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Add bare-metal ADC driver for RP2350 (0x06_adc_cbm)

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This commit is contained in:
Kevin Thomas
2026-04-05 17:34:07 -04:00
parent 10b514ed38
commit e36a1a537f
29 changed files with 2226 additions and 0 deletions
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45
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json vendored Normal file
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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "ARM GCC",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/Inc/**"
],
"defines": [
"__GNUC__",
"__ARM_ARCH_8M_MAIN__",
"__ARMCC_VERSION"
],
"compilerPath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc",
"compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/compile_commands.json",
"cStandard": "c11",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "gcc-arm",
"compilerArgs": [
"-mcpu=cortex-m33",
"-mthumb"
]
},
{
"name": "ARM GCC (Windows)",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/Inc/**"
],
"defines": [
"__GNUC__",
"__ARM_ARCH_8M_MAIN__",
"__ARMCC_VERSION"
],
"compilerPath": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe",
"compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/compile_commands.json",
"cStandard": "c11",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "gcc-arm",
"compilerArgs": [
"-mcpu=cortex-m33",
"-mthumb"
]
}
],
"version": 4
}

9
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/.vscode/extensions.json vendored Normal file
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{
"recommendations": [
"marus25.cortex-debug",
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
"ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
"ms-vscode.vscode-serial-monitor",
"raspberry-pi.raspberry-pi-pico"
]
}

47
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/.vscode/launch.json vendored Normal file
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{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Debug RP2350 (OpenOCD)",
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"executable": "${workspaceFolder}/build/adc.elf",
"request": "launch",
"type": "cortex-debug",
"servertype": "openocd",
"serverpath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd",
"searchDir": [
"${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts"
],
"gdbPath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb",
"device": "RP2350",
"configFiles": [
"interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
"target/rp2350.cfg"
],
"svdFile": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/src/rp2350/hardware_regs/RP2350.svd",
"overrideLaunchCommands": [
"set arch armv8-m.main",
"set output-radix 16",
"monitor reset init",
"load",
"monitor reset halt"
],
"openOCDPreConfigLaunchCommands": [
"set USE_CORE { cm0 cm1 }"
],
"openOCDLaunchCommands": [
"adapter speed 5000"
],
"preLaunchTask": "Compile Project",
"showDevDebugOutput": "raw",
"windows": {
"serverpath": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe",
"searchDir": [
"${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts"
],
"gdbPath": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe",
"svdFile": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0/src/rp2350/hardware_regs/RP2350.svd"
}
}
]
}

40
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/.vscode/settings.json vendored Normal file
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{
"cmake.showSystemKits": false,
"cmake.options.statusBarVisibility": "hidden",
"cmake.options.advanced": {
"build": {
"statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
},
"launch": {
"statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
},
"debug": {
"statusBarVisibility": "hidden"
}
},
"cmake.configureOnEdit": false,
"cmake.automaticReconfigure": false,
"cmake.configureOnOpen": false,
"cmake.generator": "Ninja",
"cmake.cmakePath": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin/cmake",
"C_Cpp.debugShortcut": false,
"terminal.integrated.env.windows": {
"PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
"PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
"Path": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0-a4/picotool;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin;${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1;${env:PATH}"
},
"terminal.integrated.env.osx": {
"PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
"PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
"PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0-a4/picotool:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1:${env:PATH}"
},
"terminal.integrated.env.linux": {
"PICO_SDK_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/sdk/2.2.0",
"PICO_TOOLCHAIN_PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1",
"PATH": "${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/toolchain/14_2_Rel1/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0-a4/picotool:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin:${env:HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1:${env:PATH}"
},
"raspberry-pi-pico.cmakeAutoConfigure": true,
"raspberry-pi-pico.useCmakeTools": false,
"raspberry-pi-pico.cmakePath": "${HOME}/.pico-sdk/cmake/v3.31.5/bin/cmake",
"raspberry-pi-pico.ninjaPath": "${HOME}/.pico-sdk/ninja/v1.12.1/ninja"
}

128
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/.vscode/tasks.json vendored Normal file
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{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "Compile Project",
"type": "shell",
"command": "make",
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"presentation": {
"reveal": "always",
"panel": "dedicated"
},
"problemMatcher": "$gcc",
"windows": {
"command": ".\\build.bat"
}
},
{
"label": "Clean Project",
"type": "shell",
"command": "make clean",
"group": "build",
"presentation": {
"reveal": "always",
"panel": "dedicated"
},
"problemMatcher": [],
"windows": {
"command": ".\\clean.bat"
}
},
{
"label": "Run Project",
"type": "shell",
"command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0-a4/picotool/picotool",
"args": [
"load",
"build/adc.uf2",
"-fx"
],
"presentation": {
"reveal": "always",
"panel": "dedicated"
},
"problemMatcher": [],
"dependsOn": [
"Compile Project"
],
"windows": {
"command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/picotool/2.2.0-a4/picotool/picotool.exe"
}
},
{
"label": "Flash",
"type": "shell",
"command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd",
"args": [
"-s",
"${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
"-f",
"interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
"-f",
"target/rp2350.cfg",
"-c",
"adapter speed 5000; program build/adc.elf verify reset exit"
],
"problemMatcher": [],
"dependsOn": [
"Compile Project"
],
"windows": {
"command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe"
}
},
{
"label": "Rescue Reset",
"type": "process",
"command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd",
"args": [
"-s",
"${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
"-f",
"interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
"-f",
"target/${command:raspberry-pi-pico.getChip}-rescue.cfg",
"-c",
"adapter speed 5000; reset halt; exit"
],
"problemMatcher": [],
"windows": {
"command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe"
}
},
{
"label": "RISC-V Reset (RP2350)",
"type": "process",
"command": "${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd",
"args": [
"-s",
"${userHome}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/scripts",
"-c",
"set USE_CORE { rv0 rv1 cm0 cm1 }",
"-f",
"interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
"-f",
"target/rp2350.cfg",
"-c",
"adapter speed 5000; init;",
"-c",
"write_memory 0x40120158 8 { 0x3 }; echo [format \"Info : ARCHSEL 0x%02x\" [read_memory 0x40120158 8 1]];",
"-c",
"reset halt; targets rp2350.rv0; echo [format \"Info : ARCHSEL_STATUS 0x%02x\" [read_memory 0x4012015C 8 1]]; exit"
],
"problemMatcher": [],
"windows": {
"command": "${env:USERPROFILE}/.pico-sdk/openocd/0.12.0+dev/openocd.exe"
}
}
]
}
],
"problemMatcher": []
}
]
}

