连接
 func (db *DB) GetWebshellConnection(id string) (*WebShellConnection, error) {
 	query := `
-		SELECT id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark, created_at
+		SELECT id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark,
+			COALESCE(encoding, '') AS encoding, COALESCE(os, '') AS os, created_at
 		FROM webshell_connections WHERE id = ?
 	`
 	var c WebShellConnection
-	err := db.QueryRow(query, id).Scan(&c.ID, &c.URL, &c.Password, &c.Type, &c.Method, &c.CmdParam, &c.Remark, &c.CreatedAt)
+	err := db.QueryRow(query, id).Scan(&c.ID, &c.URL, &c.Password, &c.Type, &c.Method, &c.CmdParam, &c.Remark, &c.Encoding, &c.OS, &c.CreatedAt)
 	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -103,10 +107,10 @@ func (db *DB) GetWebshellConnection(id string) (*WebShellConnection, error) {
 // CreateWebshellConnection 创建 WebShell 连接
 func (db *DB) CreateWebshellConnection(c *WebShellConnection) error {
 	query := `
-		INSERT INTO webshell_connections (id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark, created_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+		INSERT INTO webshell_connections (id, url, password, type, method, cmd_param, remark, encoding, os, created_at)
+		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
 	`
-	_, err := db.Exec(query, c.ID, c.URL, c.Password, c.Type, c.Method, c.CmdParam, c.Remark, c.CreatedAt)
+	_, err := db.Exec(query, c.ID, c.URL, c.Password, c.Type, c.Method, c.CmdParam, c.Remark, c.Encoding, c.OS, c.CreatedAt)
 	if err != nil {
 		db.logger.Error("创建 WebShell 连接失败", zap.Error(err), zap.String("id", c.ID))
 		return err
@@ -118,10 +122,10 @@ func (db *DB) CreateWebshellConnection(c *WebShellConnection) error {
 func (db *DB) UpdateWebshellConnection(c *WebShellConnection) error {
 	query := `
 		UPDATE webshell_connections
-		SET url = ?, password = ?, type = ?, method = ?, cmd_param = ?, remark = ?
+		SET url = ?, password = ?, type = ?, method = ?, cmd_param = ?, remark = ?, encoding = ?, os = ?
 		WHERE id = ?
 	`
-	result, err := db.Exec(query, c.URL, c.Password, c.Type, c.Method, c.CmdParam, c.Remark, c.ID)
+	result, err := db.Exec(query, c.URL, c.Password, c.Type, c.Method, c.CmdParam, c.Remark, c.Encoding, c.OS, c.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		db.logger.Error("更新 WebShell 连接失败", zap.Error(err), zap.String("id", c.ID))
 		return err

internal/handler/agent.go

@@ -539,12 +539,7 @@ func (h *AgentHandler) AgentLoop(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "未找到该 WebShell 连接"})
 			return
 		}
-		remark := conn.Remark
-		if remark == "" {
-			remark = conn.URL
-		}
-		webshellContext := fmt.Sprintf("[WebShell 助手上下文] 当前连接 ID：%s，备注：%s。可用工具（仅在该连接上操作时使用，connection_id 填 \"%s\"）：webshell_exec、webshell_file_list、webshell_file_read、webshell_file_write、record_vulnerability、list_knowledge_risk_types、search_knowledge_base。Skills 包请使用「多代理 / Eino DeepAgent」会话中的内置 `skill` 工具渐进加载。\n\n用户请求：%s",
-			conn.ID, remark, conn.ID, req.Message)
+		webshellContext := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintDefault, req.Message)
 		// WebShell 模式下如果同时指定了角色，追加角色 user_prompt（工具集仍仅限 webshell 专用工具）
 		if req.Role != "" && req.Role != "默认" && h.config.Roles != nil {
 			if role, exists := h.config.Roles[req.Role]; exists && role.Enabled && role.UserPrompt != "" {
@@ -1400,12 +1395,7 @@ func (h *AgentHandler) AgentLoopStream(c *gin.Context) {
 			sendEvent("error", "未找到该 WebShell 连接", nil)
 			return
 		}
-		remark := conn.Remark
-		if remark == "" {
-			remark = conn.URL
-		}
-		webshellContext := fmt.Sprintf("[WebShell 助手上下文] 当前连接 ID：%s，备注：%s。可用工具（仅在该连接上操作时使用，connection_id 填 \"%s\"）：webshell_exec、webshell_file_list、webshell_file_read、webshell_file_write、record_vulnerability、list_knowledge_risk_types、search_knowledge_base。Skills 包请使用「多代理 / Eino DeepAgent」会话中的内置 `skill` 工具渐进加载。\n\n用户请求：%s",
-			conn.ID, remark, conn.ID, req.Message)
+		webshellContext := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintDefault, req.Message)
 		// WebShell 模式下如果同时指定了角色，追加角色 user_prompt（工具集仍仅限 webshell 专用工具）
 		if req.Role != "" && req.Role != "默认" && h.config.Roles != nil {
 			if role, exists := h.config.Roles[req.Role]; exists && role.Enabled && role.UserPrompt != "" {

internal/handler/multi_agent_prepare.go

@@ -73,12 +73,7 @@ func (h *AgentHandler) prepareMultiAgentSession(req *ChatRequest) (*multiAgentPr
 			h.logger.Warn("WebShell AI 助手：未找到连接", zap.String("id", req.WebShellConnectionID), zap.Error(errConn))
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("未找到该 WebShell 连接")
 		}
-		remark := conn.Remark
-		if remark == "" {
-			remark = conn.URL
-		}
-		webshellContext := fmt.Sprintf("[WebShell 助手上下文] 当前连接 ID：%s，备注：%s。可用工具（仅在该连接上操作时使用，connection_id 填 \"%s\"）：webshell_exec、webshell_file_list、webshell_file_read、webshell_file_write、record_vulnerability、list_knowledge_risk_types、search_knowledge_base。Skills 包请使用 Eino 多代理内置 `skill` 工具。\n\n用户请求：%s",
-			conn.ID, remark, conn.ID, req.Message)
+		webshellContext := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent, req.Message)
 		// WebShell 模式下如果同时指定了角色，追加角色 user_prompt（工具集仍仅限 webshell 专用工具）
 		if req.Role != "" && req.Role != "默认" && h.config != nil && h.config.Roles != nil {
 			if role, exists := h.config.Roles[req.Role]; exists && role.Enabled && role.UserPrompt != "" {

internal/handler/webshell.go

@@ -3,20 +3,302 @@ package handler
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"cyberstrike-ai/internal/database"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
+	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
 )
 
+// webshellSupportedEncodings 允许的 WebShell 响应编码取值（小写，含空串代表 auto）
+// 仅暴露目前最常见的几种，其他需求可后续扩展（如 Big5、Shift_JIS 等）。
+var webshellSupportedEncodings = map[string]struct{}{
+	"":        {}, // 未配置，按 auto 处理
+	"auto":    {},
+	"utf-8":   {},
+	"utf8":    {},
+	"gbk":     {},
+	"gb18030": {},
+}
+
+// normalizeWebshellEncoding 归一化编码标识：统一为小写，未知值回退为 auto，供持久化使用
+func normalizeWebshellEncoding(enc string) string {
+	enc = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(enc))
+	if _, ok := webshellSupportedEncodings[enc]; !ok {
+		return "auto"
+	}
+	if enc == "" {
+		return "auto"
+	}
+	if enc == "utf8" {
+		return "utf-8"
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// decodeWebshellOutput 把 WebShell 返回的字节按指定编码转换为合法 UTF-8 字符串。
+// 约定：
+//   - "" / "auto"：若已是合法 UTF-8 原样返回，否则依次尝试 GB18030（GBK 超集）解码。
+//   - "utf-8" / "utf8"：原样返回，非法字节交由 JSON 层按 U+FFFD 处理（保持原有行为）。
+//   - "gbk" / "gb18030"：强制按对应编码解码；失败则回退原始字节。
+//
+// 该函数对空输入直接返回空串，避免不必要的转换。
+func decodeWebshellOutput(raw []byte, encoding string) string {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	enc := normalizeWebshellEncoding(encoding)
+	switch enc {
+	case "utf-8":
+		return string(raw)
+	case "gbk":
+		if out, _, err := transform.Bytes(simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewDecoder(), raw); err == nil {
+			return string(out)
+		}
+		return string(raw)
+	case "gb18030":
+		if out, _, err := transform.Bytes(simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewDecoder(), raw); err == nil {
+			return string(out)
+		}
+		return string(raw)
+	default: // auto
+		if utf8.Valid(raw) {
+			return string(raw)
+		}
+		// GB18030 是 GBK 的超集，覆盖范围最广，auto 模式统一用它兜底
+		if out, _, err := transform.Bytes(simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewDecoder(), raw); err == nil {
+			return string(out)
+		}
+		return string(raw)
+	}
+}
+
+// webshellSupportedOS 允许的 WebShell 目标操作系统（小写，空串代表 auto）
+var webshellSupportedOS = map[string]struct{}{
+	"":        {},
+	"auto":    {},
+	"linux":   {},
+	"windows": {},
+}
+
+// normalizeWebshellOS 归一化 OS 标识，未知值回退为 auto，供持久化使用
+func normalizeWebshellOS(osTag string) string {
+	osTag = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(osTag))
+	if _, ok := webshellSupportedOS[osTag]; !ok {
+		return "auto"
+	}
+	if osTag == "" {
+		return "auto"
+	}
+	return osTag
+}
+
+// resolveWebshellOS 根据连接的 os 与 shellType 推断最终目标 OS（仅返回 "linux" 或 "windows"）。
+// 规则：
+//   - 显式 linux / windows：按用户选择。
+//   - auto 或未知：asp/aspx → windows，其他 → linux。保持历史行为，平滑向后兼容。
+func resolveWebshellOS(osTag, shellType string) string {
+	osTag = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(osTag))
+	switch osTag {
+	case "linux":
+		return "linux"
+	case "windows":
+		return "windows"
+	}
+	t := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(shellType))
+	if t == "asp" || t == "aspx" {
+		return "windows"
+	}
+	return "linux"
+}
+
+// quoteCmdPath 把路径按 Windows cmd.exe 规则转义。
+// 使用双引号包裹，内部双引号转义为 ""（cmd 接受的写法）。
+func quoteCmdPath(p string) string {
+	if p == "" {
+		return "\".\""
+	}
+	return "\"" + strings.ReplaceAll(p, "\"", "\"\"") + "\""
+}
+
+// quotePsSingle 把字符串按 PowerShell 单引号字符串规则转义（内部 ' → ''）。
+// 供 PowerShell 脚本参数使用，全脚本只用单引号，外层 cmd 再用双引号包裹即可安全传递。
+func quotePsSingle(s string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") + "'"
+}
+
+// quoteShellSinglePosix 把路径按 POSIX sh 单引号规则转义（内部 ' → '\''）
+func quoteShellSinglePosix(p string) string {
+	if p == "" {
+		return "."
+	}
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(p, "'", "'\\''") + "'"
+}
+
+// quoteWebshellPath 按目标 OS 选择转义方案：Linux 用 POSIX 单引号，Windows 用 cmd 双引号
+func quoteWebshellPath(path, osTag string) string {
+	if resolveWebshellOS(osTag, "") == "windows" {
+		return quoteCmdPath(path)
+	}
+	return quoteShellSinglePosix(path)
+}
+
+// buildWindowsPowerShellWrite 构造 Windows 端把 base64 内容一次性写入目标路径的 cmd 命令。
+// 外层走 cmd.exe 的 powershell 调用，PowerShell 脚本里只用单引号字符串，避免嵌套引号陷阱。
+func buildWindowsPowerShellWrite(path, b64 string) string {
+	script := "$b=[Convert]::FromBase64String(" + quotePsSingle(b64) + ");" +
+		"[IO.File]::WriteAllBytes(" + quotePsSingle(path) + ",$b)"
+	return "powershell -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command \"" + script + "\""
+}
+
+// buildWindowsPowerShellAppend 构造 Windows 端把 base64 内容追加写入目标路径的 cmd 命令（用于分块上传）
+func buildWindowsPowerShellAppend(path, b64 string) string {
+	script := "$b=[Convert]::FromBase64String(" + quotePsSingle(b64) + ");" +
+		"$f=[IO.File]::Open(" + quotePsSingle(path) + ",[IO.FileMode]::Append,[IO.FileAccess]::Write,[IO.FileShare]::None);" +
+		"try{$f.Write($b,0,$b.Length)}finally{$f.Close()}"
+	return "powershell -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command \"" + script + "\""
+}
+
+// fileCommandInput 封装 buildFileCommand 的输入，避免长参数列表
+type fileCommandInput struct {
+	Action     string
+	Path       string
+	TargetPath string
+	Content    string
+	ChunkIndex int
+	OS         string
+	ShellType  string
+}
+
+// buildFileCommand 根据目标 OS 与文件操作类型生成具体的远端命令字符串。
+// 同一份实现供 HTTP 入口（FileOp）与 MCP 入口（FileOpWithConnection）共用，避免双份维护。
+// 返回值第二位是用户可见的业务错误（如 "path is required"）。
+func (h *WebShellHandler) buildFileCommand(in fileCommandInput) (string, error) {
+	targetOS := resolveWebshellOS(in.OS, in.ShellType)
+	action := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(in.Action))
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(in.Path)
+
+	switch action {
+	case "list":
+		p := path
+		if p == "" {
+			p = "."
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return "dir /a " + quoteCmdPath(p), nil
+		}
+		return "ls -la " + quoteShellSinglePosix(p), nil
+
+	case "read":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return "type " + quoteCmdPath(path), nil
+		}
+		return "cat " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+
+	case "delete":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return "del /q /f " + quoteCmdPath(path), nil
+		}
+		return "rm -f " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+
+	case "mkdir":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			// cmd 的 md 默认会自动创建中间目录（等价于 Linux 的 mkdir -p）
+			return "md " + quoteCmdPath(path), nil
+		}
+		return "mkdir -p " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+
+	case "rename":
+		oldPath := path
+		newPath := strings.TrimSpace(in.TargetPath)
+		if oldPath == "" || newPath == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpRenameNeedsBothPaths
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return "move /y " + quoteCmdPath(oldPath) + " " + quoteCmdPath(newPath), nil
+		}
+		return "mv -f " + quoteShellSinglePosix(oldPath) + " " + quoteShellSinglePosix(newPath), nil
+
+	case "write":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		// 统一策略：先把内容 base64 编码，再用目标平台对应方式解码写回，
+		// 这样既能写入任意二进制/含引号的文本，又避免各家 shell 的转义地狱。
+		b64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(in.Content))
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return buildWindowsPowerShellWrite(path, b64), nil
+		}
+		return "echo '" + b64 + "' | base64 -d > " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+
+	case "upload":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		if len(in.Content) > 512*1024 {
+			return "", errFileOpUploadTooLarge
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			return buildWindowsPowerShellWrite(path, in.Content), nil
+		}
+		return "echo '" + in.Content + "' | base64 -d > " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+
+	case "upload_chunk":
+		if path == "" {
+			return "", errFileOpPathRequired
+		}
+		if targetOS == "windows" {
+			if in.ChunkIndex == 0 {
+				return buildWindowsPowerShellWrite(path, in.Content), nil
+			}
+			return buildWindowsPowerShellAppend(path, in.Content), nil
+		}
+		redir := ">>"
+		if in.ChunkIndex == 0 {
+			redir = ">"
+		}
+		return "echo '" + in.Content + "' | base64 -d " + redir + " " + quoteShellSinglePosix(path), nil
+	}
+
+	return "", errFileOpUnsupportedAction(action)
+}
+
+// 业务错误常量，便于上层统一返回用户可见提示
+var (
+	errFileOpPathRequired         = simpleError("path is required")
+	errFileOpRenameNeedsBothPaths = simpleError("path and target_path are required for rename")
+	errFileOpUploadTooLarge       = simpleError("upload content too large (max 512KB base64)")
+)
+
+func errFileOpUnsupportedAction(action string) error {
+	return simpleError("unsupported action: " + action)
+}
+
+// simpleError 是不带堆栈的轻量错误类型，供 buildFileCommand 报可预期的参数校验错误
+type simpleError string
+
+func (e simpleError) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
 // WebShellHandler 代理执行 WebShell 命令（类似冰蝎/蚁剑），避免前端跨域并统一构建请求
 type WebShellHandler struct {
 	logger *zap.Logger
@@ -44,6 +326,8 @@ type CreateConnectionRequest struct {
 	Method   string `json:"method"`
 	CmdParam string `json:"cmd_param"`
 	Remark   string `json:"remark"`
+	Encoding string `json:"encoding"`
+	OS       string `json:"os"`
 }
 
 // UpdateConnectionRequest 更新连接请求
@@ -54,6 +338,8 @@ type UpdateConnectionRequest struct {
 	Method   string `json:"method"`
 	CmdParam string `json:"cmd_param"`
 	Remark   string `json:"remark"`
+	Encoding string `json:"encoding"`
+	OS       string `json:"os"`
 }
 