233
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief RP2350 Device Peripheral Access Layer Header File.
*
* Memory-mapped register structures and peripheral base addresses
* for the RP2350 microcontroller (Cortex-M33 dual-core). All
* register offsets verified against the RP2350 datasheet
* (RP-008373-DS-2).
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_H
#define __RP2350_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
/*!< Defines 'read / write' permissions */
#define __IO volatile
/*!< Stack addresses */
#define STACK_TOP 0x20082000UL
#define STACK_LIMIT 0x2007A000UL
/*!< Memory map */
#define XIP_BASE 0x10000000UL
#define SRAM_BASE 0x20000000UL
#define SIO_BASE 0xD0000000UL
#define PPB_BASE 0xE0000000UL
/*!< APB peripherals */
#define CLOCKS_BASE 0x40010000UL
#define RESETS_BASE 0x40020000UL
#define IO_BANK0_BASE 0x40028000UL
#define PADS_BANK0_BASE 0x40038000UL
#define XOSC_BASE 0x40048000UL
#define UART0_BASE 0x40070000UL
#define ADC_BASE 0x400A0000UL
/**
* @brief XOSC (External Crystal Oscillator)
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t CTRL; // Control register Address offset: 0x00
__IO uint32_t STATUS; // Status register Address offset: 0x04
__IO uint32_t DORMANT; // Dormant mode Address offset: 0x08
__IO uint32_t STARTUP; // Startup delay Address offset: 0x0C
__IO uint32_t COUNT; // Frequency count Address offset: 0x10
} XOSC_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief CLOCKS
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t RESERVED0[18]; // Other clock registers Address offset: 0x00-0x44
__IO uint32_t CLK_PERI_CTRL; // Peripheral clock control Address offset: 0x48
__IO uint32_t RESERVED1[8]; // CLK_PERI_DIV..CLK_USB_SELECTED Address offset: 0x4C-0x68
__IO uint32_t CLK_ADC_CTRL; // ADC clock control Address offset: 0x6C
} CLOCKS_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief RESETS
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t RESET; // Reset control Address offset: 0x00
__IO uint32_t WDSEL; // Watchdog select Address offset: 0x04
__IO uint32_t RESET_DONE; // Reset done status Address offset: 0x08
} RESETS_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief IO_BANK0 GPIO Control (one per GPIO)
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t STATUS; // GPIO status Address offset: 0x00
__IO uint32_t CTRL; // GPIO control Address offset: 0x04
} IO_BANK0_GPIO_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief IO_BANK0
*/
typedef struct
{
IO_BANK0_GPIO_TypeDef GPIO[30]; // GPIO 0-29 status/ctrl pairs Address offset: 0x000-0x0E8
} IO_BANK0_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief PADS_BANK0
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t VOLTAGE_SELECT; // Voltage select Address offset: 0x00
__IO uint32_t GPIO[30]; // GPIO 0-29 pad control Address offset: 0x04-0x78
} PADS_BANK0_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t CS; // Control and status Address offset: 0x00
__IO uint32_t RESULT; // Conversion result Address offset: 0x04
} ADC_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief Peripheral Definitions
*/
#define XOSC ((XOSC_TypeDef *) XOSC_BASE)
#define CLOCKS ((CLOCKS_TypeDef *) CLOCKS_BASE)
#define RESETS ((RESETS_TypeDef *) RESETS_BASE)
#define IO_BANK0 ((IO_BANK0_TypeDef *) IO_BANK0_BASE)
#define PADS_BANK0 ((PADS_BANK0_TypeDef *) PADS_BANK0_BASE)
#define ADC ((ADC_TypeDef *) ADC_BASE)
#define SIO ((volatile uint32_t *) SIO_BASE)
#define CPACR ((volatile uint32_t *) (PPB_BASE + 0x0ED88UL))
/**
* @brief XOSC bit definitions
*/
#define XOSC_STATUS_STABLE_SHIFT 31U
/**
* @brief CPACR bit definitions
*/
#define CPACR_CP0_SHIFT 0U
#define CPACR_CP1_SHIFT 1U
/**
* @brief CLOCKS bit definitions
*/
#define CLK_PERI_CTRL_ENABLE_SHIFT 11U
#define CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT 5U
#define CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_MASK (0x07U << CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT)
#define CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC 4U
/**
* @brief CLK_ADC bit definitions
*/
#define CLK_ADC_CTRL_ENABLE_SHIFT 11U
#define CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT 5U
#define CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_MASK (0x07U << CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT)
#define CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC 3U
/**
* @brief RESETS bit definitions
*/
#define RESETS_RESET_IO_BANK0_SHIFT 6U
#define RESETS_RESET_ADC_SHIFT 0U
#define RESETS_RESET_UART0_SHIFT 26U
/**
* @brief IO_BANK0 bit definitions
*/
#define IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_MASK 0x1FU
#define IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_UART 0x02U
#define IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_SIO 0x05U
#define IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_NULL 0x1FU
/**
* @brief PADS_BANK0 bit definitions
*/
#define PADS_BANK0_OD_SHIFT 7U
#define PADS_BANK0_IE_SHIFT 6U
#define PADS_BANK0_ISO_SHIFT 8U
/**
* @brief UART register offsets (word indices from UART0_BASE)
*/
#define UART_DR_OFFSET (0x000U / 4U)
#define UART_FR_OFFSET (0x018U / 4U)
#define UART_IBRD_OFFSET (0x024U / 4U)
#define UART_FBRD_OFFSET (0x028U / 4U)
#define UART_LCR_H_OFFSET (0x02CU / 4U)
#define UART_CR_OFFSET (0x030U / 4U)
/**
* @brief UART flag register bit definitions
*/
#define UART_FR_TXFF_MASK 32U
#define UART_FR_RXFE_MASK 16U
/**
* @brief UART line control and enable values
*/
#define UART_LCR_H_8N1_FIFO 0x70U
#define UART_CR_ENABLE ((3U << 8) | 1U)
/**
* @brief GPIO pin definitions
*/
#define ADC_PIN 26U
#define ADC_CHANNEL 0U
#define ADC_TEMP_CHANNEL 4U
/**
* @brief PADS_BANK0 drive strength value
*/
#define PADS_BANK0_DRIVE_4MA (1U << 4)
/**
* @brief ADC CS register bit definitions
*/
#define ADC_CS_EN_SHIFT 0U
#define ADC_CS_TS_EN_SHIFT 1U
#define ADC_CS_START_ONCE_SHIFT 2U
#define ADC_CS_READY_SHIFT 8U
#define ADC_CS_AINSEL_SHIFT 12U
#define ADC_CS_AINSEL_MASK (0x0FU << ADC_CS_AINSEL_SHIFT)
/**
* @brief ADC conversion constants
*/
#define ADC_VREF_MV 3300U
#define ADC_FULL_SCALE 4095U
#define ADC_READY_TIMEOUT 1000000U
#endif /* __RP2350_H */

75
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_adc.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_adc.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Header for RP2350 12-bit ADC driver.
*
* Provides functions to initialise the ADC peripheral, read an
* analog voltage in millivolts from GPIO26 (channel 0), and read
* the on-chip temperature sensor (channel 4) in tenths of degrees
* Celsius.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_ADC_H
#define __RP2350_ADC_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Release the ADC subsystem from reset.
*
* Clears the ADC bit in the RESETS register and waits until
* RESET_DONE confirms the subsystem is running.
*
* @retval None
*/
void adc_release_reset(void);
/**
* @brief Initialise the ADC peripheral for GPIO26 (channel 0).
*
* Configures GPIO26 pad for analog input (disables digital I/O,
* pulls, and pad isolation), sets the IO mux function to NULL,
* powers on the ADC, enables the temperature sensor, and selects
* channel 0 as the default input.
*
* @retval None
*/
void adc_init(void);
/**
* @brief Perform a single ADC conversion and return millivolts.
*
* Triggers a one-shot conversion on the currently selected channel,
* waits for the result, and scales the 12-bit value against the
* 3.3 V reference.
*
* @retval uint32_t measured voltage in millivolts (0-3300)
*/
uint32_t adc_read_mv(void);
/**
* @brief Read the on-chip temperature sensor in tenths of degrees Celsius.
*
* Temporarily switches to ADC channel 4 (temperature sensor),
* performs a conversion, applies the RP2350 datasheet formula
* T = 27 - (V - 0.706) / 0.001721 using integer arithmetic,
* and restores the previously active channel.
*
* @retval int32_t die temperature in tenths of degrees (e.g. 270 = 27.0 C)
*/
int32_t adc_read_temp_tenths(void);
#endif /* __RP2350_ADC_H */

33
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_coprocessor.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_coprocessor.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Coprocessor access control driver header for RP2350.
*
* Enables coprocessor access via the CPACR register.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_COPROCESSOR_H
#define __RP2350_COPROCESSOR_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Enable coprocessor access via CPACR with DSB/ISB barriers.
* @retval None
*/
void coprocessor_enable(void);
#endif /* __RP2350_COPROCESSOR_H */

34
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_delay.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_delay.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Delay driver header for RP2350.
*
* Millisecond busy-wait delay calibrated for a 14.5 MHz clock.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_DELAY_H
#define __RP2350_DELAY_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Delay for the specified number of milliseconds.
* @param ms number of milliseconds to delay
* @retval None
*/
void delay_ms(uint32_t ms);
#endif /* __RP2350_DELAY_H */

33
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_reset.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_reset.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Reset controller driver header for RP2350.
*
* Provides subsystem reset release for IO_BANK0.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_RESET_H
#define __RP2350_RESET_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Release IO_BANK0 from reset and wait until ready.
* @retval None
*/
void reset_init_subsystem(void);
#endif /* __RP2350_RESET_H */

33
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_reset_handler.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_reset_handler.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Reset handler header for RP2350.
*
* Entry point after reset. Performs stack initialization, XOSC
* setup, subsystem reset release, UART initialization,
* coprocessor enable, and branches to main().
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_RESET_HANDLER_H
#define __RP2350_RESET_HANDLER_H
/**
* @brief Reset handler entry point (naked, noreturn).
* @retval None
*/
void Reset_Handler(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
#endif /* __RP2350_RESET_HANDLER_H */

34
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Inc/rp2350_stack.h Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_stack.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Stack pointer initialization header for RP2350.
*
* Sets MSP, PSP, MSPLIM, and PSPLIM from the STACK_TOP and
* STACK_LIMIT values defined in rp2350.h.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_STACK_H
#define __RP2350_STACK_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Initialize MSP, PSP, MSPLIM, and PSPLIM stack pointers.
* @retval None
*/
void stack_init(void);
#endif /* __RP2350_STACK_H */

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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_uart.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief UART0 driver header for RP2350.
*
* Bare-metal UART0 driver supporting TX/RX on GPIO 0/1 at
* 115200 baud (14.5 MHz XOSC clock).
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_UART_H
#define __RP2350_UART_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Release UART0 from reset and wait until ready.
* @retval None
*/
void uart_release_reset(void);
/**
* @brief Initialize UART0 pins, baud rate, line control, and enable.
* @retval None
*/
void uart_init(void);
/**
* @brief Check whether a received byte is waiting in the UART FIFO.
* @retval bool true if at least one byte is available
*/
bool uart_is_readable(void);
/**
* @brief Read one character from UART0 (blocking).
* @retval char the received character
*/
char uart_getchar(void);
/**
* @brief Transmit one character over UART0 (blocking).
* @param c character to transmit
* @retval None
*/
void uart_putchar(char c);
/**
* @brief Transmit a null-terminated string over UART0.
* @param str pointer to the string to send
* @retval None
*/
void uart_puts(const char *str);
/**
* @brief Convert a lowercase ASCII character to uppercase.
* @param c input character
* @retval char uppercase equivalent or original character
*/
char uart_to_upper(char c);
#endif /* __RP2350_UART_H */

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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_xosc.h
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief XOSC driver header for RP2350.
*
* External crystal oscillator initialization and peripheral
* clock enable using the XOSC registers.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __RP2350_XOSC_H
#define __RP2350_XOSC_H
#include "rp2350.h"
/**
* @brief Initialize the external crystal oscillator and wait until stable.
* @retval None
*/
void xosc_init(void);
/**
* @brief Enable the XOSC peripheral clock via CLK_PERI_CTRL.
* @retval None
*/
void xosc_enable_peri_clk(void);
/**
* @brief Enable the XOSC ADC clock via CLK_ADC_CTRL.
* @retval None
*/
void xosc_enable_adc_clk(void);
#endif /* __RP2350_XOSC_H */