 // ListConnections 列出所有 WebShell 连接（GET /api/webshell/connections）
@@ -109,6 +395,8 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) CreateConnection(c *gin.Context) {
 		Method:    method,
 		CmdParam:  strings.TrimSpace(req.CmdParam),
 		Remark:    strings.TrimSpace(req.Remark),
+		Encoding:  normalizeWebshellEncoding(req.Encoding),
+		OS:        normalizeWebshellOS(req.OS),
 		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
 	}
 	if err := h.db.CreateWebshellConnection(conn); err != nil {
@@ -159,6 +447,8 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) UpdateConnection(c *gin.Context) {
 		Method:   method,
 		CmdParam: strings.TrimSpace(req.CmdParam),
 		Remark:   strings.TrimSpace(req.Remark),
+		Encoding: normalizeWebshellEncoding(req.Encoding),
+		OS:       normalizeWebshellOS(req.OS),
 	}
 	if err := h.db.UpdateWebshellConnection(conn); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
@@ -331,6 +621,8 @@ type ExecRequest struct {
 	Type     string `json:"type"`      // php, asp, aspx, jsp, custom
 	Method   string `json:"method"`    // GET 或 POST，空则默认 POST
 	CmdParam string `json:"cmd_param"` // 命令参数名，如 cmd/xxx，空则默认 cmd
+	Encoding string `json:"encoding"`  // 响应编码：auto / utf-8 / gbk / gb18030，空则 auto
+	OS       string `json:"os"`        // 目标操作系统：auto / linux / windows，当前 exec 不用它，保留字段便于未来扩展
 	Command  string `json:"command" binding:"required"`
 }
 
@@ -344,23 +636,27 @@ type ExecResponse struct {
 
 // FileOpRequest 文件操作请求
 type FileOpRequest struct {
-	URL        string `json:"url" binding:"required"`
-	Password   string `json:"password"`
-	Type       string `json:"type"`
-	Method     string `json:"method"`                    // GET 或 POST，空则默认 POST
-	CmdParam   string `json:"cmd_param"`                 // 命令参数名，如 cmd/xxx，空则默认 cmd
-	Action     string `json:"action" binding:"required"` // list, read, delete, write, mkdir, rename, upload, upload_chunk
-	Path       string `json:"path"`
-	TargetPath string `json:"target_path"` // rename 时目标路径
-	Content    string `json:"content"`     // write/upload 时使用
-	ChunkIndex int    `json:"chunk_index"` // upload_chunk 时，0 表示首块
+	URL          string `json:"url" binding:"required"`
+	Password     string `json:"password"`
+	Type         string `json:"type"`
+	Method       string `json:"method"`                    // GET 或 POST，空则默认 POST
+	CmdParam     string `json:"cmd_param"`                 // 命令参数名，如 cmd/xxx，空则默认 cmd
+	Encoding     string `json:"encoding"`                  // 响应编码：auto / utf-8 / gbk / gb18030，空则 auto
+	OS           string `json:"os"`                        // 目标操作系统：auto / linux / windows，空则按 shellType 推断
+	ConnectionID string `json:"connection_id,omitempty"`   // 可选：连接 ID；服务端探活出 OS 后会回写到此连接
+	Action       string `json:"action" binding:"required"` // list, read, delete, write, mkdir, rename, upload, upload_chunk
+	Path         string `json:"path"`
+	TargetPath   string `json:"target_path"` // rename 时目标路径
+	Content      string `json:"content"`     // write/upload 时使用
+	ChunkIndex   int    `json:"chunk_index"` // upload_chunk 时，0 表示首块
 }
 
 // FileOpResponse 文件操作响应
 type FileOpResponse struct {
-	OK     bool   `json:"ok"`
-	Output string `json:"output"`
-	Error  string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	OK         bool   `json:"ok"`
+	Output     string `json:"output"`
+	Error      string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	DetectedOS string `json:"detected_os,omitempty"` // 仅在 auto 模式且探活成功时返回，前端应更新本地缓存
 }
 
 func (h *WebShellHandler) Exec(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -415,7 +711,7 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) Exec(c *gin.Context) {
 	if readErr != nil {
 		h.logger.Warn("webshell exec read body", zap.Error(readErr))
 	}
-	output := string(out)
+	output := decodeWebshellOutput(out, req.Encoding)
 	httpCode := resp.StatusCode
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, ExecResponse{
@@ -474,83 +770,32 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) FileOp(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 通过执行系统命令实现文件操作（与通用一句话兼容）
-	var command string
-	shellType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(req.Type))
-	switch req.Action {
-	case "list":
-		path := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
-		if path == "" {
-			path = "."
+	// 若 OS 未显式配置，先发一次探活命令，识别出真实 OS 再构造文件操作命令。
+	// 这解决了 "Windows + PHP + OS=auto" 场景下旧 fallback 错发 `ls -la` 导致目录列不出来的问题。
+	osTag := req.OS
+	detectedOS := ""
+	if normalizeWebshellOS(osTag) == "auto" {
+		if probed := probeWebshellOSViaExec(h.newHTTPExecFn(req.URL, req.Password, req.Type, req.Method, req.CmdParam, req.Encoding)); probed != "" {
+			osTag = probed
+			detectedOS = probed
+			// 若前端带了 connection_id，顺带把探活结果持久化到该连接，后续刷新零成本
+			if cid := strings.TrimSpace(req.ConnectionID); cid != "" {
+				h.persistDetectedOS(cid, probed)
+			}
 		}
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "dir " + h.escapePath(path)
-		} else {
-			command = "ls -la " + h.escapePath(path)
-		}
-	case "read":
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "type " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(req.Path))
-		} else {
-			command = "cat " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(req.Path))
-		}
-	case "delete":
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "del " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(req.Path))
-		} else {
-			command = "rm -f " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(req.Path))
-		}
-	case "write":
-		path := h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(req.Path))
-		command = "echo " + h.escapeForEcho(req.Content) + " > " + path
-	case "mkdir":
-		path := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
-		if path == "" {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "path is required for mkdir"})
-			return
-		}
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "md " + h.escapePath(path)
-		} else {
-			command = "mkdir -p " + h.escapePath(path)
-		}
-	case "rename":
-		oldPath := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
-		newPath := strings.TrimSpace(req.TargetPath)
-		if oldPath == "" || newPath == "" {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "path and target_path are required for rename"})
-			return
-		}
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "move /y " + h.escapePath(oldPath) + " " + h.escapePath(newPath)
-		} else {
-			command = "mv " + h.escapePath(oldPath) + " " + h.escapePath(newPath)
-		}
-	case "upload":
-		path := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
-		if path == "" {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "path is required for upload"})
-			return
-		}
-		if len(req.Content) > 512*1024 {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "upload content too large (max 512KB base64)"})
-			return
-		}
-		// base64 仅含 A-Za-z0-9+/=，用单引号包裹安全
-		command = "echo " + "'" + req.Content + "'" + " | base64 -d > " + h.escapePath(path)
-	case "upload_chunk":
-		path := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
-		if path == "" {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "path is required for upload_chunk"})
-			return
-		}
-		redir := ">>"
-		if req.ChunkIndex == 0 {
-			redir = ">"
-		}
-		command = "echo " + "'" + req.Content + "'" + " | base64 -d " + redir + " " + h.escapePath(path)
-	default:
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: "unsupported action: " + req.Action})
+	}
+
+	command, cmdErr := h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{
+		Action:     req.Action,
+		Path:       req.Path,
+		TargetPath: req.TargetPath,
+		Content:    req.Content,
+		ChunkIndex: req.ChunkIndex,
+		OS:         osTag,
+		ShellType:  req.Type,
+	})
+	if cmdErr != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, FileOpResponse{OK: false, Error: cmdErr.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -585,27 +830,15 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) FileOp(c *gin.Context) {
 	if readErr != nil {
 		h.logger.Warn("webshell fileop read body", zap.Error(readErr))
 	}
-	output := string(out)
+	output := decodeWebshellOutput(out, req.Encoding)
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, FileOpResponse{
-		OK:     resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK,
-		Output: output,
+		OK:         resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK,
+		Output:     output,
+		DetectedOS: detectedOS,
 	})
 }
 
-func (h *WebShellHandler) escapePath(p string) string {
-	if p == "" {
-		return "."
-	}
-	// 简单转义空格与敏感字符，避免命令注入
-	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(p, "'", "'\\''") + "'"
-}
-
-func (h *WebShellHandler) escapeForEcho(s string) string {
-	// 仅用于 write：base64 写入更安全，这里简单用单引号包裹
-	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
-}
-
 // ExecWithConnection 在指定 WebShell 连接上执行命令（供 MCP/Agent 等非 HTTP 调用）
 func (h *WebShellHandler) ExecWithConnection(conn *database.WebShellConnection, command string) (output string, ok bool, errMsg string) {
 	if conn == nil {
@@ -643,7 +876,7 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) ExecWithConnection(conn *database.WebShellConnection,
 	if readErr != nil {
 		h.logger.Warn("webshell ExecWithConnection read body", zap.Error(readErr))
 	}
-	return string(out), resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, ""
+	return decodeWebshellOutput(out, conn.Encoding), resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, ""
 }
 
 // FileOpWithConnection 在指定 WebShell 连接上执行文件操作（供 MCP/Agent 调用），支持 list / read / write
@@ -652,40 +885,38 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) FileOpWithConnection(conn *database.WebShellConnection
 		return "", false, "connection is nil"
 	}
 	action = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(action))
-	shellType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(conn.Type))
-	if shellType == "" {
-		shellType = "php"
-	}
-	var command string
+	// MCP 入口仅开放 list / read / write 三种动作，与工具文档的承诺保持一致
 	switch action {
-	case "list":
-		if path == "" {
-			path = "."
-		}
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "dir " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(path))
-		} else {
-			command = "ls -la " + h.escapePath(strings.TrimSpace(path))
-		}
-	case "read":
-		path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
-		if path == "" {
-			return "", false, "path is required for read"
-		}
-		if shellType == "asp" || shellType == "aspx" {
-			command = "type " + h.escapePath(path)
-		} else {
-			command = "cat " + h.escapePath(path)
-		}
-	case "write":
-		path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
-		if path == "" {
-			return "", false, "path is required for write"
-		}
-		command = "echo " + h.escapeForEcho(content) + " > " + h.escapePath(path)
+	case "list", "read", "write":
+		// 支持的动作
 	default:
 		return "", false, "unsupported action: " + action + " (supported: list, read, write)"
 	}
+
+	// 若连接的 OS 为 auto，先探活并持久化，避免 AI/MCP 每次都对 Windows 发 `ls -la`
+	osTag := conn.OS
+	if normalizeWebshellOS(osTag) == "auto" {
+		if probed := probeWebshellOSViaExec(func(cmd string) (string, bool) {
+			out, exOk, _ := h.ExecWithConnection(conn, cmd)
+			return out, exOk
+		}); probed != "" {
+			osTag = probed
+			conn.OS = probed // 本次请求内使用探活结果
+			h.persistDetectedOS(conn.ID, probed)
+		}
+	}
+
+	command, cmdErr := h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{
+		Action:     action,
+		Path:       path,
+		TargetPath: targetPath,
+		Content:    content,
+		OS:         osTag,
+		ShellType:  conn.Type,
+	})
+	if cmdErr != nil {
+		return "", false, cmdErr.Error()
+	}
 	useGET := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(conn.Method)) == "GET"
 	cmdParam := strings.TrimSpace(conn.CmdParam)
 	if cmdParam == "" {
@@ -714,5 +945,5 @@ func (h *WebShellHandler) FileOpWithConnection(conn *database.WebShellConnection
 	if readErr != nil {
 		h.logger.Warn("webshell FileOpWithConnection read body", zap.Error(readErr))
 	}
-	return string(out), resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, ""
+	return decodeWebshellOutput(out, conn.Encoding), resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, ""
 }

internal/handler/webshell_context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"cyberstrike-ai/internal/database"
+)
+
+// WebshellSkillHintDefault 对话页 / Eino 单代理共用的 Skills 说明，放在 webshell 上下文末尾，
+// 供 AI 选择 skill 加载入口时参考。
+const WebshellSkillHintDefault = "Skills 包请使用「多代理 / Eino DeepAgent」会话中的内置 `skill` 工具渐进加载。"
+
+// WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent 多代理 / Eino 多代理准备阶段使用的 Skills 说明
+const WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent = "Skills 包请使用 Eino 多代理内置 `skill` 工具。"
+
+// webshellAssistantToolList AI 助手在 WebShell 上下文下允许使用的工具清单（展示给模型用）。
+// 注意：此处只是展示字符串，真正的权限限制是在调用方设置的 roleTools 切片里。
+const webshellAssistantToolList = "webshell_exec、webshell_file_list、webshell_file_read、webshell_file_write、record_vulnerability、list_knowledge_risk_types、search_knowledge_base"
+
+// BuildWebshellAssistantContext 根据连接信息与用户原始消息组装 AI 助手的上下文提示词。
+// 上下文包含：连接 ID、备注、目标系统（及对应命令集建议）、响应编码、可用工具清单、Skills 加载入口、
+// 以及最终的用户请求。调用方只需要决定 skillHint 的文案（默认使用 WebshellSkillHintDefault）。
+//
+// 之所以把这段逻辑抽到共享函数里，是为了避免 agent.go / multi_agent_prepare.go 等多处复制粘贴，
+// 并确保当我们升级 OS / Encoding 文案时只需要改一处、测一处、同步生效。
+func BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn *database.WebShellConnection, skillHint, userMsg string) string {
+	if conn == nil {
+		// 兜底：调用方已保证 conn 非 nil，这里只是防御性返回原消息
+		return userMsg
+	}
+	remark := conn.Remark
+	if remark == "" {
+		remark = conn.URL
+	}
+
+	targetOS := resolveWebshellOS(conn.OS, conn.Type) // 归一为 "linux" / "windows"
+	encoding := normalizeWebshellEncoding(conn.Encoding)
+	if skillHint == "" {
+		skillHint = WebshellSkillHintDefault
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(512 + len(userMsg))
+
+	b.WriteString("[WebShell 助手上下文] 连接 ID：")
+	b.WriteString(conn.ID)
+	b.WriteString("，备注：")
+	b.WriteString(remark)
+	b.WriteByte('\n')
+
+	// 目标系统：明确告诉 AI 能用/不能用的命令集，避免它对着 Windows 发 ls/cat/rm
+	b.WriteString("- 目标系统：")
+	b.WriteString(describeTargetOSForPrompt(targetOS))
+	b.WriteByte('\n')
+
+	// 响应编码：仅在非 auto 时显式告知，auto 模式由后端自适应，不打扰模型
+	if encHint := describeEncodingForPrompt(encoding); encHint != "" {
+		b.WriteString("- 响应编码：")
+		b.WriteString(encHint)
+		b.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+
+	// 工具清单 & connection_id 约束：保持旧有表达，AI 已熟悉
+	b.WriteString("可用工具（仅在该连接上操作时使用，connection_id 填 \"")
+	b.WriteString(conn.ID)
+	b.WriteString("\"）：")
+	b.WriteString(webshellAssistantToolList)
+	b.WriteString("。")
+	b.WriteString(skillHint)
+	b.WriteString("\n\n用户请求：")
+	b.WriteString(userMsg)
+
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// describeTargetOSForPrompt 返回某个 OS 对应的中文描述 + 推荐命令集 + 反例，
+// 命令列表覆盖文件管理最常用的 6 类动作（查看/读/删/改名/建目录/查找），让 AI 能直接照抄。
+func describeTargetOSForPrompt(targetOS string) string {
+	switch targetOS {
+	case "windows":
+		return "Windows（推荐 cmd/PowerShell：dir /a、type、del /q /f、move /y、md、ren；" +
+			"查找文件用 `dir /s /b 过滤词` 或 PowerShell `Get-ChildItem -Recurse`；" +
+			"避免 ls / cat / rm / mv / find 等 Unix 命令，否则将返回 `不是内部或外部命令`）"
+	case "linux":
+		return "Linux/Unix（推荐 sh/bash：ls -la、cat、rm -f、mv、mkdir -p；" +
+			"查找文件用 `find /path -name '*pattern*'`；" +
+			"避免 dir、type、del、move 等 Windows 命令）"
+	default:
+		// 理论上不会走到这里，resolveWebshellOS 已经兜底
+		return "未知（请先执行 `uname || ver` 探测再决定命令集）"
+	}
+}
+
+// describeEncodingForPrompt 返回响应编码的人类可读描述；auto 返回空串以减少 token。
+func describeEncodingForPrompt(encoding string) string {
+	switch encoding {
+	case "utf-8":
+		return "UTF-8（目标原生 UTF-8，无需额外解码）"
+	case "gbk":
+		return "GBK（中文 Windows；后端已自动转码为 UTF-8 返回，若仍出现大量 \\uFFFD 替换字符说明命令失败或编码识别错误）"
+	case "gb18030":
+		return "GB18030（后端已自动转码为 UTF-8 返回）"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}