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# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# @file Makefile
# @author Kevin Thomas
# @brief Build script for RP2350 bare-metal C ADC driver.
#
# Compiles, links, and generates UF2 firmware for the RP2350.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Toolchain
CC = arm-none-eabi-gcc
OBJCOPY = arm-none-eabi-objcopy
SIZE = arm-none-eabi-size
# Target
TARGET = adc
# Directories
SRC_DIR = Src
INC_DIR = Inc
BUILD_DIR = build
# CPU flags
CPU_FLAGS = -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb
# Compiler flags
CFLAGS = $(CPU_FLAGS) -Og -g3 -Wall -Wextra \
-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections \
-I$(INC_DIR)
# Linker flags
LDFLAGS = $(CPU_FLAGS) -T linker.ld -nostdlib -Wl,--gc-sections
# Source files
SRCS = $(SRC_DIR)/vector_table.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_reset_handler.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_stack.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_xosc.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_reset.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_coprocessor.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_uart.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_adc.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/rp2350_delay.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/main.c \
$(SRC_DIR)/image_def.c
# Object files
OBJS = $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.c,$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o,$(SRCS))
# Rules
.PHONY: all clean flash
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).uf2
@echo "==================================="
@echo "SUCCESS! Created $(TARGET).bin and $(TARGET).uf2"
@echo "==================================="
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.c | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $@
$(SIZE) $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf
$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $< $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).uf2: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin
python3 uf2conv.py -b 0x10000000 -f 0xe48bff59 -o $@ $<
$(BUILD_DIR):
mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
clean:
rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)
flash: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf
openocd -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -f target/rp2350.cfg \
-c "adapter speed 5000" \
-c "program $< verify reset exit"

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drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/image_def.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file image_def.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief RP2350 IMAGE_DEF block for boot ROM image recognition.
*
* Must appear within the first 4 KB of flash for the boot ROM
* to accept the image.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include <stdint.h>
/**
* @brief IMAGE_DEF block structure placed in flash
*/
__attribute__((section(".embedded_block"), used))
const uint8_t picobin_block[] = {
0xD3, 0xDE, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0x42, 0x01, 0x21, 0x10,
0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x79, 0x35, 0x12, 0xAB
};

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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file main.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief ADC demonstration: potentiometer voltage and chip temperature.
*
* Demonstrates 12-bit ADC using the bare-metal ADC driver. Reads
* ADC channel 0 (GPIO26) and reports the voltage in millivolts
* alongside the on-chip temperature sensor reading every 500 ms
* over UART.
*
* Wiring:
* GPIO0 -> UART TX (USB-to-UART adapter RX)
* GPIO1 -> UART RX (USB-to-UART adapter TX)
* GPIO26 -> Wiper of a 10 kohm potentiometer
* 3.3V -> One end of the potentiometer
* GND -> Other end of the potentiometer
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_adc.h"
#include "rp2350_uart.h"
#include "rp2350_xosc.h"
#include "rp2350_delay.h"
#define SAMPLE_DELAY_MS 500
/**
* @brief Reverse a character buffer in place.
* @param buf pointer to the buffer
* @param len number of characters to reverse
* @retval None
*/
static void _reverse(char *buf, uint8_t len)
{
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
char tmp = buf[i];
buf[i] = buf[len - 1 - i];
buf[len - 1 - i] = tmp;
}
}
/**
* @brief Print an unsigned 32-bit integer as a decimal string over UART.
* @param val value to print
* @retval None
*/
static void _print_uint32(uint32_t val)
{
char buf[11];
uint8_t len = 0;
do { buf[len++] = (char)('0' + val % 10); val /= 10; } while (val > 0);
_reverse(buf, len);
buf[len] = '\0';
uart_puts(buf);
}
/**
* @brief Print a signed temperature in tenths of degrees as XX.X over UART.
* @param tenths temperature in tenths of degrees Celsius
* @retval None
*/
static void _print_temp(int32_t tenths)
{
if (tenths < 0) { uart_puts("-"); tenths = -tenths; }
_print_uint32((uint32_t)(tenths / 10));
char frac[2] = { (char)('0' + tenths % 10), '\0' };
uart_puts(".");
uart_puts(frac);
}
/**
* @brief Print ADC voltage and chip temperature readings over UART.
* @retval None
*/
static void _print_readings(void)
{
uint32_t mv = adc_read_mv();
int32_t temp = adc_read_temp_tenths();
uart_puts("ADC0: ");
_print_uint32(mv);
uart_puts(" mV | Chip temp: ");
_print_temp(temp);
uart_puts(" C\r\n");
}
/**
* @brief Application entry point for the ADC voltage and temperature demo.
* @retval int does not return
*/
int main(void)
{
xosc_enable_adc_clk();
adc_release_reset();
adc_init();
while (1) {
_print_readings();
delay_ms(SAMPLE_DELAY_MS);
}
}

159
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/rp2350_adc.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_adc.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief RP2350 12-bit ADC driver implementation.
*
* Bare-metal driver for the RP2350 ADC peripheral. Reads analog
* voltage on GPIO26 (channel 0) and the on-chip temperature sensor
* (channel 4). All register accesses verified against the RP2350
* datasheet (RP-008373-DS-2).
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_adc.h"
static uint8_t active_channel = 0;
/**
* @brief Configure the GPIO26 pad for analog input.
*
* Sets drive strength to 4 mA and clears pad isolation, output
* disable, input enable, pull-up, pull-down, and schmitt trigger
* bits so the pad is fully analog.
*
* @retval None
*/
static void _adc_config_pad(void)
{
PADS_BANK0->GPIO[ADC_PIN] = PADS_BANK0_DRIVE_4MA;
}
/**
* @brief Set GPIO26 IO mux function to NULL (disconnected).
*
* Writes FUNCSEL = 0x1F to the IO_BANK0 control register for
* GPIO26, ensuring no digital peripheral drives the pin.
*
* @retval None
*/
static void _adc_config_gpio(void)
{
IO_BANK0->GPIO[ADC_PIN].CTRL = IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_NULL;
}
/**
* @brief Select an ADC input channel.
*
* Writes the channel number into the AINSEL field of the CS
* register while preserving all other bits.
*
* @param ch channel number (0-4)
* @retval None
*/
static void _adc_select_input(uint8_t ch)
{
uint32_t cs = ADC->CS;
cs &= ~ADC_CS_AINSEL_MASK;
cs |= ((uint32_t)ch << ADC_CS_AINSEL_SHIFT);
ADC->CS = cs;
}
/**
* @brief Trigger a single conversion and return the raw 12-bit result.
*
* Sets START_ONCE in the CS register, spins until READY is
* asserted, then reads the 12-bit value from the RESULT register.
*
* @retval uint16_t raw ADC conversion result (0-4095)
*/
static uint16_t _adc_read_raw(void)
{
uint32_t timeout = ADC_READY_TIMEOUT;
ADC->CS |= (1U << ADC_CS_START_ONCE_SHIFT);
while (!(ADC->CS & (1U << ADC_CS_READY_SHIFT)) && timeout > 0U) {
timeout--;
}
if (timeout == 0U) {
return 0U;
}
return (uint16_t)(ADC->RESULT & 0xFFFU);
}
/**
* @brief Convert a raw 12-bit ADC value to millivolts.
*
* Scales the raw value linearly against the 3.3 V (3300 mV)
* full-scale reference.
*
* @param raw 12-bit ADC conversion result (0-4095)
* @retval uint32_t equivalent voltage in millivolts (0-3300)
*/
static uint32_t _raw_to_mv(uint16_t raw)
{
return (uint32_t)raw * ADC_VREF_MV / ADC_FULL_SCALE;
}
/**
* @brief Convert a raw temperature-sensor ADC value to tenths of degrees.
*
* Applies the RP2350 datasheet formula T = 27 - (V - 0.706) / 0.001721
* using integer arithmetic with millivolt-times-ten precision.
* V is computed as raw * 33000 / 4095 (voltage in 0.1 mV units).
*
* @param raw 12-bit ADC result from the internal temperature sensor
* @retval int32_t die temperature in tenths of degrees Celsius
*/
static int32_t _raw_to_temp_tenths(uint16_t raw)
{
int32_t v_mv10 = (int32_t)((uint32_t)raw * 33000U / ADC_FULL_SCALE);
return 270 - (v_mv10 - 7060) * 1000 / 1721;
}
void adc_release_reset(void)
{
RESETS->RESET |= (1U << RESETS_RESET_ADC_SHIFT);
uint32_t timeout = ADC_READY_TIMEOUT;
RESETS->RESET &= ~(1U << RESETS_RESET_ADC_SHIFT);
while (!(RESETS->RESET_DONE & (1U << RESETS_RESET_ADC_SHIFT)) && timeout > 0U) {
timeout--;
}
}
void adc_init(void)
{
_adc_config_pad();
_adc_config_gpio();
ADC->CS = (1U << ADC_CS_EN_SHIFT);
uint32_t timeout = ADC_READY_TIMEOUT;
while (!(ADC->CS & (1U << ADC_CS_READY_SHIFT)) && timeout > 0U) {
timeout--;
}
ADC->CS |= (1U << ADC_CS_TS_EN_SHIFT);
active_channel = ADC_CHANNEL;
_adc_select_input(active_channel);
}
uint32_t adc_read_mv(void)
{
return _raw_to_mv(_adc_read_raw());
}
int32_t adc_read_temp_tenths(void)
{
_adc_select_input(ADC_TEMP_CHANNEL);
int32_t result = _raw_to_temp_tenths(_adc_read_raw());
_adc_select_input(active_channel);
return result;
}

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drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/rp2350_coprocessor.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_coprocessor.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Coprocessor access control driver implementation for RP2350.
*
* Grants access to coprocessors 0 and 1 by setting the
* corresponding bits in CPACR with DSB/ISB barriers.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_coprocessor.h"
void coprocessor_enable(void)
{
uint32_t value;
value = *CPACR;
value |= (1U << CPACR_CP1_SHIFT);
value |= (1U << CPACR_CP0_SHIFT);
*CPACR = value;
__asm__ volatile ("dsb");
__asm__ volatile ("isb");
}

39
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/rp2350_delay.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_delay.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Delay driver implementation for RP2350.
*
* Busy-wait millisecond delay calibrated for a 14.5 MHz clock
* (3600 loop iterations per millisecond).
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_delay.h"
void delay_ms(uint32_t ms)
{
if (ms == 0)
return;
__asm__ volatile (
"mov r4, #3600\n\t"
"mul r5, %0, r4\n\t"
"1:\n\t"
"subs r5, #1\n\t"
"bne 1b\n\t"
:
: "r" (ms)
: "r4", "r5", "cc"
);
}

33
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/rp2350_reset.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_reset.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Reset controller driver implementation for RP2350.
*
* Releases IO_BANK0 from reset and waits until the subsystem
* is ready.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_reset.h"
void reset_init_subsystem(void)
{
uint32_t value;
value = RESETS->RESET;
value &= ~(1U << RESETS_RESET_IO_BANK0_SHIFT);
RESETS->RESET = value;
while ((RESETS->RESET_DONE & (1U << RESETS_RESET_IO_BANK0_SHIFT)) == 0) {
}
}

46
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/rp2350_reset_handler.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_reset_handler.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Reset handler implementation for RP2350.
*
* Entry point after power-on or system reset. Initializes the
* stack, XOSC, subsystem resets, UART, ADC, coprocessor,
* then branches to main().
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_reset_handler.h"
#include "rp2350_stack.h"
#include "rp2350_xosc.h"
#include "rp2350_reset.h"
#include "rp2350_uart.h"
#include "rp2350_adc.h"
#include "rp2350_coprocessor.h"
extern int main(void);
void __attribute__((naked, noreturn)) Reset_Handler(void)
{
__asm__ volatile (
"bl stack_init\n\t"
"bl xosc_init\n\t"
"bl xosc_enable_peri_clk\n\t"
"bl reset_init_subsystem\n\t"
"bl uart_release_reset\n\t"
"bl uart_init\n\t"
"bl coprocessor_enable\n\t"
"b main\n\t"
);
}