internal/handler/webshell_context_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"cyberstrike-ai/internal/database"
+)
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_WindowsExplicit(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{
+		ID:       "ws_win01",
+		Remark:   "IIS Windows 靶机",
+		URL:      "http://example.com/shell.php",
+		Type:     "php",
+		OS:       "windows",
+		Encoding: "gbk",
+	}
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintDefault, "列出当前目录并告诉我 flag 在哪")
+
+	mustContain(t, got,
+		"[WebShell 助手上下文]",
+		"ws_win01",
+		"IIS Windows 靶机",
+		"目标系统：Windows",
+		"dir /a",
+		"move /y",
+		"避免 ls / cat / rm",
+		"响应编码：GBK",
+		"后端已自动转码为 UTF-8",
+		"connection_id 填 \"ws_win01\"",
+		"webshell_exec、webshell_file_list",
+		WebshellSkillHintDefault,
+		"用户请求：列出当前目录并告诉我 flag 在哪",
+	)
+	// Windows 场景下不应出现 Linux 命令推荐
+	mustNotContain(t, got, "推荐 sh/bash")
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_LinuxAutoFromPHP(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{
+		ID:       "ws_lnx01",
+		Remark:   "", // 测试备注为空时 fallback URL
+		URL:      "http://example.com/a.php",
+		Type:     "php",
+		OS:       "auto", // auto + php → linux
+		Encoding: "",     // auto 编码不显式提示
+	}
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintDefault, "看看 /etc/passwd")
+
+	mustContain(t, got,
+		"连接 ID：ws_lnx01",
+		"备注：http://example.com/a.php", // 备注空时 fallback URL
+		"目标系统：Linux/Unix",
+		"ls -la",
+		"mkdir -p",
+		"避免 dir、type、del、move",
+		"用户请求：看看 /etc/passwd",
+	)
+	// encoding=auto 不应出现"响应编码："这一行
+	mustNotContain(t, got, "响应编码：")
+	// Linux 场景不应出现 Windows 命令
+	mustNotContain(t, got, "推荐 cmd/PowerShell")
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_AutoFromASPDefaultsToWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	// 保留向后兼容：旧连接没配 os，shellType=asp 时应视为 Windows
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{
+		ID:       "ws_asp01",
+		Remark:   "老 ASP 靶机",
+		Type:     "asp",
+		OS:       "", // 空串等同 auto
+		Encoding: "gb18030",
+	}
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent, "查当前用户")
+
+	mustContain(t, got,
+		"目标系统：Windows",
+		"响应编码：GB18030",
+		"后端已自动转码为 UTF-8 返回",
+		WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent,
+	)
+	// 多代理 skill 文案里没有 DeepAgent，不应混入 default 文案
+	mustNotContain(t, got, "DeepAgent")
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_MultiAgentSkillHint(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{ID: "ws_m1", Remark: "x", Type: "php", OS: "linux"}
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent, "hi")
+	mustContain(t, got, WebshellSkillHintMultiAgent)
+	mustNotContain(t, got, "DeepAgent")
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_DefaultSkillHintFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{ID: "ws_d1", Remark: "x", Type: "php", OS: "linux"}
+	// skillHint 传空字符串时应回退到 default
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, "", "hi")
+	mustContain(t, got, WebshellSkillHintDefault)
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_UTF8EncodingIsAnnotated(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := &database.WebShellConnection{
+		ID: "ws_u1", Remark: "u", Type: "jsp", OS: "linux", Encoding: "utf-8",
+	}
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(conn, WebshellSkillHintDefault, "hi")
+	mustContain(t, got, "响应编码：UTF-8", "目标原生 UTF-8")
+}
+
+func TestBuildWebshellAssistantContext_NilConnReturnsUserMsg(t *testing.T) {
+	// 防御性：conn == nil 时不 panic，直接返回原消息
+	got := BuildWebshellAssistantContext(nil, WebshellSkillHintDefault, "just the message")
+	if got != "just the message" {
+		t.Errorf("nil conn should return userMsg as-is, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribeTargetOSForPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string][]string{
+		"windows": {"Windows", "dir /a", "move /y", "PowerShell"},
+		"linux":   {"Linux/Unix", "ls -la", "mkdir -p"},
+		"":        {"未知", "uname"}, // 防御性分支
+	}
+	for in, wants := range cases {
+		got := describeTargetOSForPrompt(in)
+		for _, w := range wants {
+			if !strings.Contains(got, w) {
+				t.Errorf("describeTargetOSForPrompt(%q) should contain %q, got: %s", in, w, got)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribeEncodingForPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"utf-8":   "UTF-8",
+		"gbk":     "GBK",
+		"gb18030": "GB18030",
+		"auto":    "",
+		"":        "",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		got := describeEncodingForPrompt(in)
+		if want == "" && got != "" {
+			t.Errorf("describeEncodingForPrompt(%q) should return empty string, got: %s", in, got)
+		}
+		if want != "" && !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Errorf("describeEncodingForPrompt(%q) should contain %q, got: %s", in, want, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ---- 小工具 ----
+
+func mustContain(t *testing.T, text string, substrings ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, s := range substrings {
+		if !strings.Contains(text, s) {
+			t.Errorf("expected text to contain %q\n--- text ---\n%s", s, text)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func mustNotContain(t *testing.T, text string, substrings ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, s := range substrings {
+		if strings.Contains(text, s) {
+			t.Errorf("text should not contain %q\n--- text ---\n%s", s, text)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/handler/webshell_encoding_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
+	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
+)
+
+// mustEncode 使用指定编码对 UTF-8 字符串做编码，得到原始字节，用于构造测试输入
+func mustEncode(t *testing.T, s string, enc string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var tr transform.Transformer
+	switch enc {
+	case "gbk":
+		tr = simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewEncoder()
+	case "gb18030":
+		tr = simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewEncoder()
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unsupported test encoding: %s", enc)
+	}
+	out, _, err := transform.Bytes(tr, []byte(s))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mustEncode(%s) failed: %v", enc, err)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeWebshellEncoding(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"":         "auto",
+		"   ":      "auto",
+		"auto":     "auto",
+		"AUTO":     "auto",
+		"utf-8":    "utf-8",
+		"UTF-8":    "utf-8",
+		"utf8":     "utf-8",
+		"gbk":      "gbk",
+		"GBK":      "gbk",
+		"gb18030":  "gb18030",
+		"big5":     "auto", // 未支持的回退到 auto
+		"anything": "auto",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := normalizeWebshellEncoding(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("normalizeWebshellEncoding(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWebshellOutput_AutoDetectsGBK(t *testing.T) {
+	// 模拟 Windows 中文 cmd 输出的 GBK 字节流
+	want := "用户名                        SID                                            类型"
+	raw := mustEncode(t, want, "gbk")
+
+	// auto 模式：UTF-8 校验失败后应当回退 GB18030 解码，得到原始中文
+	got := decodeWebshellOutput(raw, "auto")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(auto) = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// 显式 GBK 模式：同样应当正确解码
+	got = decodeWebshellOutput(raw, "gbk")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(gbk) = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// 显式 GB18030 模式：GBK 是 GB18030 子集，也应正确解码
+	got = decodeWebshellOutput(raw, "gb18030")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(gb18030) = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWebshellOutput_PassthroughUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	// 已经是 UTF-8 的中文字符串，各模式都应返回原串（不破坏）
+	want := "hello 世界"
+	for _, enc := range []string{"", "auto", "utf-8"} {
+		if got := decodeWebshellOutput([]byte(want), enc); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(%q) passthrough = %q, want %q", enc, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWebshellOutput_ASCIIStable(t *testing.T) {
+	// 纯 ASCII 在任何模式下都必须保持原样
+	want := "whoami\nAdministrator\n"
+	for _, enc := range []string{"", "auto", "utf-8", "gbk", "gb18030"} {
+		if got := decodeWebshellOutput([]byte(want), enc); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(%q) ASCII = %q, want %q", enc, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWebshellOutput_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	// 空输入直接返回空串，不做额外分配
+	if got := decodeWebshellOutput(nil, "gbk"); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput(nil) = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+	if got := decodeWebshellOutput([]byte{}, "auto"); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("decodeWebshellOutput([]) = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+}

internal/handler/webshell_os_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func newTestWebShellHandler() *WebShellHandler {
+	return NewWebShellHandler(zap.NewNop(), nil)
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeWebshellOS(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"":        "auto",
+		"  ":      "auto",
+		"auto":    "auto",
+		"AUTO":    "auto",
+		"linux":   "linux",
+		"Linux":   "linux",
+		"windows": "windows",
+		"WINDOWS": "windows",
+		"macos":   "auto", // 未支持的回退 auto
+		"solaris": "auto",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := normalizeWebshellOS(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("normalizeWebshellOS(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveWebshellOS(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		osTag     string
+		shellType string
+		want      string
+	}
+	cases := []testCase{
+		// 显式 OS：按用户选择，忽略 shellType
+		{"linux", "asp", "linux"},
+		{"windows", "php", "windows"},
+		{"LINUX", "jsp", "linux"},
+
+		// auto + 各种 shellType：asp/aspx → windows，其他 → linux
+		{"auto", "asp", "windows"},
+		{"auto", "aspx", "windows"},
+		{"auto", "ASP", "windows"},
+		{"auto", "php", "linux"},
+		{"auto", "jsp", "linux"},
+		{"auto", "custom", "linux"},
+		{"auto", "", "linux"},
+
+		// 空/未知 OS 等价 auto
+		{"", "asp", "windows"},
+		{"", "php", "linux"},
+		{"unknown", "aspx", "windows"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got := resolveWebshellOS(c.osTag, c.shellType)
+		if got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("resolveWebshellOS(%q,%q) = %q, want %q", c.osTag, c.shellType, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQuoteCmdPath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"":                     `"."`,
+		`C:\Windows\Temp`:      `"C:\Windows\Temp"`,
+		`C:\Program Files\a`:   `"C:\Program Files\a"`,
+		`C:\weird"name\f.txt`:  `"C:\weird""name\f.txt"`,
+		`.`:                    `"."`,
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := quoteCmdPath(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("quoteCmdPath(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQuoteShellSinglePosix(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"":             ".",
+		"/tmp/a b":     "'/tmp/a b'",
+		"/tmp/it's.txt": `'/tmp/it'\''s.txt'`,
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := quoteShellSinglePosix(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("quoteShellSinglePosix(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBuildFileCommand_LinuxBranch 覆盖 Linux 目标下每个 action 产出的命令
+func TestBuildFileCommand_LinuxBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestWebShellHandler()
+	base := fileCommandInput{OS: "linux", ShellType: "php"}
+
+	mustContain := func(t *testing.T, cmd string, substrings ...string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		for _, s := range substrings {
+			if !strings.Contains(cmd, s) {
+				t.Errorf("expected command to contain %q, got: %s", s, cmd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	mustNotContain := func(t *testing.T, cmd string, substrings ...string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		for _, s := range substrings {
+			if strings.Contains(cmd, s) {
+				t.Errorf("command should not contain %q, got: %s", s, cmd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// list with empty path defaults to '.'
+	in := base
+	in.Action = "list"
+	cmd, err := h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list linux: unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "ls -la", "'.'")
+
+	// list with path containing spaces
+	in.Path = "/tmp/my files"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "ls -la ", "'/tmp/my files'")
+
+	// read with path
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "read"
+	in.Path = "/etc/passwd"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "cat ", "'/etc/passwd'")
+
+	// read without path → error
+	in.Path = ""
+	if _, err := h.buildFileCommand(in); err != errFileOpPathRequired {
+		t.Errorf("read empty path: want errFileOpPathRequired, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// delete
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "delete"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/a.txt"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "rm -f ", "'/tmp/a.txt'")
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, "del")
+
+	// mkdir
+	in.Action = "mkdir"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/new/sub"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "mkdir -p ", "'/tmp/new/sub'")
+
+	// rename
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "rename"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/a"
+	in.TargetPath = "/tmp/b"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "mv -f ", "'/tmp/a'", "'/tmp/b'")
+
+	// rename missing target → error
+	in.TargetPath = ""
+	if _, err := h.buildFileCommand(in); err != errFileOpRenameNeedsBothPaths {
+		t.Errorf("rename empty target: want errFileOpRenameNeedsBothPaths, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// write
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "write"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/w.txt"
+	in.Content = "hello 世界"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	b64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("hello 世界"))
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "echo '"+b64+"'", "| base64 -d", "> '/tmp/w.txt'")
+
+	// upload
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "upload"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/bin"
+	in.Content = "YWJjZA==" // base64 of "abcd"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "echo 'YWJjZA=='", "| base64 -d", "> '/tmp/bin'")
+
+	// upload oversized content → error
+	in.Content = strings.Repeat("A", 513*1024)
+	if _, err := h.buildFileCommand(in); err != errFileOpUploadTooLarge {
+		t.Errorf("upload too large: want errFileOpUploadTooLarge, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// upload_chunk with chunk_index=0 uses single redirect
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "upload_chunk"
+	in.Path = "/tmp/bin"
+	in.Content = "YWJj"
+	in.ChunkIndex = 0
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "base64 -d > '/tmp/bin'")
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, ">>")
+
+	// upload_chunk with chunk_index>0 uses append redirect
+	in.ChunkIndex = 1
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "base64 -d >> '/tmp/bin'")
+
+	// unsupported action
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "nope"
+	if _, err := h.buildFileCommand(in); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported action") {
+		t.Errorf("unknown action: want unsupported action error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBuildFileCommand_WindowsBranch 覆盖 Windows 目标下每个 action 产出的命令
+func TestBuildFileCommand_WindowsBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestWebShellHandler()
+	base := fileCommandInput{OS: "windows", ShellType: "php"}
+
+	mustContain := func(t *testing.T, cmd string, substrings ...string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		for _, s := range substrings {
+			if !strings.Contains(cmd, s) {
+				t.Errorf("expected command to contain %q, got: %s", s, cmd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	mustNotContain := func(t *testing.T, cmd string, substrings ...string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		for _, s := range substrings {
+			if strings.Contains(cmd, s) {
+				t.Errorf("command should not contain %q, got: %s", s, cmd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// list
+	in := base
+	in.Action = "list"
+	cmd, _ := h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "dir /a ", `"."`)
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, "ls -la")
+
+	in.Path = `C:\Users\Public Docs`
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "dir /a ", `"C:\Users\Public Docs"`)
+
+	// read
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "read"
+	in.Path = `C:\flag.txt`
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "type ", `"C:\flag.txt"`)
+
+	// delete
+	in.Action = "delete"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "del /q /f ", `"C:\flag.txt"`)
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, "rm -f")
+
+	// mkdir
+	in.Action = "mkdir"
+	in.Path = `C:\a\b\c`
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "md ", `"C:\a\b\c"`)
+
+	// rename
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "rename"
+	in.Path = `C:\a.txt`
+	in.TargetPath = `C:\b.txt`
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "move /y ", `"C:\a.txt"`, `"C:\b.txt"`)
+
+	// write → PowerShell base64 one-liner
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "write"
+	in.Path = `C:\out.txt`
+	in.Content = "hello 世界"
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	wantB64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("hello 世界"))
+	mustContain(t, cmd,
+		"powershell -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command",
+		"[Convert]::FromBase64String('"+wantB64+"')",
+		"[IO.File]::WriteAllBytes('C:\\out.txt'",
+	)
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, "echo ", "base64 -d")
+
+	// upload (chunk_index=0 equivalent) uses WriteAllBytes
+	in = base
+	in.Action = "upload"
+	in.Path = `C:\bin\f`
+	in.Content = "YWJjZA=="
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "WriteAllBytes('C:\\bin\\f'", "FromBase64String('YWJjZA==')")
+
+	// upload_chunk index=0 → WriteAllBytes
+	in.Action = "upload_chunk"
+	in.ChunkIndex = 0
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "WriteAllBytes(")
+	mustNotContain(t, cmd, "FileMode]::Append")
+
+	// upload_chunk index>0 → append (Open with Append mode)
+	in.ChunkIndex = 1
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(in)
+	mustContain(t, cmd, "[IO.FileMode]::Append", "FromBase64String('YWJjZA==')")
+}
+
+// TestBuildFileCommand_AutoFallbackMatchesLegacyBehavior 确保 os=auto 时与旧版 shellType 判定行为完全一致
+// asp/aspx 视为 Windows（旧行为），其他视为 Linux。
+func TestBuildFileCommand_AutoFallbackMatchesLegacyBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestWebShellHandler()
+
+	// asp + auto → windows 命令
+	cmd, _ := h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{Action: "list", OS: "auto", ShellType: "asp"})
+	if !strings.Contains(cmd, "dir /a") {
+		t.Errorf("auto + asp should use Windows cmd, got: %s", cmd)
+	}
+
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{Action: "list", OS: "auto", ShellType: "aspx"})
+	if !strings.Contains(cmd, "dir /a") {
+		t.Errorf("auto + aspx should use Windows cmd, got: %s", cmd)
+	}
+
+	// php/jsp/custom + auto → linux 命令（与历史行为一致）
+	for _, st := range []string{"php", "jsp", "custom", ""} {
+		cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{Action: "list", OS: "auto", ShellType: st})
+		if !strings.Contains(cmd, "ls -la") {
+			t.Errorf("auto + %q should use Linux cmd, got: %s", st, cmd)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 显式 OS 覆盖 shellType
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{Action: "list", OS: "windows", ShellType: "php"})
+	if !strings.Contains(cmd, "dir /a") {
+		t.Errorf("explicit windows should override php shellType, got: %s", cmd)
+	}
+	cmd, _ = h.buildFileCommand(fileCommandInput{Action: "list", OS: "linux", ShellType: "asp"})
+	if !strings.Contains(cmd, "ls -la") {
+		t.Errorf("explicit linux should override asp shellType, got: %s", cmd)
+	}
+}