38
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_stack.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Stack pointer initialization for RP2350.
*
* Sets MSP, PSP, MSPLIM, and PSPLIM using inline assembly.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_stack.h"
void stack_init(void)
{
__asm__ volatile (
"ldr r0, =%0\n\t"
"msr PSP, r0\n\t"
"ldr r0, =%1\n\t"
"msr MSPLIM, r0\n\t"
"msr PSPLIM, r0\n\t"
"ldr r0, =%0\n\t"
"msr MSP, r0\n\t"
:
: "i" (STACK_TOP), "i" (STACK_LIMIT)
: "r0"
);
}

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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_uart.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief UART0 driver implementation for RP2350.
*
* Configures UART0 on GPIO 0 (TX) and GPIO 1 (RX) at 115200
* baud using the 14.5 MHz XOSC clock.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_uart.h"
#define UART_BASE ((volatile uint32_t *) UART0_BASE)
/**
* @brief Clear the UART0 reset bit in the reset controller.
* @retval None
*/
static void _uart_clear_reset_bit(void)
{
uint32_t value;
value = RESETS->RESET;
value &= ~(1U << RESETS_RESET_UART0_SHIFT);
RESETS->RESET = value;
}
/**
* @brief Wait until the UART0 block is out of reset.
* @retval None
*/
static void _uart_wait_reset_done(void)
{
while ((RESETS->RESET_DONE & (1U << RESETS_RESET_UART0_SHIFT)) == 0) {
}
}
/**
* @brief Configure GPIO pins 0 (TX) and 1 (RX) for UART function.
* @retval None
*/
static void _uart_configure_pins(void)
{
IO_BANK0->GPIO[0].CTRL = IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_UART;
IO_BANK0->GPIO[1].CTRL = IO_BANK0_CTRL_FUNCSEL_UART;
PADS_BANK0->GPIO[0] = 0x04;
PADS_BANK0->GPIO[1] = 0x40;
}
/**
* @brief Set UART0 baud rate divisors for 115200 at 14.5 MHz.
* @retval None
*/
static void _uart_set_baud(void)
{
UART_BASE[UART_CR_OFFSET] = 0;
UART_BASE[UART_IBRD_OFFSET] = 6;
UART_BASE[UART_FBRD_OFFSET] = 33;
}
/**
* @brief Configure line control and enable UART0.
* @retval None
*/
static void _uart_enable(void)
{
UART_BASE[UART_LCR_H_OFFSET] = UART_LCR_H_8N1_FIFO;
UART_BASE[UART_CR_OFFSET] = UART_CR_ENABLE;
}
void uart_release_reset(void)
{
_uart_clear_reset_bit();
_uart_wait_reset_done();
}
void uart_init(void)
{
_uart_configure_pins();
_uart_set_baud();
_uart_enable();
}
bool uart_is_readable(void)
{
return (UART_BASE[UART_FR_OFFSET] & UART_FR_RXFE_MASK) == 0;
}
char uart_getchar(void)
{
while (UART_BASE[UART_FR_OFFSET] & UART_FR_RXFE_MASK) {
}
return (char)(UART_BASE[UART_DR_OFFSET] & 0xFF);
}
void uart_putchar(char c)
{
while (UART_BASE[UART_FR_OFFSET] & UART_FR_TXFF_MASK) {
}
UART_BASE[UART_DR_OFFSET] = (uint32_t)c;
}
void uart_puts(const char *str)
{
while (*str) {
uart_putchar(*str++);
}
}
char uart_to_upper(char c)
{
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
return (char)(c - 32);
return c;
}

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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file rp2350_xosc.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief XOSC driver implementation for RP2350.
*
* Configures the external crystal oscillator and enables the
* peripheral clock sourced from XOSC.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include "rp2350_xosc.h"
void xosc_init(void)
{
XOSC->STARTUP = 0x00C4U;
XOSC->CTRL = 0x00FABAA0U;
while ((XOSC->STATUS & (1U << XOSC_STATUS_STABLE_SHIFT)) == 0) {
}
}
void xosc_enable_peri_clk(void)
{
uint32_t value;
value = CLOCKS->CLK_PERI_CTRL;
value &= ~CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_MASK;
value |= (1U << CLK_PERI_CTRL_ENABLE_SHIFT);
value |= (CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC << CLK_PERI_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT);
CLOCKS->CLK_PERI_CTRL = value;
}
void xosc_enable_adc_clk(void)
{
uint32_t value;
value = CLOCKS->CLK_ADC_CTRL;
value &= ~CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_MASK;
value |= (1U << CLK_ADC_CTRL_ENABLE_SHIFT);
value |= (CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC << CLK_ADC_CTRL_AUXSRC_SHIFT);
CLOCKS->CLK_ADC_CTRL = value;
}

38
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/Src/vector_table.c Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file vector_table.c
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Vector table with initial stack pointer and reset handler.
*
* Placed in the .vectors section at the start of flash.
* The Thumb bit (bit 0 = 1) is automatically set by the
* linker for function pointers in Thumb mode.
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
#include <stdint.h>
extern uint32_t _stack_top;
extern void Reset_Handler(void);
typedef void (*vector_func_t)(void);
/**
* @brief Vector table placed in .vectors section
*/
__attribute__((section(".vectors"), used))
const void *_vectors[2] = {
&_stack_top,
Reset_Handler
};

114
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/linker.ld Normal file
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/**
******************************************************************************
* @file linker.ld
* @author Kevin Thomas
* @brief Minimal linker script for bare-metal RP2350 development.
*
* Defines FLASH (XIP 32 MB) and RAM (520 kB SRAM) regions.
* The vector table is placed at the start of flash (0x10000000).
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Thomas.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/**
* Entry point.
*/
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/**
* Define memory regions.
*/
__XIP_BASE = 0x10000000;
__XIP_SIZE = 32M;
__SRAM_BASE = 0x20000000;
__SRAM_SIZE = 520K;
__STACK_SIZE = 32K;
/**
* Memory layout.
*/
MEMORY
{
RAM (rwx) : ORIGIN = __SRAM_BASE, LENGTH = __SRAM_SIZE
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = __XIP_BASE, LENGTH = __XIP_SIZE
}
/**
* Program headers.
*/
PHDRS
{
text PT_LOAD FLAGS(5);
}
/**
* Section placement.
*/
SECTIONS
{
. = ORIGIN(FLASH);
/**
* Vector table MUST be first at 0x10000000.
*/
.vectors :
{
KEEP(*(.vectors))
} > FLASH :text
/**
* Verify vector table placement.
*/
ASSERT((ADDR(.vectors) == ORIGIN(FLASH)),
"Vector table must be at start of flash (0x10000000)")
/**
* Text and read-only data.
*/
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text*)
*(.rodata*)
KEEP(*(.init))
KEEP(*(.fini))
KEEP(*(.ARM.attributes))
} > FLASH :text
/**
* IMAGE_DEF block at end of code.
*/
.embedded_block :
{
KEEP(*(.embedded_block))
} > FLASH :text
/**
* Non-secure stack symbols.
*/
__StackTop = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);
__StackLimit = __StackTop - __STACK_SIZE;
__stack = __StackTop;
_stack_top = __StackTop;
/**
* Stack section (no load).
*/
.stack (NOLOAD) : { . = ALIGN(8); } > RAM
/**
* Provide vector table symbol to startup code.
*/
PROVIDE(__Vectors = ADDR(.vectors));
}

438
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/uf2conv.py Normal file
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import struct
import subprocess
import re
import os
import os.path
import argparse
import json
from time import sleep
UF2_MAGIC_START0 = 0x0A324655 # "UF2\n"
UF2_MAGIC_START1 = 0x9E5D5157 # Randomly selected
UF2_MAGIC_END = 0x0AB16F30 # Ditto
INFO_FILE = "/INFO_UF2.TXT"
appstartaddr = 0x2000
familyid = 0x0
def is_uf2(buf):
w = struct.unpack("<II", buf[0:8])
return w[0] == UF2_MAGIC_START0 and w[1] == UF2_MAGIC_START1
def is_hex(buf):
try:
w = buf[0:30].decode("utf-8")
except UnicodeDecodeError:
return False
if w[0] == ":" and re.match(rb"^[:0-9a-fA-F\r\n]+$", buf):
return True
return False
def convert_from_uf2(buf):
global appstartaddr
global familyid
numblocks = len(buf) // 512
curraddr = None
currfamilyid = None
families_found = {}
prev_flag = None
all_flags_same = True
outp = []
for blockno in range(numblocks):
ptr = blockno * 512
block = buf[ptr : ptr + 512]
hd = struct.unpack(b"<IIIIIIII", block[0:32])
if hd[0] != UF2_MAGIC_START0 or hd[1] != UF2_MAGIC_START1:
print("Skipping block at " + ptr + "; bad magic")
continue
if hd[2] & 1:
# NO-flash flag set; skip block
continue
datalen = hd[4]
if datalen > 476:
assert False, "Invalid UF2 data size at " + ptr
newaddr = hd[3]
if (hd[2] & 0x2000) and (currfamilyid == None):
currfamilyid = hd[7]
if curraddr == None or ((hd[2] & 0x2000) and hd[7] != currfamilyid):
currfamilyid = hd[7]
curraddr = newaddr
if familyid == 0x0 or familyid == hd[7]:
appstartaddr = newaddr
padding = newaddr - curraddr
if padding < 0:
assert False, "Block out of order at " + ptr
if padding > 10 * 1024 * 1024:
assert False, "More than 10M of padding needed at " + ptr
if padding % 4 != 0:
assert False, "Non-word padding size at " + ptr
while padding > 0:
padding -= 4
outp.append(b"\x00\x00\x00\x00")
if familyid == 0x0 or ((hd[2] & 0x2000) and familyid == hd[7]):
outp.append(block[32 : 32 + datalen])
curraddr = newaddr + datalen
if hd[2] & 0x2000:
if hd[7] in families_found.keys():
if families_found[hd[7]] > newaddr:
families_found[hd[7]] = newaddr
else:
families_found[hd[7]] = newaddr
if prev_flag == None:
prev_flag = hd[2]
if prev_flag != hd[2]:
all_flags_same = False
if blockno == (numblocks - 1):
print("--- UF2 File Header Info ---")
families = load_families()
for family_hex in families_found.keys():
family_short_name = ""
for name, value in families.items():
if value == family_hex:
family_short_name = name
print(
"Family ID is {:s}, hex value is 0x{:08x}".format(
family_short_name, family_hex
)
)
print("Target Address is 0x{:08x}".format(families_found[family_hex]))
if all_flags_same:
print("All block flag values consistent, 0x{:04x}".format(hd[2]))
else:
print("Flags were not all the same")
print("----------------------------")
if len(families_found) > 1 and familyid == 0x0:
outp = []
appstartaddr = 0x0
return b"".join(outp)
def convert_to_carray(file_content):
outp = "const unsigned long bindata_len = %d;\n" % len(file_content)
outp += "const unsigned char bindata[] __attribute__((aligned(16))) = {"
for i in range(len(file_content)):
if i % 16 == 0:
outp += "\n"
outp += "0x%02x, " % file_content[i]
outp += "\n};\n"
return bytes(outp, "utf-8")
def convert_to_uf2(file_content):
global familyid
datapadding = b""
while len(datapadding) < 512 - 256 - 32 - 4:
datapadding += b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
numblocks = (len(file_content) + 255) // 256
outp = []
for blockno in range(numblocks):
ptr = 256 * blockno
chunk = file_content[ptr : ptr + 256]
flags = 0x0
if familyid:
flags |= 0x2000
hd = struct.pack(
b"<IIIIIIII",
UF2_MAGIC_START0,
UF2_MAGIC_START1,
flags,
ptr + appstartaddr,
256,
blockno,
numblocks,
familyid,
)
while len(chunk) < 256:
chunk += b"\x00"
block = hd + chunk + datapadding + struct.pack(b"<I", UF2_MAGIC_END)
assert len(block) == 512
outp.append(block)
return b"".join(outp)
class Block:
def __init__(self, addr, default_data=0xFF):
self.addr = addr
self.bytes = bytearray([default_data] * 256)
def encode(self, blockno, numblocks):
global familyid
flags = 0x0
if familyid:
flags |= 0x2000
hd = struct.pack(
"<IIIIIIII",
UF2_MAGIC_START0,
UF2_MAGIC_START1,
flags,
self.addr,
256,
blockno,
numblocks,
familyid,
)
hd += self.bytes[0:256]
while len(hd) < 512 - 4:
hd += b"\x00"
hd += struct.pack("<I", UF2_MAGIC_END)
return hd
def convert_from_hex_to_uf2(buf):
global appstartaddr
appstartaddr = None
upper = 0
currblock = None
blocks = []
for line in buf.split("\n"):
if line[0] != ":":
continue
i = 1
rec = []
while i < len(line) - 1:
rec.append(int(line[i : i + 2], 16))
i += 2
tp = rec[3]
if tp == 4:
upper = ((rec[4] << 8) | rec[5]) << 16
elif tp == 2:
upper = ((rec[4] << 8) | rec[5]) << 4
elif tp == 1:
break
elif tp == 0:
addr = upper + ((rec[1] << 8) | rec[2])
if appstartaddr == None:
appstartaddr = addr
i = 4
while i < len(rec) - 1:
if not currblock or currblock.addr & ~0xFF != addr & ~0xFF:
currblock = Block(addr & ~0xFF)
blocks.append(currblock)
currblock.bytes[addr & 0xFF] = rec[i]
addr += 1
i += 1
numblocks = len(blocks)
resfile = b""
for i in range(0, numblocks):
resfile += blocks[i].encode(i, numblocks)
return resfile
def to_str(b):
return b.decode("utf-8")
def get_drives():
drives = []
if sys.platform == "win32":
r = subprocess.check_output(
[
"powershell",
"-Command",