internal/handler/webshell_probe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// webshellOSProbeCommand 探活命令：利用 Windows cmd 与 POSIX shell 对 `%OS%` 展开差异进行判定。
+//   - Windows cmd：`%OS%` 被展开为 `Windows_NT`，回显 `:OSPROBE_Windows_NT:END`
+//   - POSIX sh/bash：`%OS%` 不是变量语法，作为字面量原样保留，回显 `:OSPROBE_%OS%:END`
+//
+// 一条命令即可得到明确的、互斥的信号，避免探活成本（相比发两次命令）。
+// 冒号包裹是为了避免部分 shell 输出多余空白/BOM 时字符串匹配失效。
+const webshellOSProbeCommand = "echo :OSPROBE_%OS%:END"
+
+// probeWebshellOSViaExec 通过一次命令执行的回显推断目标操作系统。
+//
+// 返回值：
+//   - "windows" / "linux"：识别成功
+//   - ""：无法判定（调用方应保留既有 fallback 逻辑）
+//
+// 入参 execFn 是一个"发命令并拿到回显"的闭包；让 HTTP 入口和 MCP 入口可以共用同一套探活逻辑
+// 而不必关心底层是如何发包的。
+func probeWebshellOSViaExec(execFn func(cmd string) (output string, ok bool)) string {
+	if execFn == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	out, ok := execFn(webshellOSProbeCommand)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return classifyWebshellOSProbeOutput(out)
+}
+
+// classifyWebshellOSProbeOutput 纯函数：根据探活命令的回显判定 OS。
+// 抽出来是为了单测可直接覆盖所有分支，无需真实 HTTP 调用。
+func classifyWebshellOSProbeOutput(out string) string {
+	if out == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	lower := strings.ToLower(out)
+
+	// Windows 强信号：cmd.exe 成功展开了 %OS% 变量
+	if strings.Contains(out, "Windows_NT") {
+		return "windows"
+	}
+	// 容错：部分老版本 Windows 可能 `%OS%` 展开为其他字样（极少见），再看 PATH/OS 等次级线索
+	if strings.Contains(lower, "microsoft windows") {
+		return "windows"
+	}
+
+	// Linux/Unix 强信号：`%OS%` 字面量被原样回显，说明 shell 不是 cmd.exe
+	if strings.Contains(out, "%OS%") {
+		return "linux"
+	}
+
+	// 次级线索：部分 webshell 在 Linux 上可能走了其他外壳（如 zsh/ash），
+	// 但它们对 `%OS%` 同样不展开；若命中 OSPROBE 头部却没拿到 %OS% 字面量，
+	// 说明回显被中途截断或过滤，保守返回空让上层 fallback。
+	return ""
+}
+
+// newHTTPExecFn 为 HTTP FileOp 路径构造"发命令取回显"的闭包，供探活复用。
+// 参数来自 HTTP 请求，复用 buildExecURL / buildExecBody 两个已有的命令编排器，
+// 确保探活包与实际文件操作包走完全一致的 webshell 协议（GET/POST、参数名、编码）。
+func (h *WebShellHandler) newHTTPExecFn(targetURL, password, shellType, method, cmdParam, encoding string) func(string) (string, bool) {
+	useGET := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(method)) == "GET"
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cmdParam) == "" {
+		cmdParam = "cmd"
+	}
+	return func(cmd string) (string, bool) {
+		var (
+			httpReq *http.Request
+			err     error
+		)
+		if useGET {
+			u := h.buildExecURL(targetURL, shellType, password, cmdParam, cmd)
+			httpReq, err = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, u, nil)
+		} else {
+			body := h.buildExecBody(shellType, password, cmdParam, cmd)
+			httpReq, err = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, targetURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+			if err == nil {
+				httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; CyberStrikeAI-WebShell/1.0)")
+		resp, err := h.client.Do(httpReq)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		raw, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return decodeWebshellOutput(raw, encoding), resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK
+	}
+}
+
+// persistDetectedOS 把探活结果回写到连接表；失败只记日志不阻断主流程。
+// 设计上故意只触发 UPDATE，不会新建记录，因此即便 connectionID 不存在也只是悄悄放弃。
+func (h *WebShellHandler) persistDetectedOS(connectionID, detected string) {
+	connectionID = strings.TrimSpace(connectionID)
+	detected = normalizeWebshellOS(detected)
+	if connectionID == "" || detected == "" || detected == "auto" {
+		return
+	}
+	conn, err := h.db.GetWebshellConnection(connectionID)
+	if err != nil || conn == nil {
+		// 不是所有调用方都能提供有效 ID（比如临时测试），这里静默返回
+		return
+	}
+	if normalizeWebshellOS(conn.OS) != "auto" {
+		// 用户已经显式选过 OS，尊重用户选择，不自动覆盖
+		return
+	}
+	conn.OS = detected
+	if err := h.db.UpdateWebshellConnection(conn); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warn("webshell 探活结果持久化失败", zap.String("id", connectionID), zap.String("os", detected), zap.Error(err))
+		return
+	}
+	h.logger.Info("webshell auto OS 探活成功并持久化", zap.String("id", connectionID), zap.String("os", detected))
+}

internal/handler/webshell_probe_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package handler
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestClassifyWebshellOSProbeOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"Windows cmd 回显完整", ":OSPROBE_Windows_NT:END\r\n", "windows"},
+		{"Windows cmd 回显带额外空行", "\r\n:OSPROBE_Windows_NT:END\r\n", "windows"},
+		{"Windows 次级线索 - ver banner", "Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19045]\r\n", "windows"},
+		{"Linux sh 字面量回显", ":OSPROBE_%OS%:END\n", "linux"},
+		{"Linux 紧凑输出（无换行）", ":OSPROBE_%OS%:END", "linux"},
+		{"空输出 - 无法判定", "", ""},
+		{"被过滤的输出 - 无法判定", "something weird", ""},
+		{"仅有 OSPROBE 前缀但被截断 - 保守返回空", ":OSPROBE_:END", ""},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := classifyWebshellOSProbeOutput(c.in); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("case %q: got %q, want %q", c.name, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeWebshellOSViaExec_SendsOneCommandOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls []string
+	fn := func(cmd string) (string, bool) {
+		calls = append(calls, cmd)
+		return ":OSPROBE_Windows_NT:END", true
+	}
+	got := probeWebshellOSViaExec(fn)
+	if got != "windows" {
+		t.Fatalf("want windows, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if len(calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("probe should issue exactly one exec call, got %d: %v", len(calls), calls)
+	}
+	if calls[0] != webshellOSProbeCommand {
+		t.Errorf("probe command mismatch: got %q", calls[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeWebshellOSViaExec_NotOkReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// HTTP 非 200 的场景：execFn 返回 ok=false，探活应放弃
+	fn := func(cmd string) (string, bool) { return "whatever", false }
+	if got := probeWebshellOSViaExec(fn); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("want empty when exec not ok, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeWebshellOSViaExec_NilSafeguard(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := probeWebshellOSViaExec(nil); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("nil execFn should return empty, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeWebshellOSViaExec_LinuxUname(t *testing.T) {
+	// 某些 webshell 对 `%OS%` 字面量也会过滤（例如安全规则），
+	// 但主要路径是"%OS% 字面量被原样回显"。这里覆盖标准 Linux 场景。
+	fn := func(cmd string) (string, bool) {
+		return ":OSPROBE_%OS%:END\n", true
+	}
+	if got := probeWebshellOSViaExec(fn); got != "linux" {
+		t.Errorf("Linux case: want linux, got %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/multiagent/eino_orchestration.go

@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ func NewPlanExecuteRoot(ctx context.Context, a *PlanExecuteRootArgs) (adk.Resuma
 		}
 		execHandlers = append(execHandlers, sumMw)
 	}
+	// 5. 孤儿 tool 消息兜底：必须挂在所有改写历史中间件（summarization/reduction/skill）之后、
+	//    telemetry 之前，保证送入 ChatModel 的消息序列 tool_call ↔ tool_result 配对完整。
+	execHandlers = append(execHandlers, newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(a.Logger, "plan_execute_executor"))
 	if teleMw := newEinoModelInputTelemetryMiddleware(a.Logger, a.ModelName, a.ConversationID, "plan_execute_executor"); teleMw != nil {
 		execHandlers = append(execHandlers, teleMw)
 	}

internal/multiagent/eino_summarize.go

@@ -130,6 +130,14 @@ func newEinoSummarizationMiddleware(
 }
 
 // summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail 在摘要消息后保留最近 assistant/tool 轨迹，避免压缩后执行链断裂。
+//
+// 关键不变量：tool_call ↔ tool_result 的 pair 必须整体保留或整体丢弃。
+// 把消息切成 round（回合）为原子单位：
+//   - user(...) 单条为一个 round；
+//   - assistant(tool_calls=[...]) 及其后连续的 role=tool 消息合成一个 round；
+//   - 其它 assistant(reply, 无 tool_calls) 单条为一个 round。
+//
+// 倒序挑 round（预算不够即放弃该 round），保证 tool 消息不会跨 round 被孤立。
 func summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	originalMessages []adk.Message,
@@ -157,80 +165,136 @@ func summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
 		return out, nil
 	}
 
-	selectedReverse := make([]adk.Message, 0, 8)
-	seen := make(map[adk.Message]struct{})
-	totalTokens := 0
-	assistantToolKept := 0
-	const minAssistantToolTrail = 4
+	rounds := splitMessagesIntoRounds(nonSystem)
+	if len(rounds) == 0 {
+		out := make([]adk.Message, 0, len(systemMsgs)+1)
+		out = append(out, systemMsgs...)
+		out = append(out, summary)
+		return out, nil
+	}
 
-	tryKeep := func(msg adk.Message) (bool, error) {
-		if msg == nil {
-			return false, nil
+	// 目标：至少保留 minRounds 个 round 的执行轨迹；在预算允许时尽量多保留。
+	// 优先确保最后一个 round（通常是最新的 tool 往返或 assistant 回复）存在。
+	const minRounds = 2
+
+	selectedRoundsReverse := make([]messageRound, 0, 8)
+	selectedCount := 0
+	totalTokens := 0
+
+	tokensOfRound := func(r messageRound) (int, error) {
+		if len(r.messages) == 0 {
+			return 0, nil
 		}
-		if _, ok := seen[msg]; ok {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		n, err := tokenCounter(ctx, &summarization.TokenCounterInput{Messages: []adk.Message{msg}})
+		n, err := tokenCounter(ctx, &summarization.TokenCounterInput{Messages: r.messages})
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
+			return 0, err
 		}
 		if n <= 0 {
-			n = 1
+			n = len(r.messages)
 		}
+		return n, nil
+	}
+
+	for i := len(rounds) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		r := rounds[i]
+		n, err := tokensOfRound(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// 预算不够：已经保留了足够 round 则停，否则跳过该 round 继续往前找
+		// （避免一个超大 round 挤占全部预算，至少保证有轨迹）。
 		if totalTokens+n > recentTrailTokenBudget {
-			return false, nil
+			if selectedCount >= minRounds {
+				break
+			}
+			continue
 		}
 		totalTokens += n
-		selectedReverse = append(selectedReverse, msg)
-		seen[msg] = struct{}{}
-		return true, nil
+		selectedRoundsReverse = append(selectedRoundsReverse, r)
+		selectedCount++
 	}
 
-	// 优先保留最近 assistant/tool，确保执行轨迹可续跑。
-	for i := len(nonSystem) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		msg := nonSystem[i]
-		if msg.Role != schema.Assistant && msg.Role != schema.Tool {
-			continue
-		}
-		ok, err := tryKeep(msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if ok {
-			assistantToolKept++
-		}
-		if assistantToolKept >= minAssistantToolTrail {
-			break
-		}
+	// 还原时间顺序
+	selectedMsgs := make([]adk.Message, 0, 8)
+	for i := len(selectedRoundsReverse) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		selectedMsgs = append(selectedMsgs, selectedRoundsReverse[i].messages...)
 	}
 
-	// 在预算内回填更多最近消息，保持短链路上下文。
-	for i := len(nonSystem) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		_, exists := seen[nonSystem[i]]
-		if exists {
-			continue
-		}
-		ok, err := tryKeep(nonSystem[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	selected := make([]adk.Message, 0, len(selectedReverse))
-	for i := len(selectedReverse) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		selected = append(selected, selectedReverse[i])
-	}
-
-	out := make([]adk.Message, 0, len(systemMsgs)+1+len(selected))
+	out := make([]adk.Message, 0, len(systemMsgs)+1+len(selectedMsgs))
 	out = append(out, systemMsgs...)
 	out = append(out, summary)
-	out = append(out, selected...)
+	out = append(out, selectedMsgs...)
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// messageRound 表示一个"不可分割"的消息回合。
+//   - 对 assistant(tool_calls) + 随后若干 tool 消息的组合，round 内全部 call_id 成对完整；
+//   - 对独立的 user / assistant(reply) 消息，round 仅包含该条消息。
+type messageRound struct {
+	messages []adk.Message
+}
+
+// splitMessagesIntoRounds 将非 system 消息切分为若干 round，保证：
+//   - 每个 assistant(tool_calls) 与其对应的 role=tool 响应消息在同一个 round；
+//   - 孤立（无对应 assistant(tool_calls)）的 role=tool 消息不会单独成为 round，
+//     而是被丢弃（这些消息在 pair 完整性层面已属孤儿，保留反而会触发 LLM 400）。
+func splitMessagesIntoRounds(msgs []adk.Message) []messageRound {
+	if len(msgs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rounds := make([]messageRound, 0, len(msgs))
+	i := 0
+	for i < len(msgs) {
+		msg := msgs[i]
+		if msg == nil {
+			i++
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case msg.Role == schema.Assistant && len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0:
+			// 收集该 assistant 提供的 call_id 集合。
+			provided := make(map[string]struct{}, len(msg.ToolCalls))
+			for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				if tc.ID != "" {
+					provided[tc.ID] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+			round := messageRound{messages: []adk.Message{msg}}
+			j := i + 1
+			for j < len(msgs) {
+				next := msgs[j]
+				if next == nil {
+					j++
+					continue
+				}
+				if next.Role != schema.Tool {
+					break
+				}
+				if next.ToolCallID != "" {
+					if _, ok := provided[next.ToolCallID]; !ok {
+						// 下一条 tool 不属于当前 assistant，认为当前 round 结束。
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				round.messages = append(round.messages, next)
+				j++
+			}
+			rounds = append(rounds, round)
+			i = j
+		case msg.Role == schema.Tool:
+			// 孤儿 tool 消息：既不跟随在一个 assistant(tool_calls) 后，
+			// 说明它对应的 assistant 已被上游裁剪；直接丢弃，下一步到 orphan pruner
+			// 兜底也不会出错，但在 round 切分这里就剔除更干净。
+			i++
+		default:
+			// user / assistant(reply) / 其它：单条成 round。
+			rounds = append(rounds, messageRound{messages: []adk.Message{msg}})
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+	return rounds
+}
+
 func einoSummarizationTokenCounter(openAIModel string) summarization.TokenCounterFunc {
 	tc := agent.NewTikTokenCounter()
 	return func(ctx context.Context, input *summarization.TokenCounterInput) (int, error) {

internal/multiagent/eino_summarize_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+package multiagent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/adk"
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/adk/middlewares/summarization"
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/schema"
+)
+
+// fixedTokenCounter 让 tool 消息按 tokensPerToolMessage 计，其它消息按 1 计。
+// 用于验证 tool-round 超预算时整体被跳过的分支。
+func fixedTokenCounter(tokensPerToolMessage int) summarization.TokenCounterFunc {
+	return func(_ context.Context, in *summarization.TokenCounterInput) (int, error) {
+		total := 0
+		for _, msg := range in.Messages {
+			if msg == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			switch msg.Role {
+			case schema.Tool:
+				total += tokensPerToolMessage
+			default:
+				total++
+			}
+		}
+		return total, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// variableTokenCounter 让 tool 消息按 len(Content) 计（可区分不同大小的 tool 结果），
+// 其它消息按 1 计；assistant 附加 len(ToolCalls) token 近似 tool_calls schema 开销。
+func variableTokenCounter() summarization.TokenCounterFunc {
+	return func(_ context.Context, in *summarization.TokenCounterInput) (int, error) {
+		total := 0
+		for _, msg := range in.Messages {
+			if msg == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if msg.Role == schema.Tool {
+				total += len(msg.Content)
+				continue
+			}
+			total++
+			total += len(msg.ToolCalls)
+		}
+		return total, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitMessagesIntoRounds_Complex(t *testing.T) {
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		schema.UserMessage("q1"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1", "c2"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r1", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r2", "c2"),
+		schema.AssistantMessage("reply1", nil),
+		schema.UserMessage("q2"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c3"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r3", "c3"),
+	}
+	rounds := splitMessagesIntoRounds(msgs)
+	// 5 rounds: user(q1) | assistant(tc:c1,c2)+tool*2 | assistant(reply1) | user(q2) | assistant(tc:c3)+tool(c3)
+	if len(rounds) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 5 rounds, got %d", len(rounds))
+	}
+	// round 1 应为 tool-round，必须成对
+	r1 := rounds[1]
+	if len(r1.messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("rounds[1] size: want 3, got %d", len(r1.messages))
+	}
+	if r1.messages[0].Role != schema.Assistant || len(r1.messages[0].ToolCalls) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("rounds[1][0] must be assistant(tc=2)")
+	}
+	for i := 1; i < 3; i++ {
+		if r1.messages[i].Role != schema.Tool {
+			t.Fatalf("rounds[1][%d] must be tool, got %s", i, r1.messages[i].Role)
+		}
+	}
+	// 最后一个 round 成对
+	rLast := rounds[len(rounds)-1]
+	if len(rLast.messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("rounds[last] size: want 2, got %d", len(rLast.messages))
+	}
+	if rLast.messages[0].Role != schema.Assistant || rLast.messages[1].Role != schema.Tool {
+		t.Fatalf("last round must be assistant(tc)+tool(c3)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitMessagesIntoRounds_DropsOrphanTool(t *testing.T) {
+	// 起点直接是 tool 消息（孤儿）—— 应被丢弃，不独立成 round。
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		schema.ToolMessage("orphan", "c_old"),
+		schema.UserMessage("continue"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c_new"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r_new", "c_new"),
+	}
+	rounds := splitMessagesIntoRounds(msgs)
+	// user(continue) | assistant(tc:c_new)+tool(c_new) → 2 rounds
+	if len(rounds) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 rounds after dropping orphan, got %d", len(rounds))
+	}
+	for _, r := range rounds {
+		for _, m := range r.messages {
+			if m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c_old" {
+				t.Fatalf("orphan tool c_old must not appear in any round")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitMessagesIntoRounds_ToolBelongsToCurrentAssistantOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	// 两个相邻 assistant(tc)，第二个的 tool 不应被归到第一个 assistant。
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r1", "c1"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c2"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r2", "c2"),
+	}
+	rounds := splitMessagesIntoRounds(msgs)
+	if len(rounds) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 rounds, got %d", len(rounds))
+	}
+	if len(rounds[0].messages) != 2 || rounds[0].messages[0].ToolCalls[0].ID != "c1" {
+		t.Fatalf("round[0] wrong: %+v", rounds[0].messages)
+	}
+	if len(rounds[1].messages) != 2 || rounds[1].messages[0].ToolCalls[0].ID != "c2" {
+		t.Fatalf("round[1] wrong: %+v", rounds[1].messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitMessagesIntoRounds_ToolBelongsToWrongAssistant(t *testing.T) {
+	// assistant(tc:c1) 后面跟一个 tool_call_id=c999 的 tool 消息（本不属它）。
+	// 切分规则：该 tool 不应拼入第一个 round（配对不完整），round 在此结束。
+	// 而 c999 又没有对应 assistant，应被当孤儿丢弃。
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("wrong", "c999"),
+		schema.UserMessage("hi"),
+	}
+	rounds := splitMessagesIntoRounds(msgs)
+	// assistant(tc:c1) 没有对应 tool(c1)，但不是孤儿（patchtoolcalls 会兜底补）；
+	// 它独立成 round 允许上游后处理。user(hi) 独立成 round。共 2 rounds。
+	if len(rounds) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 rounds, got %d: %+v", len(rounds), rounds)
+	}
+	for _, r := range rounds {
+		for _, m := range r.messages {
+			if m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c999" {
+				t.Fatalf("wrong-owner tool must be dropped as orphan")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSummarizeFinalize_KeepsToolRoundIntact(t *testing.T) {
+	// 关键回归测试：一个 tool-round 整体被保留，而不是只保留 tool 消息。
+	sys := schema.SystemMessage("sys")
+	summary := schema.AssistantMessage("summary_content", nil)
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		sys,
+		schema.UserMessage("q1"),
+		schema.AssistantMessage("reply_before_tc", nil), // 填料，占预算
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r1", "c1"),
+	}
+
+	// token 预算：2 条消息（1 assistant + 1 tool）恰好够用。
+	// 若按条数保留，可能先吃 tool(c1) 再吃 assistant(reply) 落入 budget，assistant(tc:c1) 被挤掉，导致孤儿。
+	// 按 round 保留时，整个 tool-round 为原子，要么保留 2 条都在，要么都不在。
+	out, err := summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
+		context.Background(),
+		msgs,
+		summary,
+		fixedTokenCounter(1),
+		2, // 预算：2 tokens
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// 必须包含 system + summary
+	if len(out) < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("output too short: %d", len(out))
+	}
+	if out[0] != sys {
+		t.Fatalf("first message must be system")
+	}
+	if out[1] != summary {
+		t.Fatalf("second message must be summary")
+	}
+
+	// 关键不变量：每个被保留的 tool 消息，必须能在输出中找到提供其 ToolCallID 的 assistant(tc)。
+	assertNoOrphanTool(t, out)
+}
+
+func TestSummarizeFinalize_SkipsOversizedToolRoundButKeepsSmallerRound(t *testing.T) {
+	// 构造两个大小差异显著的 tool-round：
+	//   c_big round 的 tool 结果 content="aaaaaaaaaa"（10 bytes），round token ≈ 2 (assistant+tc) + 10 = 12
+	//   c_ok  round 的 tool 结果 content="ok"（2 bytes），round token ≈ 2 + 2 = 4
+	// 配上 budget=8，使得：
+	//   - 最新的 c_ok round（4）能放下；
+	//   - 进一步的中间 round（assistant reply + user）也能放下；
+	//   - 更早的 c_big round（12）放不下会被跳过（continue），而非 break。
+	sys := schema.SystemMessage("sys")
+	summary := schema.AssistantMessage("summary_content", nil)
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		sys,
+		schema.UserMessage("q1"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c_big"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("aaaaaaaaaa", "c_big"),
+		schema.AssistantMessage("s", nil),
+		schema.UserMessage("q2"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c_ok"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("ok", "c_ok"),
+	}
+
+	out, err := summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
+		context.Background(),
+		msgs,
+		summary,
+		variableTokenCounter(),
+		8,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertNoOrphanTool(t, out)
+
+	// c_big 整个 round 必须被丢弃（tool 和 assistant 都不能出现）
+	for _, m := range out {
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c_big" {
+			t.Fatal("oversized tool round must be skipped: tool(c_big) leaked")
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Assistant {
+			for _, tc := range m.ToolCalls {
+				if tc.ID == "c_big" {
+					t.Fatal("oversized tool round must be skipped: assistant(tc:c_big) leaked")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 最近 round (c_ok) 作为一个原子单位必须整体保留。
+	foundOKTool, foundOKAsst := false, false
+	for _, m := range out {
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c_ok" {
+			foundOKTool = true
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Assistant {
+			for _, tc := range m.ToolCalls {
+				if tc.ID == "c_ok" {
+					foundOKAsst = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundOKTool || !foundOKAsst {
+		t.Fatalf("recent tool-round (c_ok) must be retained as an atomic pair: assistantKept=%v toolKept=%v", foundOKAsst, foundOKTool)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSummarizeFinalize_BudgetZeroFallsBackToSummaryOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	sys := schema.SystemMessage("sys")
+	summary := schema.AssistantMessage("summary", nil)
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		sys,
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r1", "c1"),
+	}
+	out, err := summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
+		context.Background(),
+		msgs,
+		summary,
+		fixedTokenCounter(1),
+		0,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(out) != 2 || out[0] != sys || out[1] != summary {
+		t.Fatalf("budget=0 must yield [system, summary] only, got %+v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSummarizeFinalize_PreservesAllSystemMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	sys1 := schema.SystemMessage("sys1")
+	sys2 := schema.SystemMessage("sys2")
+	summary := schema.AssistantMessage("s", nil)
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		sys1,
+		schema.UserMessage("q"),
+		sys2, // 非典型位置，但应当被 system group 捕获
+	}
+	out, err := summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail(
+		context.Background(),
+		msgs,
+		summary,
+		fixedTokenCounter(1),
+		100,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	systemCount := 0
+	for _, m := range out {
+		if m != nil && m.Role == schema.System {
+			systemCount++
+		}
+	}
+	if systemCount != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 system messages retained, got %d", systemCount)
+	}
+}
+
+// assertNoOrphanTool 断言消息列表里的每个 role=tool 消息都能在更前面找到一个
+// assistant(tool_calls) 提供相同 ID，否则说明产生了孤儿（触发 LLM 400 的根因）。
+func assertNoOrphanTool(t *testing.T, msgs []adk.Message) {
+	t.Helper()
+	provided := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Assistant {
+			for _, tc := range m.ToolCalls {
+				if tc.ID != "" {
+					provided[tc.ID] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID != "" {
+			if _, ok := provided[m.ToolCallID]; !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("orphan tool message found: ToolCallID=%q has no preceding assistant(tool_calls)", m.ToolCallID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/multiagent/orphan_tool_pruner_middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package multiagent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/adk"
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/schema"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+// orphanToolPrunerMiddleware 在每次 ChatModel 调用前剪掉没有对应 assistant(tool_calls) 的孤儿 tool 消息。
+//
+// 背景：
+//   - eino 的 summarization 中间件在触发摘要后，默认把所有非 system 消息替换为 1 条 summary 消息；
+//     本项目通过自定义 Finalize（summarizeFinalizeWithRecentAssistantToolTrail）在 summary 后回填
+//     最近的 assistant/tool 轨迹。若 Finalize 的保留策略按"条数"截断而未按 round 对齐，可能保留
+//     了 tool 结果却把对应的 assistant(tool_calls) 落在了 summary 前面，形成孤儿 tool 消息。
+//   - 同样，reduction / tool_search / 自定义断点恢复等任一改写历史的逻辑，都可能破坏
+//     tool_call ↔ tool_result 配对。
+//
+// 一旦孤儿 tool 消息进入 ChatModel，OpenAI 兼容 API（含 DashScope / 各类中转）会返回
+// 400 "No tool call found for function call output with call_id ..."，并被 Eino 包装成
+// [NodeRunError] 抛出，终止整轮编排。
+//
+// 设计取舍：
+//   - 官方 patchtoolcalls 中间件只补反向（assistant(tc) 缺 tool_result），不处理孤儿 tool。
+//     本中间件与之互补，专职兜底正向孤儿。
+//   - 仅剔除消息，不向历史里注入虚构 assistant(tc)：虚构 tool_calls 反而会误导模型后续推理。
+//     摘要已覆盖被裁剪段的语义，丢一条原始 tool 结果对对话连贯性影响最小。
+//   - 位置建议：挂在所有可能改写历史的中间件（summarization / reduction / skill / plantask /
+//     tool_search）之后，靠近 ChatModel 调用的那一端。
+type orphanToolPrunerMiddleware struct {
+	adk.BaseChatModelAgentMiddleware
+	logger *zap.Logger
+	phase  string
+}
+
+// newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware 构造中间件。phase 仅用于日志区分 deep / supervisor /
+// plan_execute_executor / sub_agent，不影响运行时行为。
+func newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(logger *zap.Logger, phase string) adk.ChatModelAgentMiddleware {
+	return &orphanToolPrunerMiddleware{
+		logger: logger,
+		phase:  phase,
+	}
+}
+
+// BeforeModelRewriteState 扫描消息列表，收集 assistant.tool_calls 提供的 call_id 集合，
+// 再剔除掉 ToolCallID 不在该集合中的 role=tool 消息。
+//
+// 复杂度：O(N)。当未发现孤儿时不产生任何分配，state 原样返回以便上游快路径。
+func (m *orphanToolPrunerMiddleware) BeforeModelRewriteState(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	state *adk.ChatModelAgentState,
+	mc *adk.ModelContext,
+) (context.Context, *adk.ChatModelAgentState, error) {
+	_ = mc
+	if m == nil || state == nil || len(state.Messages) == 0 {
+		return ctx, state, nil
+	}
+
+	// 第一遍：收集所有已提供的 tool_call_id；同时快路径判定是否真的存在孤儿。
+	provided := make(map[string]struct{}, 8)
+	for _, msg := range state.Messages {
+		if msg == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if msg.Role == schema.Assistant {
+			for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				if tc.ID != "" {
+					provided[tc.ID] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	hasOrphan := false
+	for _, msg := range state.Messages {
+		if msg == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if msg.Role == schema.Tool && msg.ToolCallID != "" {
+			if _, ok := provided[msg.ToolCallID]; !ok {
+				hasOrphan = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasOrphan {
+		return ctx, state, nil
+	}
+
+	// 第二遍：生成剪除孤儿后的新消息列表。
+	pruned := make([]adk.Message, 0, len(state.Messages))
+	droppedIDs := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	droppedNames := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	for _, msg := range state.Messages {
+		if msg == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if msg.Role == schema.Tool && msg.ToolCallID != "" {
+			if _, ok := provided[msg.ToolCallID]; !ok {
+				droppedIDs = append(droppedIDs, msg.ToolCallID)
+				droppedNames = append(droppedNames, msg.ToolName)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		pruned = append(pruned, msg)
+	}
+
+	if m.logger != nil {
+		m.logger.Warn("eino orphan tool messages pruned before model call",
+			zap.String("phase", m.phase),
+			zap.Int("dropped_count", len(droppedIDs)),
+			zap.Strings("dropped_tool_call_ids", droppedIDs),
+			zap.Strings("dropped_tool_names", droppedNames),
+			zap.Int("messages_before", len(state.Messages)),
+			zap.Int("messages_after", len(pruned)),
+		)
+	}
+
+	ns := *state
+	ns.Messages = pruned
+	return ctx, &ns, nil
+}

internal/multiagent/orphan_tool_pruner_middleware_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package multiagent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/adk"
+	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/schema"
+)
+
+func assistantToolCallsMsg(content string, callIDs ...string) *schema.Message {
+	tcs := make([]schema.ToolCall, 0, len(callIDs))
+	for _, id := range callIDs {
+		tcs = append(tcs, schema.ToolCall{
+			ID:   id,
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: schema.FunctionCall{
+				Name:      "stub_tool",
+				Arguments: `{}`,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	return schema.AssistantMessage(content, tcs)
+}
+
+func TestOrphanToolPruner_NoOpWhenPaired(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(nil, "test").(*orphanToolPrunerMiddleware)
+
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		schema.SystemMessage("sys"),
+		schema.UserMessage("hi"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c1", "c2"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r1", "c1"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r2", "c2"),
+		schema.AssistantMessage("done", nil),
+	}
+	in := &adk.ChatModelAgentState{Messages: msgs}
+
+	_, out, err := mw.BeforeModelRewriteState(context.Background(), in, &adk.ModelContext{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if out == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil state")
+	}
+	if len(out.Messages) != len(msgs) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d messages kept, got %d", len(msgs), len(out.Messages))
+	}
+	// 快路径：未发现孤儿时必须原地返回 state，不分配新切片。
+	if &out.Messages[0] != &msgs[0] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected state to be returned as-is (same backing slice) when no orphan present")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOrphanToolPruner_DropsOrphanToolMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(nil, "test").(*orphanToolPrunerMiddleware)
+
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		schema.SystemMessage("sys"),
+		// 摘要前的 assistant(tc: c_old) 已被裁剪，但对应的 tool 结果漏保留了。
+		schema.ToolMessage("orphan result", "c_old"),
+		schema.UserMessage("continue"),
+		assistantToolCallsMsg("", "c_new"),
+		schema.ToolMessage("r_new", "c_new"),
+	}
+	in := &adk.ChatModelAgentState{Messages: msgs}
+
+	_, out, err := mw.BeforeModelRewriteState(context.Background(), in, &adk.ModelContext{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if out == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil state")
+	}
+	if len(out.Messages) != len(msgs)-1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d messages after pruning, got %d", len(msgs)-1, len(out.Messages))
+	}
+	for _, m := range out.Messages {
+		if m != nil && m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c_old" {
+			t.Fatalf("orphan tool message with ToolCallID=c_old should have been dropped")
+		}
+	}
+	// 合法的 tool(c_new) 必须保留。
+	foundNew := false
+	for _, m := range out.Messages {
+		if m != nil && m.Role == schema.Tool && m.ToolCallID == "c_new" {
+			foundNew = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundNew {
+		t.Fatal("paired tool message (c_new) must be retained")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOrphanToolPruner_EmptyToolCallIDIsIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	// 空 ToolCallID 的 tool 消息在真实场景中极罕见，但不应当被误判为孤儿。
+	// 语义上把它当作"无法校验，保留"，避免误删。
+	mw := newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(nil, "test").(*orphanToolPrunerMiddleware)
+
+	odd := schema.ToolMessage("no_id", "")
+	msgs := []adk.Message{
+		schema.UserMessage("hi"),
+		odd,
+		schema.AssistantMessage("ok", nil),
+	}
+	in := &adk.ChatModelAgentState{Messages: msgs}
+
+	_, out, err := mw.BeforeModelRewriteState(context.Background(), in, &adk.ModelContext{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(out.Messages) != len(msgs) {
+		t.Fatalf("empty ToolCallID tool message should be kept, got %d messages", len(out.Messages))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOrphanToolPruner_NilAndEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(nil, "test").(*orphanToolPrunerMiddleware)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	// nil state
+	if _, out, err := mw.BeforeModelRewriteState(ctx, nil, &adk.ModelContext{}); err != nil || out != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil state: expected (nil,nil), got (%v,%v)", out, err)
+	}
+	// empty messages
+	empty := &adk.ChatModelAgentState{}
+	if _, out, err := mw.BeforeModelRewriteState(ctx, empty, &adk.ModelContext{}); err != nil || out != empty {
+		t.Fatalf("empty messages: expected same state, got (%v,%v)", out, err)
+	}
+}

internal/multiagent/runner.go

@@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ func RunDeepAgent(
 				subHandlers = append(subHandlers, einoSkillMW)
 			}
 			subHandlers = append(subHandlers, subSumMw)
+			// 孤儿 tool 消息兜底：放在 summarization 之后，telemetry 之前，
+			// 以便 telemetry 记录的 token 数与 LLM 实际入参一致。
+			subHandlers = append(subHandlers, newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(logger, "sub_agent:"+id))
 			if teleMw := newEinoModelInputTelemetryMiddleware(logger, appCfg.OpenAI.Model, conversationID, "sub_agent"); teleMw != nil {
 				subHandlers = append(subHandlers, teleMw)
 			}
@@ -393,6 +396,7 @@ func RunDeepAgent(
 		deepHandlers = append(deepHandlers, einoSkillMW)
 	}
 	deepHandlers = append(deepHandlers, mainSumMw)
+	deepHandlers = append(deepHandlers, newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(logger, "deep_orchestrator"))
 	if teleMw := newEinoModelInputTelemetryMiddleware(logger, appCfg.OpenAI.Model, conversationID, "deep_orchestrator"); teleMw != nil {
 		deepHandlers = append(deepHandlers, teleMw)
 	}
@@ -405,6 +409,7 @@ func RunDeepAgent(
 		supHandlers = append(supHandlers, einoSkillMW)
 	}
 	supHandlers = append(supHandlers, mainSumMw)
+	supHandlers = append(supHandlers, newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(logger, "supervisor_orchestrator"))
 	if teleMw := newEinoModelInputTelemetryMiddleware(logger, appCfg.OpenAI.Model, conversationID, "supervisor_orchestrator"); teleMw != nil {
 		supHandlers = append(supHandlers, teleMw)
 	}
@@ -455,6 +460,8 @@ func RunDeepAgent(
 			FilesystemMiddleware: peFsMw,
 			PlannerReplannerRewriteHandlers: []adk.ChatModelAgentMiddleware{
 				mainSumMw,
+				// 孤儿 tool 消息兜底：必须挂在 summarization 之后、telemetry 之前。
+				newOrphanToolPrunerMiddleware(logger, "plan_execute_planner_replanner"),
 				newEinoModelInputTelemetryMiddleware(logger, appCfg.OpenAI.Model, conversationID, "plan_execute_planner_replanner_rewrite"),
 			},
 		})