"(Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk -Filter \"VolumeName='RPI-RP2'\").DeviceID",
]
)
drive = to_str(r).strip()
if drive:
drives.append(drive)
else:
searchpaths = ["/mnt", "/media"]
if sys.platform == "darwin":
searchpaths = ["/Volumes"]
elif sys.platform == "linux":
searchpaths += [
"/media/" + os.environ["USER"],
"/run/media/" + os.environ["USER"],
]
if "SUDO_USER" in os.environ.keys():
searchpaths += ["/media/" + os.environ["SUDO_USER"]]
searchpaths += ["/run/media/" + os.environ["SUDO_USER"]]
for rootpath in searchpaths:
if os.path.isdir(rootpath):
for d in os.listdir(rootpath):
if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(rootpath, d)):
drives.append(os.path.join(rootpath, d))
def has_info(d):
try:
return os.path.isfile(d + INFO_FILE)
except:
return False
return list(filter(has_info, drives))
def board_id(path):
with open(path + INFO_FILE, mode="r") as file:
file_content = file.read()
return re.search(r"Board-ID: ([^\r\n]*)", file_content).group(1)
def list_drives():
for d in get_drives():
print(d, board_id(d))
def write_file(name, buf):
with open(name, "wb") as f:
f.write(buf)
print("Wrote %d bytes to %s" % (len(buf), name))
def load_families():
# The expectation is that the `uf2families.json` file is in the same
# directory as this script. Make a path that works using `__file__`
# which contains the full path to this script.
filename = "uf2families.json"
pathname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), filename)
with open(pathname) as f:
raw_families = json.load(f)
families = {}
for family in raw_families:
families[family["short_name"]] = int(family["id"], 0)
return families
def main():
global appstartaddr, familyid
def error(msg):
print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Convert to UF2 or flash directly.")
parser.add_argument(
"input",
metavar="INPUT",
type=str,
nargs="?",
help="input file (HEX, BIN or UF2)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-b",
"--base",
dest="base",
type=str,
default="0x2000",
help="set base address of application for BIN format (default: 0x2000)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-f",
"--family",
dest="family",
type=str,
default="0x0",
help="specify familyID - number or name (default: 0x0)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-o",
"--output",
metavar="FILE",
dest="output",
type=str,
help='write output to named file; defaults to "flash.uf2" or "flash.bin" where sensible',
)
parser.add_argument(
"-d", "--device", dest="device_path", help="select a device path to flash"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-l", "--list", action="store_true", help="list connected devices"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-c", "--convert", action="store_true", help="do not flash, just convert"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-D", "--deploy", action="store_true", help="just flash, do not convert"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-w", "--wait", action="store_true", help="wait for device to flash"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-C",
"--carray",
action="store_true",
help="convert binary file to a C array, not UF2",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-i",
"--info",
action="store_true",
help="display header information from UF2, do not convert",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
appstartaddr = int(args.base, 0)
families = load_families()
if args.family.upper() in families:
familyid = families[args.family.upper()]
else:
try:
familyid = int(args.family, 0)
except ValueError:
error(
"Family ID needs to be a number or one of: "
+ ", ".join(families.keys())
)
if args.list:
list_drives()
else:
if not args.input:
error("Need input file")
with open(args.input, mode="rb") as f:
inpbuf = f.read()
from_uf2 = is_uf2(inpbuf)
ext = "uf2"
if args.deploy:
outbuf = inpbuf
elif from_uf2 and not args.info:
outbuf = convert_from_uf2(inpbuf)
ext = "bin"
elif from_uf2 and args.info:
outbuf = ""
convert_from_uf2(inpbuf)
elif is_hex(inpbuf):
outbuf = convert_from_hex_to_uf2(inpbuf.decode("utf-8"))
elif args.carray:
outbuf = convert_to_carray(inpbuf)
ext = "h"
else:
outbuf = convert_to_uf2(inpbuf)
if not args.deploy and not args.info:
print(
"Converted to %s, output size: %d, start address: 0x%x"
% (ext, len(outbuf), appstartaddr)
)
if args.convert or ext != "uf2":
if args.output == None:
args.output = "flash." + ext
if args.output:
write_file(args.output, outbuf)
if ext == "uf2" and not args.convert and not args.info:
drives = get_drives()
if len(drives) == 0:
if args.wait:
print("Waiting for drive to deploy...")
while len(drives) == 0:
sleep(0.1)
drives = get_drives()
elif not args.output:
error("No drive to deploy.")
for d in drives:
print("Flashing %s (%s)" % (d, board_id(d)))
write_file(d + "/NEW.UF2", outbuf)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

22
drivers/0x06_adc_cbm/uf2families.json Normal file
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[
{
"short_name": "RP2040",
"id": "0xe48bff56",
"description": "Raspberry Pi RP2040"
},
{
"short_name": "RP2350-ARM-S",
"id": "0xe48bff59",
"description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, ARM, Secure"
},
{
"short_name": "RP2350-ARM-NS",
"id": "0xe48bff5a",
"description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, ARM, Non-Secure"
},
{
"short_name": "RP2350-RISCV",
"id": "0xe48bff5b",
"description": "Raspberry Pi RP2350, RISC-V"
}
]