web/static/i18n/en-US.json

@@ -95,6 +95,15 @@
     "severityLow": "Low",
     "severityInfo": "Info",
     "totalVulns": "Total vulnerabilities",
+    "riskLevel": "Risk level",
+    "riskScore": "Weighted risk score",
+    "riskSafe": "Safe",
+    "riskLow": "Low",
+    "riskMedium": "Medium",
+    "riskHigh": "High",
+    "riskSevere": "Severe",
+    "latestFound": "Latest found",
+    "noneYet": "None yet",
     "runOverview": "Run overview",
     "batchQueues": "Batch task queues",
     "pending": "Pending",
@@ -125,7 +134,7 @@
     "lastUpdated": "Last updated",
     "viewAll": "View all →",
     "recentVulns": "Recent vulnerabilities",
-    "noVulnYet": "No vulnerabilities yet — start your first scan",
+    "noVulnYet": "No recent vulnerabilities",
     "capabilities": "Capabilities",
     "mcpTools": "MCP tools",
     "rolesLabel": "Roles",
@@ -184,7 +193,7 @@
     "recoCheckMonitorDesc": "View failed request details in MCP monitor",
     "recoSetupMcp": "Configure your first MCP tool",
     "recoSetupMcpDesc": "Install MCP server before Agent can invoke specific capabilities",
-    "recoStartScan": "Start your first scan",
+    "recoStartScan": "Start a scan from chat",
     "recoStartScanDesc": "Describe your target in chat, AI will help execute",
     "recentEvents": "Recent Events",
     "eventUntitled": "Event",
@@ -193,7 +202,7 @@
     "mcpPartialDown_one": "{{count}} stopped",
     "mcpPartialDown_other": "{{count}} stopped",
     "mcpAllDown": "All stopped",
-    "noVulnDesc": "System looks safe — start a scan to discover potential issues",
+    "noVulnDesc": "This list shows recent records; new results appear here when detection completes in chat",
     "startScanBtn": "Go to chat to scan"
   },
   "chat": {
@@ -546,6 +555,17 @@
     "typeCustom": "Custom",
     "cmdParam": "Command parameter name",
     "cmdParamPlaceholder": "Leave empty for cmd; e.g. xxx for xxx=command",
+    "encoding": "Response encoding",
+    "encodingAuto": "Auto detect",
+    "encodingUtf8": "UTF-8",
+    "encodingGbk": "GBK (Simplified Chinese Windows)",
+    "encodingGb18030": "GB18030",
+    "encodingHint": "Switch to GBK or GB18030 if the Simplified Chinese Windows target shows garbled output.",
+    "os": "Target OS",
+    "osAuto": "Auto (infer from Shell type)",
+    "osLinux": "Linux / Unix",
+    "osWindows": "Windows",
+    "osHint": "Determines whether file manager / uploads use Linux or Windows commands. Choose Windows for PHP/JSP hosted on Windows.",
     "remark": "Remark",
     "remarkPlaceholder": "Friendly name for this connection",
     "deleteConfirm": "Delete this connection?",

web/static/i18n/zh-CN.json

@@ -95,6 +95,15 @@
     "severityLow": "低危",
     "severityInfo": "信息",
     "totalVulns": "总漏洞数",
+    "riskLevel": "风险等级",
+    "riskScore": "加权风险分",
+    "riskSafe": "安全",
+    "riskLow": "低",
+    "riskMedium": "中",
+    "riskHigh": "高",
+    "riskSevere": "极高",
+    "latestFound": "最近发现",
+    "noneYet": "暂无",
     "runOverview": "运行概览",
     "batchQueues": "批量任务队列",
     "pending": "待执行",
@@ -125,7 +134,7 @@
     "lastUpdated": "上次更新",
     "viewAll": "查看全部 →",
     "recentVulns": "最近漏洞",
-    "noVulnYet": "暂无漏洞，开始你的第一次扫描吧",
+    "noVulnYet": "暂无最近漏洞",
     "capabilities": "能力总览",
     "mcpTools": "MCP 工具",
     "rolesLabel": "角色",
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@
     "recoCheckMonitorDesc": "在 MCP 监控中查看失败的请求详情",
     "recoSetupMcp": "配置首个 MCP 工具",
     "recoSetupMcpDesc": "安装 MCP 服务后 Agent 才能调用具体能力",
-    "recoStartScan": "开始第一次扫描",
+    "recoStartScan": "在对话中发起扫描",
     "recoStartScanDesc": "在对话中描述目标，让 AI 协助执行",
     "recentEvents": "最近事件",
     "eventUntitled": "事件",
@@ -182,7 +191,7 @@
     "mcpAllRunning": "全部运行",
     "mcpPartialDown": "{{count}} 个未运行",
     "mcpAllDown": "全部未运行",
-    "noVulnDesc": "系统目前安全，开始一次扫描可以发现潜在问题",
+    "noVulnDesc": "此处展示近期漏洞记录；在对话中完成检测后，新结果会出现在这里",
     "startScanBtn": "前往对话发起扫描"
   },
   "chat": {
@@ -535,6 +544,17 @@
     "typeCustom": "自定义",
     "cmdParam": "命令参数名",
     "cmdParamPlaceholder": "不填默认为 cmd，如填 xxx 则请求为 xxx=命令",
+    "encoding": "响应编码",
+    "encodingAuto": "自动检测",
+    "encodingUtf8": "UTF-8",
+    "encodingGbk": "GBK（中文 Windows）",
+    "encodingGb18030": "GB18030",
+    "encodingHint": "中文 Windows 目标若出现乱码，请切换为 GBK 或 GB18030",
+    "os": "目标系统",
+    "osAuto": "自动（按 Shell 类型推断）",
+    "osLinux": "Linux / Unix",
+    "osWindows": "Windows",
+    "osHint": "决定文件管理/上传使用 Linux 还是 Windows 命令；PHP/JSP 跑在 Windows 上请选 Windows",
     "remark": "备注",
     "remarkPlaceholder": "便于识别的备注名",
     "deleteConfirm": "确定要删除该连接吗？",

web/static/js/dashboard.js

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
         if (severityTotalEl) severityTotalEl.textContent = '0';
         renderSeverityDonut({}, 0);
         renderVulnStatusPanel(null, 0);
+        renderSeverityInsights(null, 0, null);
         setDashboardOverviewPlaceholder('…');
         setEl('dashboard-kpi-tools-calls', '…');
         setEl('dashboard-kpi-success-rate', '…');
@@ -91,15 +92,16 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
 
     try {
         // /api/vulnerabilities/stats 只给出 by_severity 与 by_status 两个独立维度，
-        // 无法得到「严重 × 待处理」的交叉计数。这里额外拉两次（limit=1，仅取 total），
-        // 用真实的「待处理严重 / 待处理高危」数量驱动告警条与 KPI 副标，避免修复后仍报警。
+        // 无法得到「严重 × 待处理」的交叉计数。这里按四档各拉一次（limit=1，仅取 total），
+        // 用真实的「待处理 × 各严重度」数量驱动告警条 / KPI 副标 / 风险概览卡的加权分，
+        // 避免「全部修复后风险等级仍显示极高」这类语义冲突。
         var openVulnQuery = function (sev) {
             return fetchJson('/api/vulnerabilities?severity=' + sev + '&status=open&limit=1');
         };
         const [
             tasksRes, vulnRes, batchRes, monitorRes, knowledgeRes, skillsRes,
             recentVulnsRes, rolesRes, agentsRes,
-            openCriticalRes, openHighRes, toolsConfigRes,
+            openCriticalRes, openHighRes, openMediumRes, openLowRes, toolsConfigRes,
             hitlPendingRes, notificationsRes, externalMcpStatsRes,
             webshellRes
         ] = await Promise.all([
@@ -114,6 +116,9 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
             fetchJson('/api/multi-agent/markdown-agents'),
             openVulnQuery('critical'),
             openVulnQuery('high'),
+            // 中/低危的「待处理」计数：用于风险概览卡的加权风险分，使其反映"当前未处理风险"
+            openVulnQuery('medium'),
+            openVulnQuery('low'),
             // 拉取 MCP 工具的「配置总数」用于「能力总览」（区别于 monitor/stats 的「有调用记录」）。
             // 仅取 total 字段，page_size=1 减少传输；total 已涵盖内部 + 外部 MCP + 直接注册的工具。
             fetchJson('/api/config/tools?page=1&page_size=1'),
@@ -173,17 +178,25 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
 
         let criticalCount = 0;
         let highCount = 0;
+        let mediumCount = 0;
+        let lowCount = 0;
         let openCriticalCount = 0;
         let openHighCount = 0;
+        let openMediumCount = 0;
+        let openLowCount = 0;
         if (vulnRes && typeof vulnRes.total === 'number') {
             if (vulnTotalEl) vulnTotalEl.textContent = String(vulnRes.total);
             const bySeverity = vulnRes.by_severity || {};
             const total = vulnRes.total || 0;
             criticalCount = bySeverity.critical || 0;
             highCount = bySeverity.high || 0;
+            mediumCount = bySeverity.medium || 0;
+            lowCount = bySeverity.low || 0;
             // 优先用专门拉的「待处理」计数；若专项接口失败，则退回 by_severity（宁可误报，不可漏报）
             openCriticalCount = pickOpenCount(openCriticalRes, criticalCount);
             openHighCount = pickOpenCount(openHighRes, highCount);
+            openMediumCount = pickOpenCount(openMediumRes, mediumCount);
+            openLowCount = pickOpenCount(openLowRes, lowCount);
             if (severityTotalEl) severityTotalEl.textContent = String(total);
             severityIds.forEach(sev => {
                 const count = bySeverity[sev] || 0;
@@ -197,6 +210,11 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
             });
             renderSeverityDonut(bySeverity, total);
             renderVulnStatusPanel(vulnRes.by_status || {}, total);
+            renderSeverityInsights(
+                { critical: openCriticalCount, high: openHighCount, medium: openMediumCount, low: openLowCount },
+                openCriticalCount + openHighCount + openMediumCount + openLowCount,
+                recentVulnsRes
+            );
 
             // 漏洞 KPI 副标：徽章/文案均使用「待处理」口径
             const critBadge = document.getElementById('dashboard-kpi-vuln-critical-badge');
@@ -225,6 +243,7 @@ async function refreshDashboard() {
             });
             renderSeverityDonut({}, 0);
             renderVulnStatusPanel(null, 0);
+            renderSeverityInsights(null, 0, null);
             hideEl('dashboard-kpi-vuln-critical-badge');
             setKpiSubText('dashboard-kpi-vuln-sub-text', '-');
         }
@@ -505,10 +524,34 @@ function setKpiRateBadge(id, rate, failedCount) {
     }
 }
 
+// sessionStorage：告警条「×」忽略记录 + 最近一次**实际展示过**的 reason 片段（不含 level），
+// 用于在「问题从多变少」（如审完 HITL 后只剩严重漏洞）时，避免误用更早对「仅子集」的忽略。
+var DASH_SESSION_ALERT_DISMISSED = 'dashboard.dismissedAlert';
+var DASH_SESSION_ALERT_LAST_REASONS = 'dashboard.alertLastReasons';
+
+function dashboardAlertReasonKeySetFromJoined(s) {
+    if (!s || typeof s !== 'string') return new Set();
+    return new Set(s.split(',').map(function (x) { return x.trim(); }).filter(Boolean));
+}
+
+/** 当前 reason 片段相对上次展示的片段是否为真子集（用于清除过时的忽略） */
+function dashboardAlertCurrentIsStrictSubsetOfLastShown(currentReasonJoined, lastReasonJoined) {
+    var cur = dashboardAlertReasonKeySetFromJoined(currentReasonJoined);
+    var last = dashboardAlertReasonKeySetFromJoined(lastReasonJoined);
+    if (cur.size === 0 || last.size === 0) return false;
+    if (cur.size >= last.size) return false;
+    var ok = true;
+    cur.forEach(function (k) {
+        if (!last.has(k)) ok = false;
+    });
+    return ok;
+}
+
 // 关键提醒条：根据严重情况渲染或隐藏。
 //   - level: danger（红） > warning（橙） > info（蓝），按 reasons 自动取最高级
 //   - 用户点 × 后，把当前 reasons 指纹存入 sessionStorage，本会话内再出现完全相同的内容会自动跳过
 //   - 当 reasons 集合发生变化（如又新增一类问题），指纹失效，banner 重新弹出，避免「忽略后永远不再提醒」
+//   - 若曾展示过「更多类问题」的组合，之后仅部分问题消失，即使指纹与早年忽略相同，也会清除忽略并继续提醒（见 dashboard.alertLastReasons）
 function renderDashboardAlertBanner(stats) {
     const banner = document.getElementById('dashboard-alert-banner');
     const titleEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-alert-title');
@@ -552,15 +595,28 @@ function renderDashboardAlertBanner(stats) {
         banner.hidden = true;
         banner.classList.remove('is-warning', 'is-danger', 'is-info');
         dashboardState.dismissedAlertKey = null;
+        try { sessionStorage.removeItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_LAST_REASONS); } catch (_) {}
         return;
     }
 
     var fingerprint = level + '|' + reasonKeys.join(',');
+    var reasonPartJoined = reasonKeys.join(',');
+
+    // 检查是否被本会话忽略过同样的内容；若当前仅为「上次曾展示组合」的真子集，则清除忽略（最佳实践：部分处置后仍提醒剩余项）
+    var dismissed = null;
+    try { dismissed = sessionStorage.getItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_DISMISSED); } catch (_) {}
+    var lastShownReasons = '';
+    try { lastShownReasons = sessionStorage.getItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_LAST_REASONS) || ''; } catch (_) {}
+
+    if (dismissed === fingerprint && dashboardAlertCurrentIsStrictSubsetOfLastShown(reasonPartJoined, lastShownReasons)) {
+        try {
+            sessionStorage.removeItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_DISMISSED);
+            dismissed = null;
+        } catch (_) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+
     dashboardState.dismissedAlertKey = fingerprint;
 
-    // 检查是否被本会话忽略过同样的内容
-    var dismissed = null;
-    try { dismissed = sessionStorage.getItem('dashboard.dismissedAlert'); } catch (_) {}
     if (dismissed === fingerprint) {
         banner.hidden = true;
         return;
@@ -609,6 +665,8 @@ function renderDashboardAlertBanner(stats) {
         btn.onclick = function () { try { switchPage('mcp-management'); } catch (e) {} };
         actsEl.appendChild(btn);
     }
+
+    try { sessionStorage.setItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_LAST_REASONS, reasonPartJoined); } catch (_) {}
 }
 
 // External MCP 健康度：从 /api/external-mcp/stats 解析出 running / total / down，
@@ -662,8 +720,8 @@ function getHitlPendingCount(res) {
 
 // 「最近事件」内联展示：取通知摘要里最重要的前 N 条
 // 设计原则：
-//   - 不重复 alert banner / KPI 已经表达过的信息（漏洞、HITL 等会被过滤掉避免冗余）
-//   - 只显示 p0/p1 优先级，p2 作为兜底（当 p0/p1 不够时）
+//   - 不重复 alert banner / KPI 已表达的「新漏洞」通知（vulnerability_created 仍过滤）
+//   - HITL 待审批在推荐操作等处也会提示，但仍在此展示时间线，便于与任务完成等并列查看
 //   - 整个 section 在没有可显示内容时整个隐藏，避免空模块占地方
 function renderRecentEvents(notifRes) {
     var section = document.getElementById('dashboard-section-events');
@@ -671,8 +729,8 @@ function renderRecentEvents(notifRes) {
     if (!section || !listEl) return;
 
     var items = (notifRes && Array.isArray(notifRes.items)) ? notifRes.items : [];
-    // 过滤：只看有意义的事件，去掉 actionable 已处理的、以及类型已经在仪表盘其他位置覆盖的
-    var coveredTypes = { 'vulnerability_created': true, 'hitl_pending': true };
+    // 过滤：去掉新漏洞类型（与「最近漏洞」等板块避免重复）；HITL 不再过滤
+    var coveredTypes = { 'vulnerability_created': true };
     var filtered = items.filter(function (it) {
         if (!it || !it.type) return false;
         if (coveredTypes[it.type]) return false;
@@ -685,8 +743,8 @@ function renderRecentEvents(notifRes) {
         var la = levelOrder[a.level] != null ? levelOrder[a.level] : 9;
         var lb = levelOrder[b.level] != null ? levelOrder[b.level] : 9;
         if (la !== lb) return la - lb;
-        var ta = a.createdAt || a.created_at || 0;
-        var tb = b.createdAt || b.created_at || 0;
+        var ta = a.ts || a.createdAt || a.created_at || 0;
+        var tb = b.ts || b.createdAt || b.created_at || 0;
         return new Date(tb).getTime() - new Date(ta).getTime();
     });
 
@@ -701,8 +759,9 @@ function renderRecentEvents(notifRes) {
     listEl.innerHTML = top.map(function (it) {
         var level = it.level || 'p2';
         var title = esc(it.title || it.message || dt('dashboard.eventUntitled', null, '事件'));
-        var msg = esc(it.message || it.summary || '');
-        var when = esc(timeAgoStr(it.createdAt || it.created_at));
+        var msg = esc(it.message || it.summary || it.desc || '');
+        var whenRaw = timeAgoStr(it.ts || it.createdAt || it.created_at);
+        var when = esc(whenRaw || '—');
         return (
             '<div class="dashboard-event-item lvl-' + esc(level) + '">' +
             '<span class="dashboard-event-dot" aria-hidden="true"></span>' +
@@ -730,7 +789,7 @@ function renderRecommendedActions(state) {
     if (state.openCriticalCount > 0) {
         actions.push({
             level: 'urgent',
-            icon: '<svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z"/><line x1="12" y1="9" x2="12" y2="13"/><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12.01" y2="17"/></svg>',
+            icon: '<svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z"/><line x1="12" y1="9" x2="12" y2="13"/><circle cx="12" cy="17" r="1" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"/></svg>',
             title: dt('dashboard.recoFixCritical', { count: state.openCriticalCount },
                 '修复 ' + state.openCriticalCount + ' 个待处理严重漏洞'),
             desc: dt('dashboard.recoFixCriticalDesc', null, '严重等级的漏洞应优先处置'),
@@ -784,7 +843,7 @@ function renderRecommendedActions(state) {
         actions.push({
             level: 'setup',
             icon: '<svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z"/></svg>',
-            title: dt('dashboard.recoStartScan', null, '开始第一次扫描'),
+            title: dt('dashboard.recoStartScan', null, '在对话中发起扫描'),
             desc: dt('dashboard.recoStartScanDesc', null, '在对话中描述目标，让 AI 协助执行'),
             page: 'chat'
         });
@@ -972,8 +1031,8 @@ function renderRecentVulns(res) {
                 '<span class="dashboard-empty-icon" aria-hidden="true">' +
                 '<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z"/><path d="M9 12l2 2 4-4"/></svg>' +
                 '</span>' +
-                '<div class="dashboard-empty-title">' + esc(dt('dashboard.noVulnYet', null, '暂无漏洞')) + '</div>' +
-                '<div class="dashboard-empty-desc">' + esc(dt('dashboard.noVulnDesc', null, '系统目前安全，开始一次扫描可以发现潜在问题')) + '</div>' +
+                '<div class="dashboard-empty-title">' + esc(dt('dashboard.noVulnYet', null, '暂无最近漏洞')) + '</div>' +
+                '<div class="dashboard-empty-desc">' + esc(dt('dashboard.noVulnDesc', null, '此处展示近期漏洞记录；在对话中完成检测后，新结果会出现在这里')) + '</div>' +
                 '<button type="button" class="dashboard-empty-action" data-action="scan">' +
                 esc(dt('dashboard.startScanBtn', null, '前往对话发起扫描')) + ' →</button>'
             );
@@ -1093,6 +1152,81 @@ function renderVulnStatusPanel(byStatus, total) {
     if (confirmedBar) confirmedBar.style.width = confirmedPct.toFixed(2) + '%';
 }
 
+// 风险概览卡：基于「待处理(open)」口径的严重度分布计算加权风险分 + 紧急徽章
+//
+// 为什么用 open 口径而不是全量：
+//   如果用全量，全部漏洞修复后 by_severity 不变，风险分仍然居高，
+//   但紧急徽章（待严重/待高危）已经归零——视觉上会出现「极高 + 0 待处理」的语义冲突。
+//   改成 open 口径后，修复即卸掉风险，风险等级与紧急计数完全同步。
+//
+// bySeverityOpen: { critical, high, medium, low }（只统计 status=open 的漏洞；info 不计入）
+// totalOpen:      待处理漏洞总数（= critical + high + medium + low），仅用于"全无待处理 → safe"判断
+// recentVulnsRes: /api/vulnerabilities?limit=5 响应（用于"最近发现"时间，口径是全量，与处置状态无关）
+function renderSeverityInsights(bySeverityOpen, totalOpen, recentVulnsRes) {
+    var riskBox = document.querySelector('.dashboard-severity-insight-risk');
+    var levelEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-risk-level');
+    var fillEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-risk-fill');
+    var scoreEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-risk-score');
+    var urgentCriticalEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-urgent-critical');
+    var urgentHighEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-urgent-high');
+    var urgentCriticalCell = urgentCriticalEl ? urgentCriticalEl.closest('.dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-item') : null;
+    var urgentHighCell = urgentHighEl ? urgentHighEl.closest('.dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-item') : null;
+    var latestEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-severity-latest-time');
+
+    var sev = bySeverityOpen && typeof bySeverityOpen === 'object' ? bySeverityOpen : {};
+    var c = Number(sev.critical || 0) || 0;
+    var h = Number(sev.high || 0) || 0;
+    var m = Number(sev.medium || 0) || 0;
+    var l = Number(sev.low || 0) || 0;
+
+    // 加权分：严重 ×10、高危 ×5、中危 ×2、低危 ×0.5；信息忽略
+    // 阈值设计偏"保守"：1 个待处理严重就进"中"，2 个进"高"，≥4 个进"极高"
+    var score = c * 10 + h * 5 + m * 2 + l * 0.5;
+    var level, levelKey, levelFallback;
+    var t = Number(totalOpen || 0) || 0;
+    if (t === 0 || score === 0) {
+        level = 'safe'; levelKey = 'dashboard.riskSafe'; levelFallback = '安全';
+    } else if (score <= 3) {
+        level = 'low'; levelKey = 'dashboard.riskLow'; levelFallback = '低';
+    } else if (score <= 10) {
+        level = 'medium'; levelKey = 'dashboard.riskMedium'; levelFallback = '中';
+    } else if (score <= 30) {
+        level = 'high'; levelKey = 'dashboard.riskHigh'; levelFallback = '高';
+    } else {
+        level = 'severe'; levelKey = 'dashboard.riskSevere'; levelFallback = '极高';
+    }
+
+    if (riskBox) riskBox.setAttribute('data-level', level);
+    if (levelEl) levelEl.textContent = dt(levelKey, null, levelFallback);
+    // 进度条用 0-100 线性映射：>=100 直接满格
+    var pct = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, score));
+    if (fillEl) fillEl.style.width = pct.toFixed(1) + '%';
+    if (scoreEl) {
+        // 分数保留一位小数（低危 0.5 权重可能出现非整数）；整数直接显示
+        var displayScore = Math.round(score) === score ? String(score) : score.toFixed(1);
+        scoreEl.textContent = score >= 100 ? displayScore + '+' : displayScore;
+    }
+
+    // 紧急徽章直接复用 open 口径的 critical / high（与加权分完全同源，不会出现"风险极高 + 0 待处理"的矛盾）
+    if (urgentCriticalEl) urgentCriticalEl.textContent = formatNumber(c);
+    if (urgentHighEl) urgentHighEl.textContent = formatNumber(h);
+    if (urgentCriticalCell) urgentCriticalCell.classList.toggle('is-zero', c === 0);
+    if (urgentHighCell) urgentHighCell.classList.toggle('is-zero', h === 0);
+
+    if (latestEl) {
+        var list = recentVulnsRes && Array.isArray(recentVulnsRes.vulnerabilities) ? recentVulnsRes.vulnerabilities : [];
+        var latestIso = list.length > 0 ? list[0].created_at : null;
+        var timeStr = latestIso ? timeAgoStr(latestIso) : '';
+        if (timeStr) {
+            latestEl.textContent = timeStr;
+            latestEl.classList.remove('is-empty');
+        } else {
+            latestEl.textContent = dt('dashboard.noneYet', null, '暂无');
+            latestEl.classList.add('is-empty');
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 function renderDashboardToolsBar(monitorRes) {
     const placeholder = document.getElementById('dashboard-tools-pie-placeholder');
     const barChartEl = document.getElementById('dashboard-tools-bar-chart');
@@ -1377,7 +1511,7 @@ document.addEventListener('click', function (ev) {
     if (!btn) return;
     ev.preventDefault();
     var key = dashboardState.dismissedAlertKey || '';
-    try { sessionStorage.setItem('dashboard.dismissedAlert', key); } catch (_) {}
+    try { sessionStorage.setItem(DASH_SESSION_ALERT_DISMISSED, key); } catch (_) {}
     var banner = document.getElementById('dashboard-alert-banner');
     if (banner) banner.hidden = true;
 });

web/static/js/notifications.js

@@ -287,10 +287,18 @@
             closeDropdown();
             return;
         }
-        dropdown.style.display = 'block';
-        bellBtn.classList.add('active');
-        state.dropdownOpen = true;
-        await refreshNotifications();
+        // 从仪表盘「查看全部」等容器外入口打开时，同一 click 会冒泡到 document，
+        // handleDocumentClick 会误判为「点在外面」并立刻关掉。推迟到宏任务再展开即可。
+        const runOpen = async function () {
+            if (dropdown.style.display !== 'none') return;
+            dropdown.style.display = 'block';
+            bellBtn.classList.add('active');
+            state.dropdownOpen = true;
+            await refreshNotifications();
+        };
+        window.setTimeout(function () {
+            void runOpen();
+        }, 0);
     }
 
     async function markAllSeen() {

web/static/js/roles.js

@@ -1,6 +1,28 @@
 // 角色管理相关功能
 function _t(key, opts) {
-    return typeof window.t === 'function' ? window.t(key, opts) : key;
+    if (typeof window.t === 'function') {
+        try {
+            var translated = window.t(key, opts);
+            if (typeof translated === 'string' && translated && translated !== key) {
+                return translated;
+            }
+        } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    // i18n 未就绪或词条缺失时避免把 key 暴露给用户（与 zh-CN 默认一致）
+    if (key === 'roles.noDescription') return '暂无描述';
+    if (key === 'roles.noDescriptionShort') return '无描述';
+    if (key === 'roles.defaultRoleDescription') {
+        return '默认角色，不额外携带用户提示词，使用默认MCP';
+    }
+    return key;
+}
+
+/** 角色配置中的描述：trim，并把误存为 i18n key 的字面量视为空 */
+function rolePlainDescription(role) {
+    const raw = typeof role.description === 'string' ? role.description.trim() : '';
+    if (!raw) return '';
+    if (raw === 'roles.noDescription' || raw === 'roles.noDescriptionShort') return '';
+    return raw;
 }
 let currentRole = localStorage.getItem('currentRole') || '';
 let roles = [];
@@ -56,6 +78,11 @@ function sortRoles(rolesArray) {
 
 // 加载所有角色
 async function loadRoles() {
+    if (window.i18nReady && typeof window.i18nReady.then === 'function') {
+        try {
+            await window.i18nReady;
+        } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+    }
     try {
         const response = await apiFetch('/api/roles');
         if (!response.ok) {
@@ -189,8 +216,9 @@ function renderRoleSelectionSidebar() {
         const icon = getRoleIcon(role);
         
         // 处理默认角色的描述
-        let description = role.description || _t('roles.noDescription');
-        if (isDefaultRole && !role.description) {
+        const plainDesc = rolePlainDescription(role);
+        let description = plainDesc || _t('roles.noDescription');
+        if (isDefaultRole && !plainDesc) {
             description = _t('roles.defaultRoleDescription');
         }
         
@@ -316,6 +344,7 @@ function renderRolesList() {
     const sortedRoles = sortRoles(filteredRoles);
     
     rolesList.innerHTML = sortedRoles.map(role => {
+        const plainDesc = rolePlainDescription(role);
         // 获取角色图标，如果是Unicode转义格式则转换为emoji
         let roleIcon = role.icon || '👤';
         if (roleIcon && typeof roleIcon === 'string') {
@@ -369,7 +398,7 @@ function renderRolesList() {
                     ${role.enabled !== false ? _t('roles.enabled') : _t('roles.disabled')}
                 </span>
             </div>
-            <div class="role-card-description">${escapeHtml(role.description || _t('roles.noDescriptionShort'))}</div>
+            <div class="role-card-description">${escapeHtml(plainDesc || _t('roles.noDescriptionShort'))}</div>
             <div class="role-card-tools">
                 <span class="role-card-tools-label">${_t('roleModal.toolsLabel')}</span>
                 <span class="role-card-tools-value">${toolsDisplay}</span>
@@ -1575,9 +1604,10 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
     updateRoleSelectorDisplay();
 });
 
-// 语言切换后刷新角色选择器显示（默认/自定义角色名）
+// 语言切换后刷新角色选择器与「选择角色」列表文案
 document.addEventListener('languagechange', () => {
     updateRoleSelectorDisplay();
+    renderRoleSelectionSidebar();
 });
 
 // 获取当前选中的角色（供chat.js使用）

web/static/js/settings.js

@@ -405,10 +405,13 @@ async function loadToolsList(page = 1, searchKeyword = '') {
     }
 }
 
+// 每行有两类复选框：行首「启用工具」与名称旁「常驻」；统计/全选只应针对行首启用复选框
+const TOOL_ENABLE_CHECKBOX_SELECTOR = '#tools-list .tool-item > input[type="checkbox"]';
+
 // 保存当前页的工具状态到全局映射
 function saveCurrentPageToolStates() {
     document.querySelectorAll('#tools-list .tool-item').forEach(item => {
-        const checkbox = item.querySelector('input[type="checkbox"]');
+        const checkbox = item.querySelector(':scope > input[type="checkbox"]');
         const toolKey = item.dataset.toolKey; // 使用唯一标识符
         const toolName = item.dataset.toolName;
         const isExternal = item.dataset.isExternal === 'true';
@@ -745,7 +748,7 @@ function handleToolAlwaysVisibleChange(toolName, alwaysVisible) {
 
 // 全选工具
 function selectAllTools() {
-    document.querySelectorAll('#tools-list input[type="checkbox"]').forEach(checkbox => {
+    document.querySelectorAll(TOOL_ENABLE_CHECKBOX_SELECTOR).forEach(checkbox => {
         checkbox.checked = true;
         // 更新全局状态映射
         const toolItem = checkbox.closest('.tool-item');
@@ -769,7 +772,7 @@ function selectAllTools() {
 
 // 全不选工具
 function deselectAllTools() {
-    document.querySelectorAll('#tools-list input[type="checkbox"]').forEach(checkbox => {
+    document.querySelectorAll(TOOL_ENABLE_CHECKBOX_SELECTOR).forEach(checkbox => {
         checkbox.checked = false;
         // 更新全局状态映射
         const toolItem = checkbox.closest('.tool-item');
@@ -826,9 +829,9 @@ async function updateToolsStats() {
     // 先保存当前页的状态到全局映射
     saveCurrentPageToolStates();
     
-    // 计算当前页的启用工具数
-    const currentPageEnabled = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#tools-list input[type="checkbox"]:checked')).length;
-    const currentPageTotal = document.querySelectorAll('#tools-list input[type="checkbox"]').length;
+    // 计算当前页的启用工具数（仅行首「启用」复选框，不含「常驻」）
+    const currentPageEnabled = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(`${TOOL_ENABLE_CHECKBOX_SELECTOR}:checked`)).length;
+    const currentPageTotal = document.querySelectorAll(TOOL_ENABLE_CHECKBOX_SELECTOR).length;
     
     // 计算所有工具的启用数
     let totalEnabled = 0;

web/static/js/webshell.js

@@ -39,6 +39,100 @@ let webshellStreamingTypingId = 0;
 let webshellProbeStatusById = {};
 let webshellBatchProbeRunning = false;
 
+/** 允许的响应编码，与后端 normalizeWebshellEncoding 对齐 */
+const WEBSHELL_ALLOWED_ENCODINGS = ['auto', 'utf-8', 'gbk', 'gb18030'];
+
+/** 归一化连接的 encoding 字段，返回 'auto' | 'utf-8' | 'gbk' | 'gb18030'（空/未知 → auto） */
+function normalizeWebshellEncoding(v) {
+    var s = (v == null ? '' : String(v)).trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (s === 'utf8') s = 'utf-8';
+    if (!s) return 'auto';
+    return WEBSHELL_ALLOWED_ENCODINGS.indexOf(s) >= 0 ? s : 'auto';
+}
+
+/** 从连接对象取编码，便于透传到 /api/webshell/exec 与 /api/webshell/file */
+function webshellConnEncoding(conn) {
+    return normalizeWebshellEncoding(conn && conn.encoding);
+}
+
+/** 允许的目标 OS，与后端 normalizeWebshellOS 对齐 */
+const WEBSHELL_ALLOWED_OS = ['auto', 'linux', 'windows'];
+
+/** 归一化连接的 os 字段，返回 'auto' | 'linux' | 'windows'（空/未知 → auto） */
+function normalizeWebshellOS(v) {
+    var s = (v == null ? '' : String(v)).trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (!s) return 'auto';
+    return WEBSHELL_ALLOWED_OS.indexOf(s) >= 0 ? s : 'auto';
+}
+
+/** 从连接对象取目标 OS，便于透传到 /api/webshell/exec 与 /api/webshell/file */
+function webshellConnOS(conn) {
+    return normalizeWebshellOS(conn && conn.os);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 组装 /api/webshell/file 的公共请求体。
+ * 所有文件管理调用点都应走此函数，避免遗漏字段（如 connection_id）。
+ * @param {Object} conn 连接对象
+ * @param {Object} extra 额外字段（action / path / content / target_path / chunk_index ...）
+ * @returns {string} JSON 字符串
+ */
+function webshellFileRequestBody(conn, extra) {
+    const base = {
+        url: conn.url,
+        password: conn.password || '',
+        type: conn.type || 'php',
+        method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(),
+        cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
+        encoding: webshellConnEncoding(conn),
+        os: webshellConnOS(conn),
+        connection_id: conn.id || ''
+    };
+    const merged = Object.assign(base, extra || {});
+    return JSON.stringify(merged);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 当服务端探活命中目标系统（仅 auto 连接首次列目录时出现）时，
+ * 把结果同步到本地 webshellConnections 缓存 + 持久化到数据库。
+ * 后续刷新不再探活，AI 也能直接看到正确的 OS 上下文。
+ */
+function applyWebshellDetectedOS(conn, data) {
+    if (!conn || !data || !data.detected_os) return;
+    const detected = normalizeWebshellOS(data.detected_os);
+    if (detected !== 'linux' && detected !== 'windows') return;
+    if (webshellConnOS(conn) !== 'auto') return; // 用户已显式配置，尊重之
+    conn.os = detected;
+    if (Array.isArray(webshellConnections)) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < webshellConnections.length; i++) {
+            if (webshellConnections[i] && webshellConnections[i].id === conn.id) {
+                webshellConnections[i].os = detected;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (typeof renderWebshellList === 'function') {
+        try { renderWebshellList(); } catch (e) {}
+    }
+    // 服务端已经回写了 DB；但极少数情况下调用方未带 connection_id，这里再兜底 PUT 一次
+    if (conn.id && typeof apiFetch === 'function') {
+        apiFetch('/api/webshell/connections/' + encodeURIComponent(conn.id), {
+            method: 'PUT',
+            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+                url: conn.url,
+                password: conn.password || '',
+                type: conn.type || 'php',
+                method: conn.method || 'post',
+                cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
+                remark: conn.remark || '',
+                encoding: conn.encoding || 'auto',
+                os: detected
+            })
+        }).catch(function () {});
+    }
+}
+
 /** 与主对话页一致：Eino 模式走 /api/multi-agent/stream，body 带 orchestration */
 function resolveWebshellAiStreamRequest() {
     if (typeof apiFetch === 'undefined') {
@@ -335,6 +429,17 @@ function wsT(key) {
         'webshell.addConnection': '添加连接',
         'webshell.cmdParam': '命令参数名',
         'webshell.cmdParamPlaceholder': '不填默认为 cmd，如填 xxx 则请求为 xxx=命令',
+        'webshell.encoding': '响应编码',
+        'webshell.encodingAuto': '自动检测',
+        'webshell.encodingUtf8': 'UTF-8',
+        'webshell.encodingGbk': 'GBK（中文 Windows）',
+        'webshell.encodingGb18030': 'GB18030',
+        'webshell.encodingHint': '中文 Windows 目标若出现乱码，请切换为 GBK 或 GB18030',
+        'webshell.os': '目标系统',
+        'webshell.osAuto': '自动（按 Shell 类型推断）',
+        'webshell.osLinux': 'Linux / Unix',
+        'webshell.osWindows': 'Windows',
+        'webshell.osHint': '决定文件管理/上传使用 Linux 还是 Windows 命令；PHP/JSP 跑在 Windows 上请选 Windows',
         'webshell.connections': '连接列表',
         'webshell.noConnections': '暂无连接，请点击「添加连接」',
         'webshell.selectOrAdd': '请从左侧选择连接，或添加新的 WebShell 连接',
@@ -661,9 +766,20 @@ function renderWebshellList() {
         } else if (probe && probe.state === 'fail') {
             probeHtml = '<span class="webshell-probe-badge fail" title="' + escapeHtml(probe.message || '') + '">' + (wsT('webshell.probeOffline') || '离线') + '</span>';
         }
+        var encNorm = normalizeWebshellEncoding(conn.encoding);
+        var encHtml = '';
+        if (encNorm && encNorm !== 'auto') {
+            encHtml = '<span class="webshell-probe-badge" title="' + escapeHtml(wsT('webshell.encoding') || '响应编码') + '">' + escapeHtml(encNorm.toUpperCase()) + '</span>';
+        }
+        var osNorm = normalizeWebshellOS(conn.os);
+        var osHtml = '';
+        if (osNorm && osNorm !== 'auto') {
+            var osLabel = osNorm === 'windows' ? 'WIN' : 'LINUX';
+            osHtml = '<span class="webshell-probe-badge" title="' + escapeHtml(wsT('webshell.os') || '目标系统') + '">' + osLabel + '</span>';
+        }
         return (
             '<div class="webshell-item' + active + '" data-id="' + safeId + '">' +
-            '<div class="webshell-item-remark-row"><div class="webshell-item-remark" title="' + urlTitle + '">' + remark + '</div>' + probeHtml + '</div>' +
+            '<div class="webshell-item-remark-row"><div class="webshell-item-remark" title="' + urlTitle + '">' + remark + '</div>' + probeHtml + osHtml + encHtml + '</div>' +
             '<div class="webshell-item-url" title="' + urlTitle + '">' + url + '</div>' +
             '<div class="webshell-item-actions">' +
             '<details class="webshell-conn-actions"><summary class="btn-ghost btn-sm webshell-conn-actions-btn" title="' + actionsLabel + '">' + actionsLabel + '</summary>' +
@@ -709,6 +825,8 @@ function probeWebshellConnection(conn) {
             type: conn.type || 'php',
             method: ((conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase() === 'get') ? 'get' : 'post',
             cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
+            encoding: webshellConnEncoding(conn),
+            os: webshellConnOS(conn),
             command: 'echo 1'
         })
     })
@@ -3365,6 +3483,8 @@ function execWebshellCommand(conn, command) {
                 type: conn.type || 'php',
                 method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(),
                 cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
+                encoding: webshellConnEncoding(conn),
+                os: webshellConnOS(conn),
                 command: command
             })
         }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
@@ -3391,17 +3511,10 @@ function webshellFileListDir(conn, path) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({
-            url: conn.url,
-            password: conn.password || '',
-            type: conn.type || 'php',
-            method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(),
-            cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
-            action: 'list',
-            path: path
-        })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'list', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function (data) {
+            applyWebshellDetectedOS(conn, data);
             if (!data.ok && data.error) {
                 listEl.innerHTML = '<div class="webshell-file-error">' + escapeHtml(data.error) + '</div><pre class="webshell-file-raw">' + escapeHtml(data.output || '') + '</pre>';
                 return;
@@ -3497,16 +3610,9 @@ function fetchWebshellDirectoryItems(conn, path) {
     return apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({
-            url: conn.url,
-            password: conn.password || '',
-            type: conn.type || 'php',
-            method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(),
-            cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '',
-            action: 'list',
-            path: path
-        })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'list', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); }).then(function (data) {
+        applyWebshellDetectedOS(conn, data);
         if (!data || data.error || !data.ok) return [];
         return parseWebshellListItems(data.output || '');
     }).catch(function () {
@@ -3801,7 +3907,7 @@ function webshellFileMkdir(conn, pathInput) {
     var name = prompt(wsT('webshell.newDir') || '新建目录', 'newdir');
     if (name == null || !name.trim()) return;
     var path = base === '.' ? name.trim() : base + '/' + name.trim();
-    apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'mkdir', path: path }) })
+    apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'mkdir', path: path }) })
         .then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function () { webshellFileListDir(conn, base); })
         .catch(function () { webshellFileListDir(conn, base); });
@@ -3848,7 +3954,7 @@ function webshellFileUpload(conn, pathInput) {
                     webshellFileListDir(conn, base);
                     return;
                 }
-                apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'upload_chunk', path: path, content: base64Chunks[idx], chunk_index: idx }) })
+                apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'upload_chunk', path: path, content: base64Chunks[idx], chunk_index: idx }) })
                     .then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
                     .then(function () { idx++; sendNext(); })
                     .catch(function () { idx++; sendNext(); });
@@ -3867,7 +3973,7 @@ function webshellFileRename(conn, oldPath, oldName, listEl) {
     var parts = oldPath.split('/');
     var dir = parts.length > 1 ? parts.slice(0, -1).join('/') + '/' : '';
     var newPath = dir + newName.trim();
-    apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'rename', path: oldPath, target_path: newPath }) })
+    apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'rename', path: oldPath, target_path: newPath }) })
         .then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function () { webshellFileListDir(conn, document.getElementById('webshell-file-path').value.trim() || '.'); })
         .catch(function () { webshellFileListDir(conn, document.getElementById('webshell-file-path').value.trim() || '.'); });
@@ -3906,7 +4012,7 @@ function webshellFileDownload(conn, path) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'read', path: path })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'read', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function (data) {
             var content = (data && data.output) != null ? data.output : (data.error || '');
@@ -3927,7 +4033,7 @@ function webshellFileRead(conn, path, listEl, browsePath) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'read', path: path })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'read', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function (data) {
             const out = (data && data.output) ? data.output : (data.error || '');
@@ -3956,7 +4062,7 @@ function webshellFileEdit(conn, path, listEl) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'read', path: path })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'read', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function (data) {
             const content = (data && data.output) ? data.output : (data.error || '');
@@ -3992,7 +4098,7 @@ function webshellFileWrite(conn, path, content, onDone, listEl) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'write', path: path, content: content })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'write', path: path, content: content })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function (data) {
             if (data && !data.ok && data.error && listEl) {
@@ -4011,7 +4117,7 @@ function webshellFileDelete(conn, path, onDone) {
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/file', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ url: conn.url, password: conn.password || '', type: conn.type || 'php', method: (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase(), cmd_param: conn.cmdParam || '', action: 'delete', path: path })
+        body: webshellFileRequestBody(conn, { action: 'delete', path: path })
     }).then(function (r) { return r.json(); })
         .then(function () { if (onDone) onDone(); })
         .catch(function () { if (onDone) onDone(); });
@@ -4063,6 +4169,10 @@ function showAddWebshellModal() {
     document.getElementById('webshell-type').value = 'php';
     document.getElementById('webshell-method').value = 'post';
     document.getElementById('webshell-cmd-param').value = '';
+    var osSelEl = document.getElementById('webshell-os');
+    if (osSelEl) osSelEl.value = 'auto';
+    var encSelEl = document.getElementById('webshell-encoding');
+    if (encSelEl) encSelEl.value = 'auto';
     document.getElementById('webshell-remark').value = '';
     var titleEl = document.getElementById('webshell-modal-title');
     if (titleEl) titleEl.textContent = wsT('webshell.addConnection');
@@ -4081,6 +4191,10 @@ function showEditWebshellModal(connId) {
     document.getElementById('webshell-type').value = conn.type || 'php';
     document.getElementById('webshell-method').value = (conn.method || 'post').toLowerCase();
     document.getElementById('webshell-cmd-param').value = conn.cmdParam || '';
+    var osEditEl = document.getElementById('webshell-os');
+    if (osEditEl) osEditEl.value = normalizeWebshellOS(conn.os);
+    var encEditEl = document.getElementById('webshell-encoding');
+    if (encEditEl) encEditEl.value = normalizeWebshellEncoding(conn.encoding);
     document.getElementById('webshell-remark').value = conn.remark || '';
     var titleEl = document.getElementById('webshell-modal-title');
     if (titleEl) titleEl.textContent = wsT('webshell.editConnectionTitle');
@@ -4308,6 +4422,8 @@ function testWebshellConnection() {
     var method = ((document.getElementById('webshell-method') || {}).value || 'post').toLowerCase();
     var cmdParam = (document.getElementById('webshell-cmd-param') || {}).value;
     if (cmdParam && typeof cmdParam.trim === 'function') cmdParam = cmdParam.trim(); else cmdParam = '';
+    var osTag = normalizeWebshellOS((document.getElementById('webshell-os') || {}).value);
+    var encoding = normalizeWebshellEncoding((document.getElementById('webshell-encoding') || {}).value);
     var btn = document.getElementById('webshell-test-btn');
     if (btn) { btn.disabled = true; btn.textContent = (typeof wsT === 'function' ? wsT('common.refresh') : '刷新') + '...'; }
     if (typeof apiFetch === 'undefined') {
@@ -4315,6 +4431,7 @@ function testWebshellConnection() {
         alert(wsT('webshell.testFailed') || '连通性测试失败');
         return;
     }
+    // 连通性使用 Windows/Linux 都识别的最小内建命令作为探测（echo 1 在 cmd 和 sh 下行为等价）
     apiFetch('/api/webshell/exec', {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
@@ -4324,6 +4441,8 @@ function testWebshellConnection() {
             type: type,
             method: method === 'get' ? 'get' : 'post',
             cmd_param: cmdParam || '',
+            encoding: encoding,
+            os: osTag,
             command: 'echo 1'
         })
     })
@@ -4369,12 +4488,14 @@ function saveWebshellConnection() {
     var method = ((document.getElementById('webshell-method') || {}).value || 'post').toLowerCase();
     var cmdParam = (document.getElementById('webshell-cmd-param') || {}).value;
     if (cmdParam && typeof cmdParam.trim === 'function') cmdParam = cmdParam.trim(); else cmdParam = '';
+    var osTag = normalizeWebshellOS((document.getElementById('webshell-os') || {}).value);
+    var encoding = normalizeWebshellEncoding((document.getElementById('webshell-encoding') || {}).value);
     var remark = (document.getElementById('webshell-remark') || {}).value;
     if (remark && typeof remark.trim === 'function') remark = remark.trim(); else remark = '';
 
     var editIdEl = document.getElementById('webshell-edit-id');
     var editId = editIdEl ? editIdEl.value.trim() : '';
-    var body = { url: url, password: password, type: type, method: method === 'get' ? 'get' : 'post', cmd_param: cmdParam, remark: remark || url };
+    var body = { url: url, password: password, type: type, method: method === 'get' ? 'get' : 'post', cmd_param: cmdParam, encoding: encoding, os: osTag, remark: remark || url };
     if (typeof apiFetch === 'undefined') return;
 
     var reqUrl = editId ? ('/api/webshell/connections/' + encodeURIComponent(editId)) : '/api/webshell/connections';

web/templates/index.html

@@ -388,6 +388,40 @@
                                             <a class="dashboard-section-link" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" data-i18n="dashboard.viewAll">查看全部 →</a>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="dashboard-severity-wrap">
+                                            <!-- 风险概览卡：填充 donut 左侧留白；提供「结论性」洞察（风险等级/加权分/待处理计数/最新时间），
+                                                 与右侧 legend 的「明细」形成互补，避免和下方「最近漏洞」列表重复 -->
+                                            <aside class="dashboard-severity-insights" aria-label="风险概览">
+                                                <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-risk" data-level="safe">
+                                                    <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-head">
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-label" data-i18n="dashboard.riskLevel">风险等级</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-risk-badge" id="dashboard-severity-risk-level" data-i18n="dashboard.riskSafe">安全</span>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                    <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-score-track" aria-hidden="true">
+                                                        <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-score-fill" id="dashboard-severity-risk-fill" style="width: 0%"></div>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                    <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-score-meta">
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-score-label" data-i18n="dashboard.riskScore">加权风险分</span>
+                                                        <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-score-value" id="dashboard-severity-risk-score">0</span>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                </div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-group">
+                                                    <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-label" data-i18n="dashboard.statusOpen">待处理</span>
+                                                    <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent">
+                                                        <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-item u-critical" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('vulnerabilities'); }" title="查看待处理严重漏洞">
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-value" id="dashboard-severity-urgent-critical">0</span>
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityCritical">严重</span>
+                                                        </div>
+                                                        <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-item u-high" role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" onkeydown="if(event.key==='Enter'||event.key===' ') { event.preventDefault(); switchPage('vulnerabilities'); }" title="查看待处理高危漏洞">
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-value" id="dashboard-severity-urgent-high">0</span>
+                                                            <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-urgent-label" data-i18n="dashboard.severityHigh">高危</span>
+                                                        </div>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                </div>
+                                                <div class="dashboard-severity-insight-latest">
+                                                    <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-label" data-i18n="dashboard.latestFound">最近发现</span>
+                                                    <span class="dashboard-severity-insight-time" id="dashboard-severity-latest-time" data-i18n="dashboard.noneYet">暂无</span>
+                                                </div>
+                                            </aside>
                                             <div class="dashboard-severity-chart">
                                                 <svg class="dashboard-severity-donut" id="dashboard-severity-donut" viewBox="0 0 480 260" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" aria-hidden="true">
                                                     <g id="dashboard-severity-donut-track"></g>
@@ -498,7 +532,7 @@
                                             <a class="dashboard-section-link" onclick="switchPage('vulnerabilities')" data-i18n="dashboard.viewAll">查看全部 →</a>
                                         </div>
                                         <div class="dashboard-recent-vulns" id="dashboard-recent-vulns">
-                                            <div class="dashboard-recent-vulns-empty" id="dashboard-recent-vulns-empty" data-i18n="dashboard.noVulnYet">暂无漏洞，开始你的第一次扫描吧</div>
+                                            <div class="dashboard-recent-vulns-empty" id="dashboard-recent-vulns-empty" data-i18n="dashboard.noVulnYet">暂无最近漏洞</div>
                                         </div>
                                     </section>
                                     <section class="dashboard-section dashboard-section-overview">
@@ -2925,6 +2959,25 @@
                     <label for="webshell-cmd-param" data-i18n="webshell.cmdParam">命令参数名</label>
                     <input type="text" id="webshell-cmd-param" data-i18n="webshell.cmdParamPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="不填默认为 cmd，如 xxx 则请求为 xxx=命令" />
                 </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="webshell-os" data-i18n="webshell.os">目标系统</label>
+                    <select id="webshell-os">
+                        <option value="auto" data-i18n="webshell.osAuto">自动（按 Shell 类型推断）</option>
+                        <option value="linux" data-i18n="webshell.osLinux">Linux / Unix</option>
+                        <option value="windows" data-i18n="webshell.osWindows">Windows</option>
+                    </select>
+                    <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="webshell.osHint">决定文件管理/上传使用 Linux 还是 Windows 命令；PHP/JSP 跑在 Windows 上请选 Windows</small>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="webshell-encoding" data-i18n="webshell.encoding">响应编码</label>
+                    <select id="webshell-encoding">
+                        <option value="auto" data-i18n="webshell.encodingAuto">自动检测</option>
+                        <option value="utf-8" data-i18n="webshell.encodingUtf8">UTF-8</option>
+                        <option value="gbk" data-i18n="webshell.encodingGbk">GBK（中文 Windows）</option>
+                        <option value="gb18030" data-i18n="webshell.encodingGb18030">GB18030</option>
+                    </select>
+                    <small class="form-hint" data-i18n="webshell.encodingHint">中文 Windows 目标若出现乱码，请切换为 GBK 或 GB18030</small>
+                </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="webshell-remark" data-i18n="webshell.remark">备注</label>
                     <input type="text" id="webshell-remark" data-i18n="webshell.remarkPlaceholder" data-i18n-attr="placeholder" placeholder="便于识别的备注名" />